Allowance For Loan Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is that amount management believes is adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors including the overall growth in the loan portfolio, an analysis of individual loans, prior and current loss experience, and current economic conditions. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors as discussed within Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park's 2019 Form 10-K.

Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risks and trends which may not be recognized in historical data. Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2019, incorporating annualized net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2019. With the addition of 2019 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 120 months from 108 months. The 120-month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.

For all loan types, management considers the following factors in determining loan collectability and the appropriate level of the allowance:

•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, including:

◦Trends (e.g., growth, reduction) in specific categories of the loan portfolio, as well as adjustments to the types of loans offered by PNB and GFSC.

◦Level of and trend in loan delinquencies, troubled loans, commercial watch list and impaired loans.

◦Level of and trend in new nonaccrual loans.

◦Level of and trend in loan charge-offs and recoveries.

•Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.

•Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio.

•The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio.

The following are factors management reviews specifically for commercial loans on a quarterly or annual basis.

•Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. This loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the credit being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.

•Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.

•Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. Certain environmental loss factors have been determined to correlate with higher charge-offs while other adjustments are based on a subjective evaluation of other environmental loss factors. Environmental factors applicable to the commercial loan portfolio include: the Ohio unemployment rate, percent change in Ohio GDP, the consumer confidence index, the prevalence of fixed rate loans in the portfolio and other environmental factors. In evaluating the ongoing relevance and amount of the other environmental factors, management considers: changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices, changes in national and local economic and business conditions, and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio. All of these factors are evaluated in relation to the historical look back period. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, such subjective environmental loss factor inputs accounted for approximately one half of the allowance for loan losses driven by environmental loss factors.

These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. The environmental loss factors were updated in the first quarter of 2020 to consider the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were increased from 0.60% at December 31, 2019 to 0.675% at March 31, 2020. This was the result of adjusting the factors for Ohio unemployment, percent change in Ohio GDP and the consumer confidence near the top end of Park's established range. This increase considered the current economic environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, modification programs Park has put in place, and the overall uncertainty of the economic impact of the pandemic. Management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available.

For the consumer portfolio, a specific COVID-19 factor was added to each segment equal to 25% of the 120-month historical loss factor. This increase considers the payment deferrals being provided to consumer loan customers as well as the likely delays in delinquencies and charge-offs as a result.

Much is still unknown about the economic impact of COVID-19, including the duration of the pandemic, future government programs that may be established as a result of the pandemic, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy. Management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available. Given uncertainty about the magnitude and length of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic shutdown, additional loan loss provisions may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods.

The activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 is summarized in the following tables.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	20,203	$	10,229	$	5,311	$	8,610	$	12,211	$	115	$	56,679
Charge-offs	523		—		6		71		2,085		—		2,685
Recoveries	700		300		230		96		1,030		—		2,356
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs	(177)		(300)		(224)		(25)		1,055		—		329
Provision/(recovery)	1,164		1,062		(42)		382		2,572		15		5,153
Ending balance	$	21,544	$	11,591	$	5,493	$	9,017	$	13,728	$	130	$	61,503


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	16,777	$	9,768	$	4,463	$	8,731	$	11,773	$	—	$	51,512
Charge-offs	198		54		—		29		2,706		—		2,987
Recoveries	416		59		88		382		1,400		—		2,345
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs	(218)		(5)		(88)		(353)		1,306		—		642
Provision	342		420		13		86		1,637		—		2,498
Ending balance	$	17,337	$	10,193	$	4,564	$	9,170	$	12,104	$	—	$	53,368

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all impaired loans internally classified as commercial loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2019 Form 10-K).

The composition of the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was as follows:


	March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	5,365		$	96		$	—		$	25		$	—		$	45		$	5,531
Collectively evaluated for impairment	16,138			11,487			5,493			8,922			13,728			85			55,853
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	41			8			—			70			—			—			119
Total ending allowance balance	$	21,544		$	11,591		$	5,493		$	9,017		$	13,728		$	130		$	61,503

Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	29,500		$	49,984		$	452		$	5,581		$	—		$	129		$	85,646
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,172,741			1,568,199			333,500			1,868,949			1,451,296			28,423			6,423,108
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	616			9,243			1,126			2,439			1			340			13,765
Total ending loan balance	$	1,202,857		$	1,627,426		$	335,078		$	1,876,969		$	1,451,297		$	28,892		$	6,522,519

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	18.19		%	0.19		%	—		%	0.45		%	—		%	34.88		%	6.46		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.38		%	0.73		%	1.65		%	0.48		%	0.95		%	0.30		%	0.87		%
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	6.66		%	0.09		%	—		%	2.87		%	—		%	—		%	—		%
Total	1.79		%	0.71		%	1.64		%	0.48		%	0.95		%	0.45		%	0.94		%

Recorded investment:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	29,542		$	50,147		$	452		$	5,581		$	—		$	129		$	85,851
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,177,272			1,573,559			334,467			1,872,578			1,455,502			28,440			6,441,818
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	620			9,337			1,129			2,452			1			340			13,879
Total ending recorded investment	$	1,207,434		$	1,633,043		$	336,048		$	1,880,611		$	1,455,503		$	28,909		$	6,541,548


	December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	5,104		$	35		$	—		$	42		$	—		$	49		$	5,230
Collectively evaluated for impairment	14,948			10,187			5,311			8,458			12,211			66			51,181
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	151			7			—			110			—			—			268
Total ending allowance balance	$	20,203		$	10,229		$	5,311		$	8,610		$	12,211		$	115		$	56,679

Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	33,077		$	41,770		$	453		$	2,025		$	—		$	134		$	77,459
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,151,073			1,558,550			330,106			1,888,088			1,452,373			29,424			6,409,614
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality⁽¹⁾	960			9,093			1,140			2,613			2			523			14,331
Total ending loan balance	$	1,185,110		$	1,609,413		$	331,699		$	1,892,726		$	1,452,375		$	30,081		$	6,501,404

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	15.43		%	0.08		%	—		%	2.07		%	—		%	36.57		%	6.75		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.30		%	0.65		%	1.61		%	0.45		%	0.84		%	0.22		%	0.80		%
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	15.73		%	0.08		%	—		%	4.21		%	—		%	—		%	1.87		%
Total	1.70		%	0.64		%	1.60		%	0.45		%	0.84		%	0.38		%	0.87		%

Recorded investment:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	33,088		$	41,791		$	453		$	2,025		$	—		$	134		$	77,491
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,155,449			1,564,011			331,161			1,891,941			1,456,687			29,444			6,428,693
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ⁽¹⁾	966			9,182			1,143			2,625			2			523			14,441
Total ending recorded investment	$	1,189,503		$	1,614,984		$	332,757		$	1,896,591		$	1,456,689		$	30,101		$	6,520,625

⁽¹⁾ Excludes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which are individually evaluated for impairment due to additional credit deterioration or modification post acquisition. These loans had a balance of $5,000, a recorded investment of $6,000, and no allowance as of December 31, 2019.