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Basis Of Presentation (Policy)
 9 Months Ended
Jul. 08, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of operations
Nature of operations — Founded in 1951, Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”) operates and franchises Jack in the Box® quick-service restaurants.
Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation — The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”). The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in our 2017 Form 10-K with the exception of two new accounting pronouncements adopted in fiscal 2018, which are described below.
On December 19, 2017, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell Qdoba Restaurant Corporation (“Qdoba”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company which operates and franchises more than 700 Qdoba Mexican Eats® fast-casual restaurants, to certain funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, LLC (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Buyer”). The sale was completed on March 21, 2018. For all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings, all sales, costs, expenses and income taxes attributable to Qdoba, except as related to the impact of the decrease in the federal statutory tax rate (see Note 8, Income Taxes), have been aggregated under the caption “earnings from discontinued operations, net of income taxes.” Cash flows used in or provided by Qdoba operations have been aggregated in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as part of discontinued operations. Prior year results have been recast to conform with the current presentation. Refer to Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information.
During fiscal 2012, we entered into an agreement to outsource our Jack in the Box distribution business and the related results of operations for this business are also reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Refer to Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information.
Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements relate to our continuing operations. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition and results of operations for these interim periods have been included. Operating results for one interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for any other interim period or for the full year.
Segment reporting
Segment reporting — As a result of our sale of Qdoba, which has been classified as discontinued operations, we now have one reporting segment.
Reclassification and adjustments
Reclassifications and adjustments — Certain prior year amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified due to the sale of Qdoba. See Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for further information regarding this sale and the resulting prior year reclassifications. We recorded certain adjustments in 2018 upon the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement; see details regarding the effects of the adoption on our condensed consolidated financial statements below. Further, in 2018, we began presenting depreciation and amortization as a separate line item on our condensed consolidated statements of earnings to better align with similar presentation made by many of our peers and to provide additional disclosure that is meaningful for our investors. The prior year condensed consolidated statements of earnings were adjusted to conform with this new presentation. Depreciation and amortization were previously presented within company restaurant costs, franchise occupancy expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses, and impairment and other charges, net on our condensed consolidated statements of earnings.
Fiscal year
Fiscal year — Our fiscal year is 52 or 53 weeks ending the Sunday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2018 and 2017 include 52 weeks. Our first quarter includes 16-weeks and all other quarters include 12-weeks. All comparisons between 2018 and 2017 refer to the 12-weeks (“quarter”) and 40-weeks (“year-to-date”) ended July 8, 2018 and July 9, 2017, respectively, unless otherwise indicated.
Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation — The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the accounts of any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where we are deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The financial results and position of our VIE are immaterial to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates — In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingencies. In making these assumptions and estimates, management may from time to time seek advice and consider information provided by actuaries and other experts in a particular area. Actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.
On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued guidance under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), directing taxpayers to consider the impact of the U.S. legislation as “provisional” when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in tax law, or if in certain cases, the U.S. Treasury is expected to issue further guidance on the application of certain provisions of the U.S. legislation. See Note 8, Income Taxes, for additional details
Advertising costs
Advertising costs — We administer a marketing fund which includes contractual contributions. In 2018, the marketing fund contributions from franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 5.0% of gross revenues, and the Company made incremental contributions to the marketing fund of $1.5 million in the quarter and $3.3 million year-to-date. To the extent contributions exceed marketing fund expenditures, the excess contributions are recorded as a liability in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. To the extent expenditures temporarily exceed contributions, the difference is recorded as a receivable of the fund in accounts and other receivable, net on our consolidated balance sheet. The contributions to the marketing fund are designated for sales driving and marketing-related initiatives and advertising, and we act as an agent for the franchisees with regard to these contributions. Therefore, we do not reflect franchisee contributions to the funds in our consolidated statements of earnings.
Production costs of commercials, programming and other marketing activities are charged to the marketing fund when the advertising is first used for its intended purpose, and the costs of advertising are charged to operations as incurred. Total contributions and other marketing expenses are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings. Advertising and promotions for the quarter and year-to-date in 2018 were $5.9 million and $22.0 million, respectively, and in 2017, were $8.2 million and $29.3 million,
Effect of new accounting pronouncements adopted n fiscal 2018
Effect of new accounting pronouncements adopted in fiscal 2018 — In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard is intended to simplify various aspects of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. As such, we adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Due to the adoption of the standard, we prospectively reclassified excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements of $1.3 million in the quarter and $2.1 million year-to-date, as a discrete item within income tax expense on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings, rather than recognizing such excess income tax benefits in capital in excess of par value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. This also impacted the related classification on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, as excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements is only reported in cash flows from operating activities on a prospective basis, rather than as previously reported in cash flows from operating activities and cash flows used in financing activities. Upon adoption of the standard, we also began reporting cash paid to a taxing authority on an employee’s behalf when we directly withhold equivalent shares for taxes as cash flows used in financing activities, with the related tax withholding classified as a change in accounts and other receivables in cash flows from operating activities on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We retrospectively applied this new reporting of tax payments for equity award issuances on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The standard also impacted our earnings per share calculation on a prospective basis as the estimate of dilutive common share equivalents under the treasury stock method no longer assumes that the estimated tax benefits realized when an award is settled are used to repurchase shares. Lastly, the Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, and a cumulative-effect adjustment was made in the amount of $0.2 million and recorded in retained earnings as of October 2, 2017 on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-19, Technical Corrections and Improvements. This standard contains amendments that affect a wide variety of topics in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The amendments include differences between original FASB guidance and the ASC, guidance clarification and reference corrections, simplifications, and minor improvements. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. As such, we adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. This standard did not have a significant effect on our accounting policies or on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Effect of new accounting pronouncements to be adopted in future periods — In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue Recognition - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires an entity to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive for the transfer of promised goods or services to its customers. The standard also requires additional disclosure regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Further, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies the guidance in ASU 2014-09 when evaluating when another party, along with the entity, is involved in providing a good or service to a customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies the guidance in ASU 2014-09 regarding assessing whether promises to transfer goods or services are distinct, and whether an entity's promise to grant a license provides a customer with a right to use, or right to access the entity's intellectual property. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU clarifies the guidance in ASU 2014-09, providing technical corrections and improvements to clarify guidance and correct unintended applications of the guidance. All standards are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that reporting period. As such, we will be required to adopt these standards in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. These standards are to be applied retrospectively or using a cumulative effect transition method, and early adoption is not permitted. We currently expect to apply the modified retrospective method upon adoption.
We do not believe the new revenue recognition standard will impact our recognition of restaurant sales, rental revenues or royalty fees from franchisees. We currently expect the pronouncement will change the way initial fees from franchisees for new restaurant openings or new franchise terms are recognized. Our current accounting policy is to recognize initial franchise fees when a new restaurant opens or at the start of a new franchise term. In accordance with the new guidance, the initial franchise services are not distinct from the continuing rights or services offered during the term of the franchise agreement, and will therefore be treated as a single performance obligation. As such, initial fees received will likely be recognized over the franchise term. We are currently in the process of quantifying the financial statement impacts of this change.
We also believe the standards will have an impact on transactions currently not included in our revenues and expenses such as franchisee contributions to and expenditures from our advertising fund that we are required to consolidate under current U.S. GAAP. We do not currently include these contributions and expenditures in our consolidated statements of earnings or cash flows in accordance with current U.S. GAAP. The new standard will impact the principal/agent determinations in these arrangements by superseding industry-specific guidance included in current U.S. GAAP. If we determine that we are the principal in these arrangements, we will include contributions to and expenditures from the advertising fund within our consolidated statements of earnings or cash flows. While any such change has the potential to materially impact our gross amount of reported revenues and expenses, such impact is anticipated to be largely offsetting and we would not expect there to be a significant impact on our reported net earnings. We are currently in the process of quantifying the financial statement impact of these contributions and expenditures.
We are continuing to evaluating the impact that this pronouncement will have on other, less significant revenue streams.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. As such, we will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. This standard requires adoption based upon a modified retrospective transition approach, with early adoption permitted. Based on a preliminary assessment, we expect that most of our operating lease commitments will be subject to the new guidance and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption, resulting in a significant increase in the assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which affects the guidance in ASU 2016-02. The standard permits the election of an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate land easements that exist or expired before the adoption of Topic 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, affecting narrow aspects of the guidance in ASU 2016-02, but do not change any of the principles. The effective date and transition requirements for both ASU 2018-01 and ASU 2018-10 are the same as ASU 2016-02. We are continuing our evaluation, which may identify additional impacts this standard and its amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, Liabilities - Extinguishment of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20): Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products, which is designed to provide guidance and eliminate diversity in the accounting for the derecognition of financial liabilities related to certain prepaid stored-value products using a revenue-like breakage model. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. As such, we will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. This standard is to be applied retrospectively or using a cumulative effect transition method as of the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating which transition method to use, but believe the impact this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures will be immaterial upon adoption.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This standard is intended to address eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. As such, we will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. This standard requires adoption based upon a retrospective transition method. We are currently evaluating this standard, but do not believe it will have a material impact on the classification of cash flows within our statement of cash flows.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This standard requires that an entity recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, rather than deferring the recognition until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. As such, we will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The standard requires adoption on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. We are currently evaluating this standard, but do not believe it will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. The standard provides clarification about the term “in substance nonfinancial asset” and guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The standard is required to be adopted retrospectively, in conjunction with ASU 2014-09. As such, we will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This standard requires the presentation of the service cost component of net benefit cost to be in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. All other components of net benefit cost should be presented separately from the service cost component and outside of a subtotal of earnings from operations, or separately disclosed. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and must be adopted retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period, but we plan to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Upon adoption of this standard, we will separately present the components of net periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost component, outside of earnings from operations. In 2018 and 2017, net periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost component, was approximately $22,000 and $0.5 million during the quarter, respectively, and approximately $71,000 and $1.6 million year-to-date, respectively.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This standard provides guidance that clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require the application of modification accounting under ASC 718. This new guidance will allow for certain changes to be made to awards without accounting for them as modifications. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The standard is required to be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. We will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which amends the previous guidance to allow for certain tax effects “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income, which are impacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into retained earnings. This amendment pertains only to those items impacted by the new tax law and will not apply to any future tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. We are currently evaluating this standard.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements, which is related to a project by the FASB to facilitate codification updates for technical corrections, clarifications and other minor improvements. This standard contains amendments that affect a wide variety of topics in the ASC. The effective date of the standard is dependent on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some amendments do not require transition guidance and will be effective upon the issuance of this standard. A majority of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 will be effective in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We will be required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.