Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Values

Fair Value

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that Park uses to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that Park has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2: Level 1 inputs for assets or liabilities that are not actively traded. Also consists of an observable market price for a similar asset or liability. This includes the use of “matrix pricing” to value debt securities absent the exclusive use of quoted prices.

•Level 3: Consists of unobservable inputs that are used to measure fair value when observable market inputs are not available. This could include the use of internally developed models, financial forecasting and similar inputs.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. When possible, the Company looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to observable market data for similar assets and liabilities. However, certain assets and liabilities are not traded in observable markets and Park must use other valuation methods to develop a fair value. The fair value of individually evaluated collateral dependent loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is estimated through third-party appraisals in accordance with Park's valuation requirements under its commercial and real estate loan policies.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 using:
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2021
Assets
Investment securities:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	389,591	$	—	$	389,591
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities	—		854,463		—		854,463
Collateralized loan obligations	—		498,674		—		498,674
Corporate debt securities	—		11,412		—		11,412
Equity securities	1,630		—		499		2,129
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		9,387		—		9,387
Mortgage IRLCs	—		333		—		333
Loan interest rate swaps	—		1,952		—		1,952
Liabilities
Fair value swap	$	—	$	—	$	226	$	226
Borrowing interest rate swap	—		262		—		262
Loan interest rate swaps	—		1,952		—		1,952

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 using:
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2020
Assets
Investment securities:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	305,218	$	—	$	305,218
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities	—		752,109		—		752,109
Corporate debt securities	—		2,014		—		2,014
Equity securities	2,026		—		485		2,511
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		31,666		—		31,666
Mortgage IRLCs	—		1,545		—		1,545
Loan interest rate swaps	—		3,934		—		3,934
Liabilities
Fair value swap	$	—	$	—	$	226	$	226
Borrowing interest rate swap	—		885		—		885
Loan interest rate swaps	—		3,934		—		3,934

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities discussed above:

Interest rate swaps:  The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Investment securities: Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices, where available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows (Level 3).

Fair value swap: The fair value of the swap agreement entered into with the purchaser of the Visa Class B shares represents an internally developed estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses and are classified as Level 3..

Mortgage Interest Rate Lock Commitments: Mortgage IRLCs are based on current secondary market pricing and are classified as Level 2.

Mortgage loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. Mortgage loans held for sale are estimated using market prices for similar product types and, therefore, are classified in Level 2.

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3:

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Equity Securities		Fair Value Swap
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	485	$	(226)
Total Gains
Included in other income	14		—
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	499	$	(226)
Balance at January 1, 2020	$	456	$	(226)
Total Gains
Included in other income	29		—
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	485	$	(226)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as described below:

Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans: When a loan is individually evaluated, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Collateral dependent loans which are individually evaluated and carried at fair value have been partially charged off or receive specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is generally based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Collateral is then adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and the client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. Additionally, updated independent valuations are obtained annually for all collateral dependent loans in accordance with Company policy.

OREO: Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on recent real estate appraisals and is updated at least annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both individually evaluated collateral dependent loans and OREO are performed by licensed appraisers. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of collateral. In general, there are three types of appraisals received by the Company: real estate appraisals, income approach appraisals, and lot development loan appraisals. These are discussed below:

•Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management generally applies a 15% discount to real estate appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs). This 15% discount is based on historical discounts to appraised values on sold OREO properties.

•Income approach appraisals typically incorporate the annual net operating income of the business divided by an appropriate capitalization rate, as determined by the appraiser. Management generally applies a 15% discount to income approach appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs).

•Lot development loan appraisals are typically performed using a discounted cash flow analysis. Appraisers determine an anticipated absorption period and a discount rate that takes into account an investor’s required rate of return based on recent comparable sales. Management generally applies a 6% discount to lot development appraised values, which is an additional discount above the net present value calculation included in the appraisal, to account for selling costs.

Other repossessed assets: Other repossessed assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of other repossessed assets is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, other repossessed assets primarily consisted of aircraft acquired as part of a loan workout. Fair value is based on Aircraft Bluebook and VREF Aircraft Value Reference values based on the model of aircraft and adjustments for flight hours, features and other variables. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

MSRs: MSRs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. MSRs do not trade in active, open markets with readily observable prices. For example, sales of MSRs do occur, but precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. As such, management, with the assistance of a third-party specialist, determines fair value based on the discounted value of the future cash flows estimated to be received. Significant inputs include the discount rate and assumed prepayment speeds. The calculated fair value is then compared to market values where possible to ascertain the reasonableness of the valuation in relation to current market expectations for similar products. Accordingly, MSRs are classified as Level 2.

The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans secured by real estate are carried at fair value if they have been charged down to fair value or if a specific valuation allowance has been established. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no PCD loans carried at fair value. A new cost basis is established at the time a property is initially recorded in OREO. OREO properties are carried at fair value if a devaluation has been taken with respect to the property's value subsequent to the initial measurement.

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using:
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2021
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans recorded at fair value:
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	831	$	831
Residential real estate	—		—		272		272
Total individually evaluated collateral dependent loans recorded at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	1,103	$	1,103
MSRs	$	—	$	13,482	$	—	$	13,482
OREO recorded at fair value:
Residential real estate	—		—		775		775
Total OREO recorded at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	775	$	775
Other repossessed assets	$	—	$	—	$	2,750	$	2,750

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using:
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2020
Impaired loans recorded at fair value:
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	6,749	$	6,749
Residential real estate	—		—		175		175
Total impaired loans recorded at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	6,924	$	6,924
MSRs	$	—	$	12,179	$	—	$	12,179
OREO recorded at fair value:
Residential real estate	—		—		735		735
Total OREO recorded at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	735	$	735
Other repossessed assets	$	—	$	—	$	3,164	$	3,164

The table below provides additional detail on those individually evaluated loans which are recorded at fair value as well as the remaining individually evaluated loan portfolio not included above. The remaining individually evaluated loans consist of 1) loans which are not collateral dependent, 2) loans which are not secured by real estate, and 3) loans carried at cost as the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows on each of the loans exceeded the book value for each respective credit.

	December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Loan Balance		Prior Charge-Offs		Specific Valuation Allowance		Carrying Balance
Total individually evaluated collateral dependent loans recorded at fair value	$	1,291	$	240	$	188	$	1,103
Remaining individually evaluated loans	73,211		384		1,428		71,783
Total individually evaluated loans	$	74,502	$	624	$	1,616	$	72,886

	December 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Prior Charge-Offs		Specific Valuation Allowance		Carrying Balance
Impaired loans recorded at fair value	$	8,256	$	269	$	1,332	$	6,924
Remaining impaired loans	100,199		386		4,102		96,097
Total impaired loans	$	108,455	$	655	$	5,434	$	103,021

The income (expense) from credit adjustments related to individually evaluated/impaired loans carried at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million, $(4.7) million, and $(0.2) million, respectively.

MSRs totaled $15.3 million at December 31, 2021. Of this $15.3 million MSR carrying balance, $13.5 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $1.6 million. The remaining $1.8 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020, MSRs totaled $12.2 million. Of this $12.2 million MSR carrying balance, $12.2 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $3.2 million. The remaining $31,000 was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2020. The income (expense) related to MSRs carried at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $1.6 million, $(2.4) million and $(0.6) million, respectively.

Total OREO held by Park at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $0.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Approximately 100% and 51% of OREO held by Park at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was carried at fair value due to fair value adjustments made subsequent to the initial OREO measurement. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, OREO held at fair value,

less estimated selling costs, amounted to $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The net (expense) income related to OREO fair value adjustments was $(32,000), $0.1 million and $(0.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other repossessed assets totaled $3.3 million at December 31, 2021, of which $2.8 million were recorded at fair value. Other repossessed asset totaled $3.6 million at December 31, 2020, of which $3.2 million were recorded at fair value. The net expense related to fair value adjustments on other repossessed assets was $414,000 and $435,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There was no expense related to fair value adjustments on other repossessed assets for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans:
Commercial real estate	$	831	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	0.0% - 232.0% (28.3%)
Residential real estate	$	272	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	0.5% - 78.6% (11.6%)
			Cost approach	Accumulated depreciation	8.3% (8.3%)
Other real estate owned:
Residential real estate	$	775	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	5.0% - 32.5% (19.1%)

December 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans:
Commercial real estate	$	6,749	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	0.0% - 139.0% (11.8%)
			Income approach	Capitalization rate	9.3% - 20.0% (10.3%)
			Cost approach	Entrepreneurial profit	10.0% (10.0%)
			Cost approach	Accumulated depreciation	2.6% (2.6%)
Residential real estate	$	175	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	2.0% - 47.8% (11.9%)
Other real estate owned:
Residential real estate	$	735	Sales comparison approach	Adj to comparables	7.8% - 9.9% (8.9%)

Assets Measured at Net Asset Value:

Park's portfolio of equity investments in limited partnerships which provide mezzanine funding ("Partnership Investments") are valued using the NAV practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820.

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Park had Partnerships Investments with a NAV of $18.0 million and $15.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Park had $8.4 million and $6.2 million in unfunded commitments related to these Partnership Investments. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, Park recognized income of $4.5 million, $2.4 million and $4.8 million, respectively, related to these Partnership Investments.

The fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was as follows:

	December 31, 2021
			Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and money market instruments	$	219,180	$	219,180	$	—	$	—	$	219,180
Investment securities (1)	1,754,140		—		1,754,140		—		1,754,140
Other investment securities (2)	2,129		1,630		—		499		2,129
Mortgage loans held for sale	9,387		—		9,387		—		9,387
Mortgage IRLCs	333		—		333		—		333
Individually evaluated loans carried at fair value	1,103		—		—		1,103		1,103
Other loans, net	6,777,102		—		—		6,783,848		6,783,848
Loans receivable, net	$	6,787,925	$	—	$	9,720	$	6,784,951	$	6,794,671
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits	$	711,660	$	—	$	714,307	$	—	$	714,307
Other	1,465		1,465		—		—		1,465
Deposits (excluding demand deposits)	$	713,125	$	1,465	$	714,307	$	—	$	715,772
Short-term borrowings	$	238,786	$	—	$	238,786	$	—	$	238,786
Subordinated notes	188,210		—		207,912		—		207,912
Derivative financial instruments - assets:
Loan interest rate swaps	1,952		—		1,952		—		1,952
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities:
Fair value swap	$	226	$	—	$	—	$	226	$	226
Borrowing interest rate swap	262		—		262		—		262
Loan interest rate swaps	1,952		—		1,952		—		1,952

(1) Includes debt securities AFS.

(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.

	December 31, 2020
			Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and money market instruments	$	370,474	$	370,474	$	—	$	—	$	370,474
Investment securities (1)	1,059,341		—		1,059,341		—		1,059,341
Other investment securities (2)	2,511		2,026		—		485		2,511
Loans held for sale	31,666		—		31,666		—		31,666
Mortgage IRLCs	1,545		—		1,545		—		1,545
Impaired loans carried at fair value	6,924		—		—		6,924		6,924
Other loans, net	7,051,975		—		—		7,072,339		7,072,339
Loans receivable, net	$	7,092,110	$	—	$	33,211	$	7,079,263	$	7,112,474
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits	$	864,573	$	—	$	870,804	$	—	$	870,804
Other	1,379		1,379		—		—		1,379
Deposits (excluding demand deposits)	$	865,952	$	1,379	$	870,804	$	—	$	872,183
Short-term borrowings	$	342,230	$	—	$	342,230	$	—	$	342,230
Long-term debt	32,500		—		31,376		—		31,376
Subordinated notes	187,774		—		179,147		—		179,147
Derivative financial instruments - assets:
Loan interest rate swaps	3,934		—		3,934		—		3,934
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities:
Fair value swap	$	226	$	—	$	—	$	226	$	226
Borrowing interest rate swap	885		—		885		—		885
Loan interest rate swaps	3,934		—		3,934		—		3,934

(1) Includes debt securities AFS.

(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.