Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The calculation of the effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	23,645		$	2,918		$	36,232		$	(774)
Income tax provision (benefit)	5,191			(6,143)			8,142			(5,772)
Net income	$	18,454		$	9,061		$	28,090		$	4,998
Effective tax rate	22		%	(211)		%	22		%	746		%

Our income tax provision reflects an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of 22% for both the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 compared to an income tax benefit that reflects an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of negative 211% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 746% for the nine months ended June 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2023 approximated the U.S. federal statutory rate. The favorable impacts of the estimated Research and Development Tax Credit (R&D Tax Credit) and the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in the UK that have been fully reserved with a valuation allowance were offset by state income tax expense, certain nondeductible expenses and an income inclusion related to U.S. global intangible income.

We record and maintain valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets of various foreign jurisdictions until sufficient evidence is available to demonstrate that it is more-likely-than-not that the net deferred tax assets will be recognized. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. Given our current earnings and anticipated future earnings in the UK, we believe that there is a possibility that within the next 12 months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the UK valuation allowance will no longer be needed. A release in the valuation allowance would result in recognition of certain net deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that we believe we may be able to achieve.

During the period ended June 30, 2022, management determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that Canadian net deferred tax assets were realizable. The valuation allowance was released accordingly, and a $5.9 million tax benefit and corresponding increase in the deferred tax asset were recorded. The tax benefit for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2022 was also impacted by a discrete item related to the gain recognized from the disposition of a small, non-core division of our Canadian operations. This gain on the disposal resulted in tax expense of $0.4 million.