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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES.  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings. We are involved in a number of contingencies incidental to the normal conduct of our business including lawsuits, claims and environmental contingencies. The outcome of these contingencies is inherently unpredictable. However, we believe that, in the aggregate, the outcome of all known contingencies including lawsuits, claims and environmental contingencies will not have a material adverse effect on our financial statements; however, such outcome may be material to the financial statements of any particular period in which costs, if any, are recognized. We anticipate that the resolution of many contingencies, and in particular environmental contingencies, will occur over an extended period of time. Our assessment of the potential impact of these environmental contingencies is subject to uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation of such environmental contingencies, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments. In addition, the impact of evolving programs, such as natural resource damage claims, industrial site reuse initiatives and state remediation programs, also adds to the uncertainty of the ultimate resolution of these environmental contingencies.

Environmental Matters. It is our policy to accrue expenses for environmental contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Reserves for environmental liabilities do not include any potential offsets related to claims against third parties. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 we had reserves for environmental contingencies totaling $52.1 million and $7.2 million, respectively of which $3.8 million and nil, respectively, were classified as current liabilities.

Our reserve at March 31, 2013 included approximately $15.0 million for environmental contingencies related to onsite remediation at the Lake Charles, Louisiana facility that we acquired as part of the Merged Business (the "Lake Charles South Facility"), approximately $14.1 million for environmental contingencies related to remediation activities at our Natrium, West Virginia facility (the "Natrium Facility") and approximately $14.0 million for environmental contingencies associated with the Calcasieu River Estuary located near our Lake Charles, Louisiana facilities. Our reserve at December 31, 2012 included approximately $7.2 million associated with four plant site locations. Pre-tax charges against income for environmental remediation costs in both the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 were approximately $1 million. Management expects cash outlays for environmental remediation to range from $10 million to $20 million per year, through 2015 and $3 million to $5 million per year from 2016 through 2017, due to management's expectation that most of the remediation costs associated with the Calcasieu River Estuary will be incurred during the period of 2013 through 2015.

At our Lake Charles South Facility, we are engaged in ongoing remediation of groundwater and soil in connection with our corrective action permit issued pursuant to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments ("HSWA") of the Resource Conservation and Recycling Act ("RCRA"). These remedial activities consists primarily of the operation of a series of well water treatment systems across the Lake Charles South Facility. In addition, remediation of possible soil contamination will be conducted in certain areas. These remedial activities are expected to continue for an extended period of time. As of March 31, 2013, we had an accrual of approximately $15.0 million established in connection with these ongoing remediation activities.

At our Natrium Facility, we have implemented remedial actions to address specific National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ("NPDES") permit requirements related to hexachlorocyclohexane, which is commonly referred to as BHC. We expect that these remedial actions will be in place for an extended period of time. In addition, as a result of a variance issued by the Ohio River Sanitation Commission, related to mercury concentrations in wastewater discharges, we will be required to conduct sampling in and around the Ohio River adjacent to the Natrium Facility for several years. As part of the assessment of our environmental contingencies assumed in connection with the Transactions, we have determined certain assessment and remediation costs associated with these activities to be probable and estimable and have established an accrual of $14.1 million, in the aggregate, for these matters.

In Lake Charles, Louisiana we and various governmental agencies including the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality ("LDEQ") have been evaluating elevated levels of risk in the Calcasieu River Estuary for more than a decade. Principal contaminants of concern, which may require remediation, include various metals, dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls. The LDEQ has issued a final decision document for the Bayou d'Inde area of the Calcasieu River Estuary, which includes the LDEQ's selection of remedial alternatives. LDEQ has also proposed entering into a Cooperative Agreement with the Company and certain other parties covering the implementation of the remediation. We are currently discussing the Cooperative Agreement with the LDEQ and the other parties and we expect to resolve the Cooperative Agreement with LDEQ and the other parties in the near term. Remedy implementation could begin in 2013 and would continue for a number of years thereafter with a period of monitoring for remedy effectiveness to follow remediation. The estimated costs to the Company associated with the Cooperative Agreement are consistent with the amounts currently reserved for this project. However, multiple future events, such as remedy design and implementation and the final allocation of responsibility among the various parties will be required, and considerable uncertainty exists regarding the timing of future events. As of March 31, 2013, we had an accrual of $14.0 million established for remediation activities associated with the Calcasieu River Estuary.

There are several environmental issues at the Lake Charles, Louisiana facility that we operated prior to the Transactions (the "Lake Charles North Facility"), which we acquired from CONDEA Vista Company ("CONDEA Vista," which is now known as Sasol North America, Inc.) in 1999, and substantial investigation of the groundwater at the site has been conducted. Groundwater contamination was first identified in 1981, and the principal contaminants include ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer. The site currently contains an extensive network of monitoring wells and recovery wells. While CONDEA Vista has agreed to retain responsibility for substantially all environmental liabilities and remediation activity relating to the vinyl business we acquired from it, including our Lake Charles North Facility, we are responsible for a portion of such expenses, and had a $3.0 million accrual in other non-current liabilities as of March 31, 2013 for certain remediation costs.

Environmental Remediation: Reasonably Possible Matters. In addition to the amounts currently reserved for environmental remediation, we may be subject to loss contingencies related to environmental matters that at this time are not estimable. Such unreserved losses are reasonably possible but are not currently considered to be probable of occurrence. This reasonably possible unreserved loss relates to environmental matters at several sites. The loss contingencies related to these sites include unresolved issues such as the nature and extent of contamination at these sites and the methods that may have to be employed to remediate them. Initial remedial actions are occurring with respect to these matters at two plant sites: the Lake Charles South Facility and the Natrium Facility. At the Lake Charles South Facility, we have completed a Facility Investigation and Corrective Measure Study ("CMS") under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ("USEPA") RCRA Corrective Action Program under the oversight of the LDEQ. The LDEQ has accepted the proposed remedial alternatives. We received notice of the LDEQ's issuance of the final Hazardous Waste Post-Closure/HSWA Permit on June 28, 2010. The Permit was issued in final form on September 23, 2010. Planning for implementation of these proposed alternatives is in progress.

At the Natrium Facility, investigation has been completed and initial interim remedial measures have been implemented to mitigate soil impacts. There is additional investigation of groundwater contamination ongoing which may indicate the need for further remedial actions to address specific areas of the facility. Installation of a groundwater treatment system has been completed.

As part of the ongoing RCRA Corrective Action investigation for groundwater, the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection ("WVDEP") and the USEPA Agency Region III requested that PPG perform, and PPG agreed to perform, sampling of sediment pore-water in the Ohio River adjacent to the Natrium Facility to assess the potential for offsite migration of contaminated groundwater. Sampling was performed in August 2012 and the results were submitted to the WVDEP and the USEPA Agency Region III on December 31, 2012. Under the terms of the Separation Agreement, PPG retained all liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from contamination in the Ohio River which was the subject of or related to, directly or indirectly, sediment sampling conducted or to be conducted by or on behalf of PPG (along with any associated follow-up sampling or testing).