Allowance For Credit Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses [Text Block]

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, which is measured using relevant information about past events, including historical credit loss experience on financial assets with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contractual term of the financial assets. A provision for credit losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors.

During the first quarter of 2023, Park adopted ASU 2022-02. This standard was adopted using a modified retrospective transition method on January 1, 2023, resulting in a $383,000 increase to the ACL. A cumulative effect adjustment resulting in a $303,000 decrease to retained earnings and an $80,000 increase to deferred tax assets was also recorded as a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02 was also recorded as a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02.

Quantitative Considerations

The ACL is primarily calculated utilizing a DCF model. Key inputs and assumptions used in this model are discussed below:

•Forecast model - For each portfolio segment, a LDA was performed in order to identify appropriate loss drivers and create a regression model for use in forecasting cash flows. The LDA analysis utilized Park's own FFIEC Call Report data for the commercial, financial and agricultural and residential real estate portfolio segments. Peer data was incorporated into the analysis for the commercial real estate, construction real estate, and consumer portfolio segments. Park updated the LDA in the fourth quarter of 2023. Per review of the correlation of data and subsequent results, management refined the peer group in the LDA and maintained the exclusion of periods impacted by COVID-19. Management reviewed and considered the impact of the inclusion of periods impacted by COVID-19 as part of the LDA update, but the correlation of the inclusion of COVID-19 periods was lower.

•Probability of default – PD is the probability that an asset will be in default within a given time frame. Park has defined default to be when a charge-off has occurred, a loan is placed on nonaccrual, or a loan is greater than 90 days past due. Whenever possible, Park utilizes its own loan-level PDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When loan-level data is not available reflecting the forecasted economic conditions, the LDA is utilized to estimate PDs. In all cases, the LDA is then utilized to determine the long-term historical average, which is reached over the reversion period.

•Loss given default – LGD is the percentage of the asset not expected to be collected due to default. Whenever possible, Park utilizes its own loan-level LGDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When it is not possible to use Park's own LGDs, the LGD is derived using a method referred to as Frye Jacobs. In all cases, the Frye Jacobs method is utilized to calculate LGDs during the reversion period and long-term historical average.

•Prepayments and curtailments – Prepayments and curtailments are calculated based on Park’s own data utilizing a three-year average. This analysis is updated annually in the fourth quarter and was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Forecast and reversion – Park has established a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with a one-year straight line reversion to the long-term historical average.

•Economic forecast - Park utilizes a third party to provide economic forecasts under various scenarios, which are weighted in order to reflect model risk in the current economic environment. The scenario weighting is evaluated by management on a quarterly basis.

◦As of December 31, 2023, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.05% and 4.66% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at December 31, 2023, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The continued elevated levels of inflation, volatile levels of consumer confidence, continued elevated interest rates, financial system stress and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at December 31, 2023.

◦As of March 31, 2024, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.31% and 4.79% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at March 31, 2024, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The continued elevated levels of inflation, volatile levels of consumer confidence, continued elevated interest rates, financial system stress and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at March 31, 2024.

Qualitative Considerations

Park reviews various internal and external factors to consider the need for any qualitative adjustments to the quantitative model. Factors considered include the following:

•The nature and volume of Park’s financial assets; the existence, growth, and effect of any concentrations of credit and the volume and severity of past due financial assets, the volume of nonaccrual assets, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded assets. Specifically, management considers:

◦Trends (e.g., growth, reduction) in specific categories of the loan portfolio, as well as adjustments to the types of loans offered by Park.

◦Level of and trend in loan delinquencies, troubled loans, commercial watch list loans and nonperforming loans.

◦Level of and trend in new nonaccrual loans.

◦Level of and trend in loan charge-offs and recoveries.

•Park's lending policies and procedures, including changes in lending strategies, underwriting standards and practices for collections, charge-offs, and recoveries.

•The quality of Park’s credit review function.

•The experience, ability, and depth of Park’s lending, investment, collection, and other relevant management and staff.

•The effect of other external factors such as the regulatory, legal and technological environments; competition; geopolitical conflict; and events such as natural disasters or pandemics.

•Actual and expected changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments in the markets in which Park operates that affect the collectability of financial assets.

•Where the U.S. economy is within a given credit cycle.

•The extent that there is government assistance (stimulus).

Qualitative adjustments amounted to $428,000 and $417,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

ACL Activity

The activity in the ACL for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 is summarized in the following tables:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
ACL:
Beginning balance	$	15,496	$	16,374	$	5,227	$	18,818	$	27,713	$	117	$	83,745
Charge-offs	220		—		—		1		3,019		—		3,240
Recoveries	171		22		914		82		1,210		—		2,399
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	$	49	$	(22)	$	(914)	$	(81)	$	1,809	$	—	$	841
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	(476)		785		(399)		734		1,490		46		2,180
Ending balance	$	14,971	$	17,181	$	5,742	$	19,633	$	27,394	$	163	$	85,084

 

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
ACL:
Beginning balance	$	16,987	$	17,829	$	5,550	$	16,831	$	28,021	$	161	$	85,379
Impact of Adoption of ASU 2022-02	222		181		—		(20)		—		—		383
Charge-offs	349		—		—		29		1,857		—		2,235
Recoveries	46		232		496		357		1,105		—		2,236
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)	$	303	$	(232)	$	(496)	$	(328)	$	752	$	—	$	(1)
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	(334)		(296)		(684)		750		784		(37)		183
Ending balance	$	16,572	$	17,946	$	5,362	$	17,889	$	28,053	$	124	$	85,946

ACL Summary

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at March 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the ACL. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all internally classified commercial nonaccrual loans which are individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2023 Form 10-K).

The composition of the ACL at March 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 was as follows:

 

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
ACL:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	4,997		$	35		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	5,032
Collectively evaluated for impairment	9,974			17,146			5,742			19,633			27,394			163			80,052
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total ending allowance balance	$	14,971		$	17,181		$	5,742		$	19,633		$	27,394		$	163		$	85,084
Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	26,937		$	21,968		$	1,949		$	3,833		$	—		$	55		$	54,742
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,249,518			1,877,488			339,275			2,047,219			1,925,767			28,542			7,467,809
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	15			1,512			615			312			—			—			2,454
Total ending loan balance	$	1,276,470		$	1,900,968		$	341,839		$	2,051,364		$	1,925,767		$	28,597		$	7,525,005
ACL as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	18.55		%	0.16		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	9.19		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	0.80		%	0.91		%	1.69		%	0.96		%	1.42		%	0.57		%	1.07		%
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%
Total	1.17		%	0.90		%	1.68		%	0.96		%	1.42		%	0.57		%	1.13		%

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
ACL:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	4,980		$	3		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	4,983
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10,516			16,371			5,227			18,818			27,713			117			78,762
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total ending allowance balance	$	15,496		$	16,374		$	5,227		$	18,818		$	27,713		$	117		$	83,745
Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	21,228		$	20,740		$	504		$	2,670		$	—		$	73		$	45,215
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,274,390			1,853,383			303,969			2,026,537			1,945,936			23,956			7,428,171
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	22			1,870			626			317			—			—			2,835
Total ending loan balance	$	1,295,640		$	1,875,993		$	305,099		$	2,029,524		$	1,945,936		$	24,029		$	7,476,221
ACL as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	23.46		%	0.01		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	11.02		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	0.83		%	0.88		%	1.72		%	0.93		%	1.42		%	0.49		%	1.06		%
Accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%
Total	1.20		%	0.87		%	1.71		%	0.93		%	1.42		%	0.49		%	1.12		%