Allowance for Loan Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Allowance For Loan Losses [Abstract]

The allowance for loan losses is that amount management believes is adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors including the overall growth in the loan portfolio, an analysis of individual loans, prior and current loss experience, and current economic conditions. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors as discussed within Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risks and trends which may not be recognized in historical data. Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2019, incorporating annualized net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2019. With the addition of 2019 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 120 months from 108 months. The 120 month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.

For all loan types, management considers the following factors in determining loan collectability and the appropriate level of the allowance:

•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, including:

◦Trends (e.g., growth, reduction) in specific categories of the loan portfolio, as well as adjustments to the types of loans offered by PNB and GFSC.

◦Level of and trend in loan delinquencies, troubled loans, commercial watch list and impaired loans.

◦Level of and trend in new nonaccrual loans.

◦Level of and trend in loan charge-offs and recoveries.

•Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.

•Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio.

•The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio.

The following are factors management reviews specifically for commercial loans on a quarterly or annual basis.

•Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. This loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the credit being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.

•Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.

•Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. Certain environmental loss factors were determined to correlate with higher charge-offs while other adjustments are based on a subjective evaluation of other environmental loss factors. Environmental factors applicable to the commercial loan portfolio include: the Ohio unemployment rate, the 10-year Treasury index, the consumer confidence index, the prevalence of fixed rate loans in the portfolio and other environmental factors. In evaluating the ongoing relevance and amount of the other environmental factors, management considers: changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices, changes in national and local economic and business conditions, and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio. All of these factors are evaluated in relation to the historical look back period. At December 31, 2019, such subjective environmental loss factor inputs accounted for approximately one half of the allowance for loan losses driven by environmental loss factors.

These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. No changes were deemed necessary to the environmental factors in the fourth quarter of 2019.

The activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 is summarized in the following tables.


	Year ended December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	16,777	$	9,768	$	4,463	$	8,731	$	11,773	$	—	$	51,512
Charge-offs	2,231		400		—		239		8,307		—		11,177
Recoveries	(1,241)		(720)		(2,682)		(787)		(4,742)		(1)		(10,173)
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	990		(320)		(2,682)		(548)		3,565		(1)		1,004
Provision (Recovery)	4,416		141		(1,834)		(669)		4,003		114		6,171
Ending balance	$	20,203	$	10,229	$	5,311	$	8,610	$	12,211	115		$	56,679


	Year ended December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	15,022	$	9,601	$	4,430	$	9,321	$	11,614	$	—	$	49,988
Charge-offs	2,796		281		72		441		9,962		—		13,552
Recoveries	(1,221)		(272)		(712)		(844)		(4,078)		(4)		(7,131)
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	1,575		9		(640)		(403)		5,884		(4)		6,421
Provision (Recovery)	3,330		176		(607)		(993)		6,043		(4)		7,945
Ending balance	$	16,777	$	9,768	$	4,463	$	8,731	$	11,773	$	—	$	51,512


	Year ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial and agricultural		Commercial real estate		Construction real estate		Residential real estate		Consumer		Leases		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	13,434	$	10,432	$	5,247	$	10,958	$	10,553	$	—	$	50,624
Charge-offs	6,017		1,798		105		1,208		10,275		—		19,403
Recoveries	(809)		(810)		(2,124)		(1,863)		(4,603)		(1)		(10,210)
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	5,208		988		(2,019)		(655)		5,672		(1)		9,193
Provision (Recovery)	6,796		157		(2,836)		(2,292)		6,733		(1)		8,557
Ending balance	$	15,022	$	9,601	$	4,430	$	9,321	$	11,614	$	—	$	49,988

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all impaired loans internally classified as commercial loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018, which are evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies).

The composition of the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:


	December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial, and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	5,104		$	35		$	—		$	42		$	—		$	49		$	5,230
Collectively evaluated for impairment	14,948			10,187			5,311			8,458			12,211			66			51,181
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	151			7			—			110			—			—			268
Total ending allowance balance	$	20,203		$	10,229		$	5,311		$	8,610		$	12,211		$	115		$	56,679

Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	33,077		$	41,770		$	453		$	2,025		$	—		$	134		$	77,459
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,151,073			1,558,550			330,106			1,888,088			1,452,373			29,424			6,409,614
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ⁽¹⁾	960			9,093			1,140			2,613			2			523			14,331
Total ending loan balance	$	1,185,110		$	1,609,413		$	331,699		$	1,892,726		$	1,452,375		$	30,081		$	6,501,404

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	15.43		%	0.08		%	—		%	2.07		%	—		%	36.57		%	6.75		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.30		%	0.65		%	1.61		%	0.45		%	0.84		%	0.22		%	0.80		%
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	15.73		%	0.08		%	—		%	4.21		%	—		%	—		%	1.87		%
Total	1.70		%	0.64		%	1.60		%	0.45		%	0.84		%	0.38		%	0.87		%

Recorded investment:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	33,088		$	41,791		$	453		$	2,025		$	—		$	134		$	77,491
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,155,449			1,564,011			331,161			1,891,941			1,456,687			29,444			6,428,693
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ⁽¹⁾	966			9,182			1,143			2,625			2			523			14,441
Total ending recorded investment	$	1,189,503		$	1,614,984		$	332,757		$	1,896,591		$	1,456,689		$	30,101		$	6,520,625

⁽¹⁾ Excludes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which are individually evaluated for impairment due to additional credit deterioration post acquisition. These loans had a balance of $5,000, a recorded investment of $6,000, and zero allowance as of December 31, 2019.


	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Commercial, financial, and agricultural			Commercial real estate			Construction real estate			Residential real estate			Consumer			Leases			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,169		$	86		$	—		$	18		$	—		$	—		$	2,273
Collectively evaluated for impairment	14,608			9,682			4,463			8,713			11,773			—			49,239
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total ending allowance balance	$	16,777		$	9,768		$	4,463		$	8,731		$	11,773		$	—		$	51,512

Loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	15,119		$	28,418		$	1,866		$	2,732		$	—		$	—		$	48,135
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,057,520			1,251,579			245,909			1,790,637			1,292,136			2,273			5,640,054
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ⁽¹⁾	147			3,048			499			249			—			—			3,943
Total ending loan balance	$	1,072,786		$	1,283,045		$	248,274		$	1,793,618		$	1,292,136		$	2,273		$	5,692,132

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	14.35		%	0.30		%	—		%	0.66		%	—		%	—		%	4.72		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.38		%	0.77		%	1.81		%	0.49		%	0.91		%	—		%	0.87		%
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%
Total	1.56		%	0.76		%	1.80		%	0.49		%	0.91		%	—		%	0.90		%

Recorded investment:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	15,120		$	28,426		$	1,866		$	2,732		$	—		$	—		$	48,144
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1,062,121			1,256,310			246,864			1,794,207			1,295,892			2,299			5,657,693
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ⁽¹⁾	148			3,059			503			251			—			—			3,961
Total ending recorded investment	$	1,077,389		$	1,287,795		$	249,233		$	1,797,190		$	1,295,892		$	2,299		$	5,709,798

⁽¹⁾ Excludes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which are individually evaluated for impairment due to additional credit deterioration post acquisition. These loans had a balance of $475,000, a recorded investment of $475,000, and zero allowance as of December 31, 2018.