10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

Form 10-Q 

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-12488 

Powell Industries, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	88-0106100
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8550 Mosley Road
Houston
Texas	77075-1180
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(713) 944-6900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	POWL	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes     ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No

At August 3, 2020, there were 11,614,613 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

1

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Part I — Financial Information	3
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	30
Part II — Other Information	31
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A. Risk Factors	31
Item 6. Exhibits	32
Signatures	33

2

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	156,026		$	118,639
Short-term investments	7,330			6,042
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $434 and $301	97,144			112,093
Contract assets	51,723			55,374
Inventories	31,663			29,202
Income taxes receivable	373			233
Prepaid expenses	4,009			4,335
Other current assets	1,883			2,650
Total Current Assets	350,151			328,568
Property, plant and equipment, net	114,826			120,812
Operating lease assets, net	5,542			—
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,205			1,337
Deferred income taxes	3,477			5,117
Other assets	11,997			11,577
Total Assets	$	487,198		$	467,411
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	400		$	400
Accounts payable	38,512			51,180
Contract liabilities	97,969			71,464
Accrued compensation and benefits	18,618			20,182
Accrued product warranty	3,011			2,946
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306			—
Income taxes payable	425			913
Other current liabilities	9,258			10,811
Total Current Liabilities	170,499			157,896
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	400			800
Deferred compensation	6,524			6,447
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870			—
Other long-term liabilities	2,334			3,115
Total Liabilities	183,627			168,258
Commitments and Contingencies (Note F)
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—			—
Common stock, par value $.01; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 12,420,631 and 12,372,766 shares issued, respectively	124			124
Additional paid-in capital	60,927			59,153
Retained earnings	294,052			289,422
Treasury stock, 806,018 shares at cost	(24,999		)	(24,999		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(26,533		)	(24,547		)
Total Stockholders' Equity	303,571			299,153
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	487,198		$	467,411

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues	$	118,062		$	135,588		$	403,781		$	368,676
Cost of goods sold	96,718			111,873			330,926			310,255
Gross profit	21,344			23,715			72,855			58,421
Selling, general and administrative expenses	15,511			17,117			51,372			50,240
Research and development expenses	1,605			1,631			4,863			4,988
Amortization of intangible assets	44			44			132			132
Insurance proceeds	—			(950		)	—			(950		)
Restructuring and other, net	1,400			233			1,400			233
Operating income	2,784			5,640			15,088			3,778
Interest expense	52			59			179			170
Interest income	(190		)	(305		)	(901		)	(707		)
Income before income taxes	2,922			5,886			15,810			4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559		)	797			2,133			963
Net income	$	3,481		$	5,089		$	13,677		$	3,352
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.30		$	0.44		$	1.18		$	0.29
Diluted	$	0.30		$	0.44		$	1.17		$	0.29
Weighted average shares:
Basic	11,631			11,579			11,622			11,567
Diluted	11,698			11,603			11,686			11,589
Dividends per share	$	0.26		$	0.26		$	0.78		$	0.78

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020			2019
Net income	$	3,481	$	5,089	$	13,677		$	3,352
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,543		952		(1,986		)	(1,416		)
Comprehensive income	$	6,024	$	6,041	$	11,691		$	1,936

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

															Accumulated
				Additional											Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in			Retained			Treasury Stock					Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Capital			Earnings			Shares		Amount			Income/(Loss)			Totals
Balance, September 30, 2019	12,373	$	124	$	59,153		$	289,422		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(24,547	)	$	299,153
Net income	—	—		—			2,775			—		—			—			2,775
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			2,387			2,387
Stock-based compensation	30	—		982			—			—		—			—			982
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	—	—		(611		)	—			—		—			—			(611		)
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(3,013		)	—		—			—			(3,013		)
Balance, December 31, 2019	12,403	$	124	$	59,524		$	289,184		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(22,160	)	$	301,673
Net income	—	—		—			7,421			—		—			—			7,421
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			(6,916		)	(6,916		)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		968			—			—		—			—			968
Issuance of restricted stock	17	—		—			—			—		—			—			—
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(3,015		)	—		—			—			(3,015		)
Balance, March 31, 2020	12,420	$	124	$	60,492		$	293,590		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(29,076	)	$	300,131
Net income	—	—		—			3,481			—		—			—			3,481
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			2,543			2,543
Stock-based compensation	1	—		441			—			—		—			—			441
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	—	—		(6		)	—			—		—			—			(6		)
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(3,019		)	—		—			—			(3,019		)
Balance, June 30, 2020	12,421	$	124	$	60,927		$	294,052		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(26,533	)	$	303,571

6

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

															Accumulated
				Additional											Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in			Retained			Treasury Stock					Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Capital			Earnings			Shares		Amount			Income/(Loss)			Totals
Balance, September 30, 2018	12,281	$	123	$	56,769		$	291,530		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(21,779	)	$	301,644
Net loss	—	—		—			(2,695		)	—		—			—			(2,695		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			(4,088		)	(4,088		)
Stock-based compensation	41	—		1,220			—			—		—			—			1,220
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	—	—		(731		)	—			—		—			—			(731		)
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(2,992		)	—		—			—			(2,992		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	12,322	$	123	$	57,258		$	285,843		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(25,867	)	$	292,358
Net income	—	—		—			958			—		—			—			958
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			1,720			1,720
Stock-based compensation	17	1		669			—			—		—			—			670
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	—	—		(416		)	—			—		—			—			(416		)
Issuance of restricted stock	14	—		—			—			—		—			—			—
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(2,996		)	—		—			—			(2,996		)
Balance, March 31, 2019	12,353	$	124	$	57,511		$	283,805		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(24,147	)	$	292,294
Net income	—	—		—			5,089			—		—			—			5,089
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—			—			—		—			952			952
Stock-based compensation	6	—		331			—			—		—			—			331
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	—	—		(4		)	—			—		—			—			(4		)
Dividends paid	—	—		—			(3,003		)	—		—			—			(3,003		)
Balance, June 30, 2019	12,359	$	124	$	57,838		$	285,891		(806	)	$	(24,999	)	$	(23,195	)	$	295,659

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	13,677		$	3,352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,878			9,408
Stock-based compensation	2,391			2,220
Bad debt expense	187			126
Deferred income taxes	1,640			(1,023		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	14,268			(16,350		)
Contract assets and liabilities, net	30,150			42,954
Inventories	(2,534		)	(8,202		)
Income taxes	(628		)	6,439
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,071			(1,330		)
Accounts payable	(11,264		)	(2,174		)
Accrued liabilities	(2,305		)	(3,051		)
Other, net	(1,131		)	1,566
Net cash provided by operating activities	53,400			33,935
Investing Activities:
Purchases of short-term investments	(7,330		)	(5,869		)
Maturities of short-term investments	6,146			13,088
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net	(4,274		)	(3,210		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(5,458		)	4,009
Financing Activities:
Payments on industrial development revenue bonds	(400		)	(400		)
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(617		)	(1,151		)
Dividends paid	(9,047		)	(8,991		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,064		)	(10,542		)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	37,878			27,402
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(491		)	(542		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	118,639			61,725
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	156,026		$	88,585

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

A. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Overview

Powell Industries, Inc. (we, us, our, Powell or the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2004 as a successor to a Nevada company incorporated in 1968. The Nevada company was the successor to a company founded by William E. Powell in 1947, which merged into the Company in 1977. Our major subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned, include: Powell Electrical Systems, Inc.; Powell (UK) Limited; Powell Canada Inc. and Powell Industries International, B.V.

We develop, design, manufacture and service custom-engineered equipment and systems for the distribution, control and monitoring of electrical energy. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, we serve the oil and gas markets, including onshore and offshore oil and gas production, pipeline, refining and liquid natural gas terminals, as well as petrochemical, electric utility, light rail traction power and other heavy industrial markets.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Oil and Gas Commodity Market Volatility on Powell

The spread of COVID-19 has created significant uncertainty and economic disruption across the world during the second half of Fiscal 2020. This pandemic has negatively impacted energy demand, which in turn has resulted in considerable volatility across the oil and gas commodity markets. As a result, some of our industrial customers are deferring or suspending their planned capital expenditures. Certain of our customers have asked that we delay our manufacturing on their projects as their operations have been negatively impacted by this pandemic and the reduced oil and gas demand. We continue to work with and review the contracts with our key suppliers who have been impacted by this pandemic to ensure that we are able to meet our customer commitments.

From an operations standpoint, although our facilities are located in areas that have been or continue to be subject to stay-at-home orders, we have not closed any of our facilities for an extended amount of time and have continued to operate as an "essential business" under these orders across all of our locations. We continue to take the necessary steps to ensure the safety of our employees, customers and vendors. These steps include, among others, promoting increased social distancing practices and enhanced cleaning efforts in our offices and facilities. We are also using technology across our operations to further enhance social distancing and improve safety. These increased safety precautions may have an adverse impact on our efficiency and productivity going forward.

As a result of the circumstances noted above, we anticipate that a decrease in commercial activity will negatively impact our business, results of operations and cash flows going forward. We have and may need to continue to adjust our workforce and labor costs to correspond to the reduced customer demand. We will take prudent measures to maintain our strong liquidity and cash position, which may include reducing our capital expenditures and research and development costs, as well as reducing or eliminating future dividend payments. However, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic specifically will impact our business will depend on numerous factors that are hard to predict, some of which include: the duration, spread and severity of the pandemic; governmental actions in response to the pandemic, including travel restrictions and quarantine or related governmental orders; any closures of our offices and facilities or those of our suppliers as a result of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows is not currently known.

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Powell and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows with respect to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year. We believe that these financial statements contain all adjustments necessary so that they are not misleading.

9

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Powell and its subsidiaries included in Powell’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on December 5, 2019.

References to Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 used throughout this report shall mean our fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. The most significant estimates used in our condensed consolidated financial statements affect revenue recognition and estimated cost recognition on our customer contracts, the allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, warranty accruals and income taxes. The amounts recorded for warranties, legal, income taxes, impairment of long-lived assets (when applicable) and other contingent liabilities require judgments regarding the amount of expenses that will ultimately be incurred. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions, as well as the specific circumstances surrounding these contingent liabilities, in evaluating the amount of liability that should be recorded. Additionally, the recognition of deferred tax assets requires estimates related to future income and other assumptions regarding timing and future profitability because the ultimate realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Estimates routinely change as new events occur, additional information becomes available or operating environments change. Actual results may differ from our prior estimates.

New Accounting Standards

Effective October 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard and recorded operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $7.0 million and determined that no adjustment to retained earnings was necessary. Financial results for reporting periods after October 1, 2019 are reported under the new standard; however financial results for prior periods were not adjusted and will continue to be presented in accordance with the previous standard. Upon adoption, we elected a package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed for the historical classification of our existing leases to carryforward. Additionally, we elected to separate non-lease components for our real estate and IT infrastructure asset classes. All other asset classes account for both lease and non-lease components in the operating lease asset and operating lease liability calculations. See Note I for further discussion of leases.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new topic on measurement of credit losses. The topic introduces an impairment model known as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model that is based on an expected loss methodology rather than an incurred loss methodology for financial instruments. Under the new topic, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses with the intention of improving financial reporting by requiring timelier recognition of such losses. Enhanced disclosure of information regarding how a company developed its allowance, including changes in the factors that influenced management's estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes, will be required upon adoption. The new topic is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This would be our fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. We are still evaluating the impact this new topic will have on our consolidated financial statements.

B. Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common and potential common share includes the weighted average of additional shares associated with the incremental effect of dilutive restricted stock and restricted stock units, as prescribed by the FASB guidance on earnings per share.

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The following table reconciles basic and diluted weighted average shares used in the computation of earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	3,481	$	5,089	$	13,677	$	3,352
Denominator:
Weighted average basic shares	11,631		11,579		11,622		11,567
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units	67		24		64		22
Weighted average diluted shares	11,698		11,603		11,686		11,589
Income per share:
Basic	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.18	$	0.29
Diluted	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.17	$	0.29

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C. Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	300		$	214		$	301		$	157
Bad debt expense	136			25			187			126
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries	(2		)	(31		)	(57		)	(74		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	—			(3		)	3			(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	434		$	205		$	434		$	205

Inventories

The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Raw materials, parts and sub-assemblies, net	$	30,481	$	28,102
Work-in-progress	1,182		1,100
Total inventories	$	31,663	$	29,202

Accrued Product Warranty

Activity in our product warranty accrual consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,276		$	2,986		$	2,946		$	2,604
Increase in warranty expense	276			945			1,904			2,572
Deduction for warranty charges	(555		)	(754		)	(1,826		)	(1,992		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	14			3			(13		)	(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,011		$	3,180		$	3,011		$	3,180

D. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The majority of our revenues are generated from the manufacturing of custom-engineered products and systems under long-term fixed-price contracts under which we agree to manufacture various products such as traditional and arc-resistant distribution switchgear and control gear, medium-voltage circuit breakers, monitoring and control communications systems, motor control centers and bus duct systems. These products may be sold separately as an engineered solution, but are typically integrated into custom-built enclosures which we also build. These enclosures are referred to as power control room substations (PCRs®), custom-engineered modules or electrical houses (E-Houses). Some contracts may also include the installation and the commissioning of these enclosures.

Revenue from these contracts is generally recognized over time utilizing the cost-to-cost method to measure the extent of progress toward the completion of the performance obligation and the recognition of revenue over time. We believe that this method is the most accurate representation of our performance, because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer over time as we incur costs on our contracts. Contract costs include all direct materials, labor, and indirect costs related to contract performance, which may include indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs.

We also have contracts to provide value-added services such as field service inspection, installation, commissioning, modification and repair, as well as retrofit and retrofill components for existing systems. As a practical expedient, if the service contract terms give us the right to invoice the customer for an amount that corresponds directly with the value of our performance completed to date (i.e., a service contract in which we bill a fixed amount for each hour of service provided), then we recognize revenue over

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time in each reporting period corresponding to the amount with which we have the right to invoice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as the work progresses. Revenues from our custom-engineered products and value-added services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 95% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 93% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

We also have sales orders for spare parts and replacement circuit breakers for switchgear that are obsolete or that are no longer produced by the original manufacturer. Revenues from these sales orders are recognized at the time we fulfill our performance obligation to the customer, which is typically upon shipment and represented approximately 5% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 7% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Additionally, some contracts may contain a cancellation clause that could limit the amount of revenue we are able to recognize over time. In these instances, revenue and costs associated with these contracts are deferred and recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is fulfilled.

Selling and administrative costs incurred in relation to obtaining a contract are typically expensed as incurred. We periodically utilize a third-party sales agent to obtain a contract and will pay a commission to that agent. We record the full commission liability to the third-party sales agents at the order date, with a corresponding deferred asset. As the project progresses, we record commission expense based on percentage of completion rates that correlate to the project and reduce the deferred asset. Once we have been paid by the customer, we pay the commission and the deferred liability is reduced.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract or with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition for contracts, we evaluate whether a contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation or, less commonly, whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one performance obligation. This evaluation of performance obligations requires significant judgment. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation where multiple engineered products and services are combined into a single custom-engineered solution. Our contracts generally include a standard assurance warranty that typically ends 18 months after shipment. Occasionally, we provide service-type warranties that will extend the warranty period. These extended warranties qualify as a separate performance obligation, and revenue is deferred and recognized over the warranty period. If we determine during the evaluation of the contract that there are multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, which we refer to as backlog, represent the estimated transaction price for goods and services for which we have a material right but work has not been performed. As of June 30, 2020, we had backlog of $532.2 million, of which approximately $342.4 million is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results as orders may be cancelled or modified by our customers. Our backlog does not include service and maintenance-type contracts for which we have the right to invoice as services are performed.

Contract Estimates

Actual revenues and project costs may vary from previous estimates due to changes in a variety of factors. The cost estimation process is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, project managers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, and the effect of any delays on our project performance. We periodically review our job performance, job conditions, estimated profitability and final contract settlements, including our estimate of total costs and make revisions to costs and income in the period in which the revisions are probable and reasonably estimable. Whenever revisions of estimated contract costs and contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, our operating results were positively impacted by $10.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, as a result of changes in contract estimates related to projects in progress at the beginning of the respective period. These changes in estimates spread across the entire portfolio with no significant changes in a single contract and resulted primarily from favorable project execution and negotiations of variable consideration, discussed below, as well as other changes in facts and circumstances during these periods.

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Variable Consideration

It is common for our long-term contracts to contain variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Due to the nature of our contracts, estimating total cost and revenue can be complex and subject to variability due to change orders, back charges, spare parts, early completion bonuses, customer allowances and liquidated damages. We estimate the amount of variable consideration based on the expected value method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amount, or the most likely amount method which uses various factors including experience with similar transactions and assessment of our anticipated performance. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if legally enforceable and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

Contract Modifications

Contracts may be modified for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the enforceable rights and obligations under the contract. Most of our contract modifications are for goods and services that are not distinct from the existing performance obligation. Contract modifications result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue based on our measure of progress for the performance obligation.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections affects accounts receivable, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (contract assets) and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts (contract liabilities) in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Contract assets are recorded when revenues are recognized in excess of amounts billed for fixed-price contracts as determined by the billing milestone schedule. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when billing milestones have been met, or we have an unconditional right to payment.

Contract liabilities typically represent advance payments from contractual billing milestones and billings in excess of revenue recognized. It is unusual to have advanced milestone payments with a term greater than one year, which could represent a financing component on the contract.

Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period and are generally classified as current.

Contract assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Contract assets	$	51,723		$	55,374
Contract liabilities	(97,969		)	(71,464		)
Net contract liability	$	(46,246	)	$	(16,090	)

The increase in net contract liability at June 30, 2020 from September 30, 2019 was primarily due to our progress towards completion on our projects and the timing of contract billing milestones and new orders. This increase was primarily driven by the timing of contract billing milestones related to our recent contract award for a large industrial project in the United States. To determine the amount of revenue recognized during the period from contract liabilities, we first allocate revenue to the individual contract liability balance outstanding at the beginning of the period until the revenue exceeds that balance. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized revenue of approximately $34.6 million and $67.1 million related to contract liabilities outstanding at September 30, 2019.

The timing of our invoice process is typically dependent on the completion of certain milestones and contract terms and subject to agreement by our customer. Payment is typically expected within 30 days of invoice. Any uncollected invoiced amounts for our performance obligations recognized over time, including contract retentions, are recorded as accounts receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain contracts contain retention provisions that become due upon completion of contractual requirements. As of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, accounts receivable included retention amounts of $6.7 million and $5.6 million, respectively. Of the retained amount at June 30, 2020, $5.6 million is expected to be collected in the next twelve months and is recorded in accounts receivable. The remaining $1.1 million is recorded in other assets.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present our disaggregated revenue by geographic destination and market sector for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	$	89,499	$	99,745	$	318,009	$	292,049
Canada	16,970		20,206		46,831		45,015
Europe, Middle East and Africa	6,422		9,659		25,404		20,608
Asia/Pacific	4,643		4,682		11,784		9,155
Mexico, Central and South America	528		1,296		1,753		1,849
Total revenues by geographic destination	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Oil and gas	$	45,851	$	62,356	$	157,798	$	167,954
Petrochemical	29,293		21,086		107,057		63,387
Electric utility	16,725		26,425		63,994		66,066
Traction power	9,122		7,423		31,417		18,457
All others	17,071		18,298		43,515		52,812
Total revenues by market sector	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

E. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Industrial development revenue bonds	$	800		$	1,200
Less: current portion	(400		)	(400		)
Total long-term debt	$	400		$	800

U.S. Revolver

On September 27, 2019, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (the " "U.S. Revolver"), which replaced our prior credit agreement. The U.S. Revolver is a $75.0 million revolving credit facility that is available for both borrowings and letters of credit and expires September 2024. As of June 30, 2020, there were no amounts borrowed under this facility and letters of credit outstanding were $33.1 million. There was $41.9 million available for the issuance of letters of credit and borrowings under the U.S. Revolver as of June 30, 2020.

We are required to maintain certain financial covenants, the most significant of which are a consolidated leverage ratio less than 3.0 to 1.0 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of greater than 3.0 to 1.0. Additionally, we must maintain a consolidated cash balance of $30 million at all times. The U.S. Revolver also contains a "material adverse effect" clause which is a material change in our operations, business, properties, liabilities or condition (financial or otherwise) or a material impairment of our ability to perform our obligations under our credit agreements. As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the U.S. Revolver.

The U.S. Revolver allows the Company to elect that any borrowing under the facility bear an interest rate based on either the base rate or the eurocurrency rate, in each case, plus the applicable rate. The base rate is generally the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the Bank of America prime rate or (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.00%. The applicable rate is generally a range from (0.25)% to 1.75% depending on the type of loan and the Company's consolidated leverage ratio.

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The U.S. Revolver is collateralized by a pledge of 100% of the voting capital stock of each of our domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting capital stock of each non-domestic subsidiary. The U.S. Revolver provides for customary events of default and carries cross-default provisions with other existing debt agreements. If an event of default (as defined in the U.S. Revolver) occurs and is continuing, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the U.S. Revolver, amounts and letters of credit outstanding under the U.S. Revolver may be accelerated and may become immediately due and payable.

Industrial Development Revenue Bonds

We borrowed $8.0 million in October 2001 through a loan agreement funded with proceeds from tax-exempt industrial development revenue bonds (Bonds). These Bonds were issued by the Illinois Development Finance Authority and were used for the completion of our Northlake, Illinois facility. Pursuant to the Bond issuance, a reimbursement agreement between us and a major domestic bank required an issuance by the bank of an irrevocable direct-pay letter of credit (Bond LC), as collateral, to the Bonds’ trustee to guarantee payment of the Bonds’ principal and interest when due. The Bond LC is subject to both early termination and extension provisions customary to such agreements, as well as various covenants, for which we were in compliance at June 30, 2020. While the Bonds mature in 2021, the reimbursement agreement requires annual redemptions of $0.4 million that commenced on October 25, 2002. A sinking fund is used for the annual principal payment. The Bonds bear interest at a floating rate determined weekly by the Bonds’ remarketing agent, which was the underwriter for the Bonds and is an affiliate of the bank. This interest rate was 0.36% as of June 30, 2020.

F. Commitments and Contingencies

Letters of Credit, Surety Bonds and Bank Guarantees

Certain customers require us to post letters of credit, bank guarantees or surety bonds. These security instruments assure that we will perform under the terms of our contract. In the event of default, the counterparty may demand payment from the bank under a letter of credit or bank guarantee, or performance by the surety under a bond. To date, there have been no significant draws or claims related to security instruments for the periods reported. We were contingently liable for letters of credit of $33.1 million as of June 30, 2020. We also had surety bonds totaling $162.0 million that were outstanding, with additional bonding capacity of $588.0 million available, at June 30, 2020.

We have an $8.6 million facility agreement (Facility Agreement) between Powell (UK) Limited and a large international bank that provides Powell (UK) Limited the ability to enter into bank guarantees as well as forward exchange contracts and currency options. At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding guarantees totaling $7.9 million and amounts available under this Facility Agreement were $0.7 million. The Facility Agreement provides for financial covenants and customary events of default, and carries cross-default provisions with our U.S. Revolver. If an event of default (as defined in the Facility Agreement) occurs and is continuing, per the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, obligations outstanding under the Facility Agreement may be accelerated and declared immediately due and payable. As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the Facility Agreement.  

Litigation

We are involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from our commercial operations, projects, employees and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. Although we can give no assurances about the resolution of pending claims, litigation or other disputes and the effect such outcomes may have on us, management believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity.

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G. Stock-Based Compensation

Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 for a full description of our existing stock-based compensation plans.

Restricted Stock Units

We issue restricted stock units (RSUs) to certain officers and key employees of the Company. The fair value of the RSUs is based on the price of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on the grant dates. The typical annual grant vests over a three-year period from the date of issuance and is a blend of time-based and performance-based shares. The portion of the grant that is time-based typically vests over a three-year period on each anniversary of the grant date, based on continued employment. The performance-based shares vest based on the three-year earnings performance of the Company following the grant date. At June 30, 2020, there were 154,034 RSUs outstanding. The RSUs do not have voting rights but do receive dividend equivalents upon vesting. Additionally, the shares of common stock underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding until vested and common stock is issued.

Total RSU activity (number of shares) for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized below:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	131,850		$	33.76
Granted	70,500		38.53
Vested	(47,566	)	35.63
Forfeited/canceled	(750	)	33.16
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	154,034		35.37

During the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recorded compensation expense of $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, related to the RSUs. 

Restricted Stock

Each non-employee director receives 2,400 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock annually. Fifty-percent of the restricted stock granted to each of our non-employee directors vests immediately, while the remaining fifty-percent vests on the anniversary of the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized immediately for the first fifty-percent of the restricted stock granted, while compensation expense for the remaining fifty-percent is recognized over the remaining vesting period. In February 2020, 16,800 shares of restricted stock were issued to our non-employee directors under the 2014 Director Plan at a price of $36.25 per share. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recorded compensation expense of $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to restricted stock.  

H. Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as an “exit price” which represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability. The accounting guidance requires the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. As a basis for considering such assumptions and inputs, a fair value hierarchy has been established which identifies and prioritizes three levels of inputs to be used in measuring fair value.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 — Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, including: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data and require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at June 30, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	156,026	$	—	$	—	$	156,026
Short-term investments	7,330		—		—		7,330
Other assets	—		6,997		—		6,997
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,370		—		6,370

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at September 30, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,639	$	—	$	—	$	118,639
Short-term investments	6,042		—		—		6,042
Other assets	—		6,825		—		6,825
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,249		—		6,249

Fair value guidance requires certain fair value disclosures be presented in both interim and annual reports.  The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined using available market information and valuation methodologies described below.

Cash and cash equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents, primarily funds held in money market savings instruments, are reported at their current carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and are included in cash and cash equivalents in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Short-term Investments – Short-term investments include time deposits with original maturities of three months or more.

Other Assets/Deferred Compensation – We hold investments in an irrevocable Rabbi Trust for our deferred compensation plan. The assets are primarily related to company-owned life insurance policies and are included in other assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance sheets. Because the mutual funds and company-owned life insurance policies are combined in the plan, they are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The deferred compensation liability represents the investment options that the plan participants have designated to serve as the basis for measurement of the notional value of their accounts. Because the deferred compensation liability is intended to offset the plan assets, it is also categorized as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy.

There were no transfers between levels within the fair value measurement hierarchy during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

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I. Leases

Our leases consist primarily of office and manufacturing space, construction equipment and office equipment. All of our future lease obligations are related to non-cancelable operating leases. The most significant portion of our lease portfolio relates to leases of office and manufacturing facilities in Canada which we no longer occupy. We currently sublease the majority of these Canadian facilities. The following table provides a summary of lease cost components for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Lease Cost	Three months ended June 30, 2020			Nine months ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	571		$	1,779
Less: sublease income	(156		)	(393		)
Variable lease cost(1)	86			265
Short-term lease cost(2)	148			496
Total lease cost	$	649		$	2,147

⁽¹⁾ Variable lease cost represents common area maintenance charges related to our Canadian office space leases.

⁽²⁾ Short-term lease cost includes leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less.

We recognize operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities representing the present value of the remaining lease payments for leases with initial terms greater than twelve months. Leases with initial terms of twelve months or less are not recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our operating lease assets have been reduced by a lease accrual of $0.6 million related to certain unused facility leases in Canada. The following table provides a summary of the operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Operating Leases	June 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets, net	$	5,542
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870
Total lease liabilities	$	6,176

The following table provides the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	773
2021	2,414
2022	2,140
2023	1,109
2024	85
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments	6,521
Less: present value discount (imputed interest)	(345		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,176

The weighted average discount rate as of June 30, 2020 was 4.22%. The weighted average remaining lease term was 2.7 years at June 30, 2020.

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J. Income Taxes

The calculation of the effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income before income taxes	$	2,922		$	5,886		$	15,810		$	4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559		)	797			2,133			963
Net income	$	3,481		$	5,089		$	13,677		$	3,352
Effective tax rate	(19		)%	14		%	13		%	22		%

Our income tax (benefit) provision reflects an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of negative 19% for the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 compared to 14% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by the tax benefits related to the Research and Development Tax Credit (R&D Tax Credit) and the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. In addition, as a result of the expiration of certain U.S. federal statutes of limitations and the effective settlement of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit, $1.7 million of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits related to these matters was released. These benefits were partially offset by losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance. For the third quarter of Fiscal 2019, the effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the relative amounts of income recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance.

The effective tax rate of 13% for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by the current year estimated R&D Tax Credit as well as the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. Likewise, the discrete items recorded in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 in the amount of $1.7 million associated with the release of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitations and the IRS audit settlement favorably impacted the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate was negatively impacted by the discrete item recorded in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 for the valuation allowance against our UK deferred tax assets in the amount of $0.5 million as well as by the losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the effective tax rate of 22% approximated the U.S. federal statutory rate as the immaterial losses incurred by various foreign jurisdictions reserved with a valuation allowance had a minimal impact on the effective tax rate. There were no material discrete items recognized in the first nine months of Fiscal 2019.

During our assessment of deferred income taxes, in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, we recorded a valuation allowance of $0.5 million against our UK net deferred tax assets. In assessing the realizability of net deferred tax assets, we determined it was more-likely-than-not that the net deferred tax assets may not be realized based upon recent UK tax losses and anticipated results in the near term. Estimates may change as new events occur, estimates of future taxable income are reduced or increased, additional information becomes available, or operating environments change, which may result in a full or partial reversal of the valuation allowance.

Due to the expiration of certain federal statutes of limitations and the settlement of the IRS audit discussed above, management believes that, within the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will remain materially unchanged. We are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates regarding the timing of future cash outflows, if any, associated with the remaining unrecognized tax benefits for the open periods of Fiscal 2018 - 2020.

K. Separation Costs

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in oil and gas demand and volatility of commodity prices, we implemented workforce reductions at most of our locations. As a result, we recorded $1.4 million of separation costs in restructuring and other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

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L. Subsequent Events

Quarterly Dividend Declared

On August 4, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.26 per share. The dividend is payable on September 16, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 19, 2020.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We are including the following discussion to inform our existing and potential shareholders generally of some of the risks and uncertainties that can affect our Company and to take advantage of the “safe harbor” protection for forward-looking statements that applicable federal securities law affords.

From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential shareholders about our Company. These statements may include projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of specific projects and our future backlog, revenues, income, acquisitions and capital spending. Forward-looking statements include information concerning future results of operations and financial condition. Statements that contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “continue,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “will” or similar expressions may be forward-looking statements. In addition, sometimes we will specifically describe a statement as being a forward-looking statement and refer to this cautionary statement.

In addition, various statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those that express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report; we disclaim any obligation to update these statements unless required by securities law, and we caution you not to rely on them unduly. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While our management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the following:

Risk Factors Related to our Business and Industry

• Our business is subject to the cyclical nature of the end markets that we serve. This has had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our future operating results.

• Our industry is highly competitive.

• Technological innovations by competitors may make existing products and production methods obsolete.

• Unforeseen difficulties with expansions, relocations or consolidations of existing facilities could adversely affect our operations.

• Quality problems with our products could harm our reputation and erode our competitive position.

• Growth and product diversification through strategic acquisitions involves a number of risks.

• The departure of key personnel could disrupt our business.

• Our business requires skilled and unskilled labor, and we may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees.

• We are exposed to risks relating to the use of subcontractors on some of our projects.

• Misconduct by our employees or subcontractors, or a failure to comply with laws or regulations, could harm our reputation, damage our relationships with customers and subject us to criminal and civil enforcement actions.

• Unsatisfactory safety performance may subject us to penalties, negatively impact customer relationships, result in higher operating costs, and negatively impact employee morale and turnover.

• Catastrophic events, including natural disasters, health epidemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), acts of war and terrorism, among others, could disrupt our business. (See Part II - Other Information Item 1A. Risk Factors below.)

Risk Factors Related to our Financial Condition and Markets

• Economic uncertainty and financial market conditions may impact our customer base, suppliers and backlog.

• Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and, therefore, may not be a reliable indicator of our future earnings.

• Revenues recognized over time from our fixed-price contracts could result in volatility in our results of operations.

• Many of our contracts contain performance obligations that may subject us to penalties or additional liabilities.

• Fluctuations in the price and supply of materials used to manufacture our products may reduce our profits and could adversely impact our ability to meet commitments to our customers.

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• Obtaining surety bonds, letters of credit, bank guarantees, or other financial assurances, may be necessary for us to successfully bid on and obtain certain contracts.

• Failure to remain in compliance with covenants or obtain waivers or amendments under our credit agreement could adversely impact our business.

• We extend credit to customers in conjunction with our performance under fixed price contracts which subjects us to potential credit risks.

• We carry insurance against many potential liabilities, but our management of risk may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks.

• Our international operations expose us to risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the risks we are exposed to domestically and may adversely affect our operations.

• Failures or weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting could adversely affect our ability to report on our financial condition and results of operations accurately and/or on a timely basis.

• A failure in our business systems or cyber security attacks on any of our facilities, or those of third parties, could adversely affect our business and our internal controls.

Risk Factors Related to our Common Stock

• Our stock price could decline or fluctuate significantly due to unforeseen circumstances. These fluctuations may cause our stockholders to incur losses.

• There can be no assurance that we will declare or pay future dividends on our common stock.

Risk Factors Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

• Our operations could be adversely impacted by the effects of government regulations.

• Changes in tax laws and regulations may change our effective tax rate and could have a material effect on our financial results.

• Actual and potential claims, lawsuits and proceedings could ultimately reduce our profitability and liquidity and weaken our financial condition.

• Changes in and compliance with environmental laws could adversely impact our financial results.

• Provisions of our charter documents or Delaware law could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders, and could make it more difficult to change management.

• Significant developments arising from recent U.S. Government proposals concerning tariffs and other economic proposals could adversely impact our business.

We believe the items we have outlined above are important factors that could cause estimates included in our financial statements to differ materially from actual results and those expressed in a forward-looking statement made in this report or elsewhere by us or on our behalf.  We have discussed these factors in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019. These factors are not necessarily all of the factors that could affect us. Unpredictable or unanticipated factors we have not discussed in this report could also have material adverse effects on actual results. We do not intend to update our description of important factors each time a potential important factor arises, except as required by applicable securities laws and regulations. We advise our shareholders that they should (1) be aware that factors not referred to above could affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and (2) use caution when considering our forward-looking statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on December 5, 2019 and is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Overview

We develop, design, manufacture and service custom-engineered equipment and systems for the distribution, control and monitoring of electrical energy. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, we serve the oil and gas markets, including onshore and offshore oil and gas production, pipeline, refining and liquid natural gas terminals, as well as petrochemical, electric utility and light traction power. Revenues and costs are primarily related to custom engineered-to-order equipment and systems and are accounted for under percentage-of-completion accounting which precludes us from providing detailed price and volume information. Our backlog includes various projects that typically take a number of months to produce.

The markets in which we participate are capital-intensive and cyclical in nature. Cyclicality is predominantly driven by customer demand, global economic conditions and anticipated environmental, safety or regulatory changes which affect the manner in which our customers proceed with capital investments. Our customers analyze various factors including the demand and price for oil, gas and electrical energy, the overall economic and financial environment, governmental budgets, regulatory actions and environmental concerns. These factors influence the release of new capital projects by our customers, which are traditionally awarded in competitive bid situations. Scheduling of projects is matched to the customer requirements and projects typically take a number of months to produce. Schedules may change during the course of any particular project, and our operating results can, therefore, be impacted by factors outside of our control.

Within the industrial sector, specifically oil, gas and petrochemical, the demand for our electrical distribution solutions is very cyclical and highly correlated to the level of capital expenditures of our end user customers as well as prevailing global economic conditions.

Beginning in late Fiscal 2018, the combination of a growing global economy and abundant sources of favorably priced natural gas feedstock drove an increase in capital investment opportunities, specifically across the oil, gas and petrochemical sectors. We have seen opportunities for natural gas related projects targeting global demand for cleaner burning fuels. Additionally, projects within the domestic petrochemical sector have benefited from the low feedstock prices of natural gas. Specific to natural gas, the business was awarded a substantial contract in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 that will support the integrated electrical distribution requirements for a large domestic industrial complex. This specific project will take over three years to design, manufacture, integrate, test and ship.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Oil and Gas Commodity Market Volatility on Powell

The spread of COVID-19 has created significant uncertainty and economic disruption across the world during the second half of Fiscal 2020. This pandemic has negatively impacted energy demand, which in turn has resulted in considerable volatility across the oil and gas commodity markets. The demand for our products and services as well as our operations have been negatively impacted by COVID-19, reductions in oil and gas demand and volatility in commodity prices noted above.

From an operations standpoint, although our facilities are located in areas that have in the past been subject to stay-at-home orders, we have not closed any of our facilities for an extended period of time and have operated as an "essential business" under local government orders. However, as a result of the uncertainty our customers are experiencing, certain of our customers have asked that we delay our manufacturing on their projects as their operations have been negatively impacted by this pandemic and the reduced oil and gas demand. We have experienced supply disruptions and anticipate that these supply disruptions may continue. We continue to monitor and work with our suppliers who have been impacted by this pandemic to ensure we are able to meet our customer commitments. We also have reviewed and will continue to review contracts with our suppliers, making adjustments accordingly. We continue to take the necessary steps to ensure the safety of our employees, customers and vendors. These steps include, among others, promoting increased social distancing practices and enhanced cleaning efforts in our offices and facilities. We are utilizing and exploring the use of technology across our operations to further enhance social distancing and improve safety. These safety precautions have and may continue to have an adverse impact on our costs, efficiency and productivity going forward.

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In response to the lower demand across select end markets, we have and will continue to take various actions to reduce costs. During the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, we reduced our global workforce by approximately 12% resulting in severance costs of $1.4 million. Additionally, we instituted a temporary furlough program for our salaried workforce in North America which is expected to reduce salaried compensation by $1.3 million in the second half of Fiscal 2020. Additionally, we have also reduced our capital and discretionary spending in response to current business conditions.

As discussed further under the heading "Outlook" below, it is difficult to predict the economic impact that this pandemic, as well as reduced oil and gas demand and commodity price volatility may have on our business, results of operations and cash flows going forward.

Results of Operations

Quarter Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019 (Unaudited)

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenues decreased by 13%, or $17.5 million, to $118.1 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, due to a decrease in orders resulting from a decline in demand across our industrial end markets, as well as project delays and cancellations of potential projects associated with the global decline in demand across the oil and gas markets resulting from COVID-19. Domestic revenues decreased by 12%, or $12.4 million, to $91.3 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020. International revenues decreased by 16%, or $5.1 million, to $26.8 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 as a result of lower commercial activity across our international operations. Our international revenues include both revenues generated from our international facilities as well as revenues from export projects generated at our domestic facilities.

Revenue from our oil and gas end markets decreased by 26%, or $16.5 million, to $45.9 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 while petrochemical revenue increased by 39%, or $8.2 million, to $29.3 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020. The decrease in demand across the oil and gas end markets has negatively impacted our orders rate and revenue. The increase in petrochemical revenues continues to be driven primarily by execution of previously booked orders from the petrochemical end markets and lower natural gas prices. Revenue from utility markets decreased by 37%, or $9.7 million, to $16.7 million and traction market revenue increased by 23%, or $1.7 million, to $9.1 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, as the mix of our projects shifts across our global operating facilities. Revenue from all other markets combined decreased by $1.2 million to $17.1 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

Gross profit decreased by 10%, or $2.4 million, to $21.3 million, for the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 as a result of lower revenues. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased to 18% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, compared to 17% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019 due to stronger margins in backlog as well as cost efficiencies, while absorbing the operational challenges resulting from COVID-19.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 9%, or $1.6 million, to $15.5 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, primarily due to decreased personnel costs. Additionally, travel related costs have temporarily declined as a result of COVID-19. Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was 13% during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, primarily due to our continued focus on our cost structure.

Restructuring and Other, Net

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in oil and gas demand and volatility of commodity prices, we implemented workforce reductions across the business. As a result, we recorded $1.4 million of separation costs during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

Income Tax Benefit/Provision

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.6 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, compared to an income tax provision of $0.8 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019. The effective tax rate for the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 was negative 19%, compared to an effective tax rate of 14% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the tax benefits related to the Research and Development Tax Credit (R&D Tax Credit) and the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. In addition, as a result of the expiration of certain U.S. federal statutes of limitations and the effective settlement of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit, $1.7 million of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits related to these matters was released. These benefits were partially offset by losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance.

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For the third quarter of Fiscal 2019, the effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the relative amounts of income recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance.

Net Income

In the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, net income of $3.5 million, or $0.30 per diluted share, decreased from net income of $5.1 million, or $0.44 per diluted share, in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019, primarily due to a decline in revenues and gross profit resulting from lower orders caused by adverse market conditions as well as $1.4 million of separation costs. This was partially offset by the favorable impact from the reversal of the reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as a discrete item in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

Backlog

The order backlog at June 30, 2020 was $532.2 million, a decrease of 6% from $566.4 million at March 31, 2020 and a 31% increase over the $407.0 million backlog at June 30, 2019. The increase in backlog at June 30, 2020 is due in large part to the substantial contract awarded in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 that will support the integrated electrical distribution requirements for a large domestic industrial complex. New orders decreased by 44% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 to $81.4 million, compared to $144.8 million in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019, primarily due to decreased demand from our customers in our core oil and gas markets.

Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019 (Unaudited)

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenues increased by 10%, or $35.1 million, to $403.8 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020. This increase is attributable to the first half of Fiscal 2020 revenues and is the result of the solid backlog at the beginning of Fiscal 2020 driven by the improved market conditions in our petrochemical and oil and gas markets beginning in late Fiscal 2018. Domestic revenues increased by 9%, or $27.4 million, to $318.2 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020. International revenues increased by 10%, or $7.7 million, to $85.6 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, primarily driven by increased activity in our international operations and end markets. Our international revenues include both revenues generated from our international facilities as well as revenues from export projects generated at our domestic facilities.

Revenue from our oil and gas markets decreased by 6%, or $10.2 million, to $157.8 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 while petrochemical revenue increased by 69%, or $43.7 million, to $107.1 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 driven by the previous strength across the core oil and gas and petrochemical end markets when these projects were awarded in Fiscal 2018 and 2019. Revenue from utility markets decreased by 3%, or $2.1 million, to $64.0 million and traction market revenue increased by 70%, or $13.0 million, to $31.4 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, primarily driven by our mix of projects. Revenue from all other markets combined decreased by $9.3 million to $43.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020.

Gross profit increased by 25%, or $14.4 million, to $72.9 million, for the nine months ended June 30, 2020. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased to 18% in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 16% in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 due to strong margins in backlog as well as cost efficiencies and increased volume in our domestic and international manufacturing facilities.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 2%, or $1.1 million, to $51.4 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to increased variable incentive compensation associated with increased project volume and profitability. Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, decreased to 13% during the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 14% during the nine months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in revenues and our continued focus on our cost structure.

Restructuring and Other, Net

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in oil and gas demand and volatility of commodity prices, we implemented workforce reductions across the business. As a result, we recorded $1.4 million of separation costs during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

Income Tax Provision

We recorded an income tax provision of $2.1 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to an income tax provision of $1.0 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was 13%, compared to an effective tax rate of 22% for the nine months ended June 30, 2019. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, the effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the current year estimated R&D Tax Credit as well as the projected utilization of net

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operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. Likewise, the discrete items recorded in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 in the amount of $1.7 million associated with the release of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitations and the IRS audit settlement favorably impacted the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate was negatively impacted by the discrete item recorded in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 for the valuation allowance against our UK deferred tax assets in the amount of $0.5 million as well as by the losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the effective tax rate of 22% approximated the U.S. federal statutory rate as the immaterial losses incurred by various foreign jurisdictions reserved with a valuation allowance had a minimal impact on the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 approximated the U.S. federal statutory rate as the impact from foreign jurisdictions with losses reserved with a valuation allowance were insignificant.

Net Income

In the nine months ended June 30, 2020, net income of $13.7 million, or $1.17 per diluted share, improved from net income of $3.4 million, or $0.29 per diluted share, in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 primarily from increased revenues and gross profit in the first half of Fiscal 2020 and from the favorable impact from the reversal of the reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as a discrete item which was partially offset by the separation costs in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

Backlog

The order backlog at June 30, 2020 was $532.2 million, a 27% increase from the $419.0 million at September 30, 2019. New orders increased by 1% during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 to $519.5 million, compared to $513.9 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2019. Backlog and orders benefited from a substantial contract awarded in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 that will support the integrated electrical distribution requirements for a large domestic industrial complex.

Outlook

The markets in which we participate are capital-intensive and cyclical in nature. Cyclicality is predominantly driven by customer demand, global economic conditions and anticipated environmental, safety or regulatory changes which affect the manner in which our customers proceed with capital investments. Our customers analyze various factors including the demand and price for oil, gas and electrical energy, the overall economic and financial environment, governmental budgets, regulatory actions and environmental concerns. These factors influence the release of new capital projects by our customers, which are traditionally awarded in competitive bid situations. Scheduling of projects is matched to customer requirements, and projects typically take a number of months to produce. Schedules may change during the course of any particular project, and our operating results can, therefore, be impacted by factors outside of our control.

A significant portion of our revenues have historically been from the oil, gas and petrochemical markets. Oil and gas commodity price levels have been unstable over the last several years, and our customers delayed some of their major capital investment projects. Beginning in late Fiscal 2018, our customers' decisions to invest in projects in our key oil and gas and petrochemical markets were influenced somewhat by the stabilization of commodity prices and the increased global demand for cleaner burning fuels during that period of time. We believe that change in market sentiment during that period of time had a favorable impact on our orders and backlog entering Fiscal 2020, although we anticipate that recent declines in oil prices will negatively impact our business going forward, as discussed in more detail below. Specific to natural gas, the business was awarded a substantial contract in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 that will support the integrated electrical distribution requirements for a large domestic industrial complex. This specific project will take over three years to design, manufacture, integrate, test and ship.

Our operating results are impacted by factors such as the timing of new order awards, customer approval of final engineering and design specifications and delays in customer construction schedules, all of which contribute to short-term earnings variability and the timing of project execution. Our operating results also have been, and could continue to be, impacted by the timing and resolution of change orders, project close-out and resolution of potential contract claims and liquidated damages, all of which could improve or deteriorate gross margins during the period in which these items are resolved with our customers. These factors may result in periods of underutilization of our resources and facilities and negatively impact our ability to cover our fixed costs. The increased orders in Fiscal 2018 and 2019 have led to improvement in revenues and operating results for the first half of Fiscal 2020. We continue to monitor the factors that drive our markets and will continue to strive to maintain our leadership and competitive advantage in the markets we serve while aligning our cost structure and workforce with these changing market conditions.

The spread of COVID-19 has created and continues to create significant uncertainty and economic disruption across the world during the second half of Fiscal 2020. This pandemic has negatively impacted energy demand, which in turn has resulted in considerable volatility across the oil and gas commodity markets. Certain of our customers have asked that we delay our manufacturing on their projects as their operations have been negatively impacted by this pandemic, the reduced oil and gas demand and the commodity price volatility.

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As a result of these circumstances, we anticipate that a decrease in commercial activity will negatively impact our business, results of operations and cash flows going forward. We have and may need to continue to adjust our workforce and labor costs to correspond to the reduced customer demand. We will take prudent measures to maintain our strong liquidity and cash position, which may include reducing our capital expenditures and research and development costs, as well as reducing or eliminating future dividend payments. However, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic specifically will impact our business will depend on numerous factors that are hard to predict, some of which include: the duration, spread and severity of the pandemic; governmental actions in response to the pandemic, including travel restrictions and quarantine or related governmental orders; any closures of our offices and facilities or those of our suppliers as a result of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows is not currently known.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2020, current assets exceeded current liabilities by 2.1 times and our debt to total capitalization was 0.26%.

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments increased to $163.4 million at June 30, 2020, compared to $124.7 million at September 30, 2019. This increase in cash was primarily driven by the timing of contract billing milestones related to our recent contract award for a large domestic industrial project. We believe that our strong working capital position, available borrowings under our credit facility (U.S. Revolver) and available cash should be sufficient to finance future operating activities, capital improvements, research and development initiatives and debt repayments for the foreseeable future.

Our U.S. Revolver is a $75.0 million revolving credit facility, which is available for both borrowings and letters of credit. As of June 30, 2020, there were no amounts borrowed under this facility, and letters of credit outstanding were $33.1 million. As of June 30, 2020, $41.9 million was available for the issuance of letters of credit and borrowing under the U.S. Revolver. Total long-term debt, including current maturities, totaled $0.8 million at June 30, 2020 related to outstanding industrial development revenue bonds. For further information regarding our debt, see Note E of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Approximately $23.7 million of our cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 was held outside of the U.S. for international operations. It is our intention to indefinitely reinvest all current and future foreign earnings internationally in order to ensure sufficient working capital to support our international operations. In the event that we elect to repatriate some or all of the foreign earnings that were previously deemed to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S., we may incur additional tax expense upon such repatriation under current tax laws.

Operating Activities

Operating activities provided net cash of $53.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and $33.9 million during the same period in Fiscal 2019. Cash flow from operations is primarily influenced by project volume, the timing of milestone payments from our customers and the payment terms with our suppliers. This increase in operating cash flow was primarily due to the timing of contract billing milestones related to our recent contract award for a large domestic industrial project.

Investing Activities

Investing activities used $5.5 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $4.0 million provided during the same period in Fiscal 2019. The decrease in cash provided by investing activities in the first nine months of Fiscal 2020 was primarily due to short-term investment activity.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $10.1 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and $10.5 million during the same period in Fiscal 2019, which primarily consisted of approximately $9.0 million of dividends paid in each period.

New Accounting Standards

See Note A of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for information on new accounting standards.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

Effective October 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard which resulted in changes to our lease policy. See Note I of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the new lease accounting guidance and related disclosures. There have been no other material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions we have entered into in the normal course of business. These risks primarily relate to fluctuations in market conditions, commodity prices, foreign currency transactions and interest rates.

Market Risk

We are exposed to general market risk and its potential impact on accounts receivable or costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts. The amounts recorded may be at risk if our customers’ ability to pay these obligations is negatively impacted by economic conditions. Our customers are typically in the oil and gas markets, including onshore and offshore oil and gas production, pipeline, refining and liquefied natural gas terminals, as well as petrochemical, electric utility and light traction power. Occasionally, our customer may be an engineering, procurement and construction firm (EPC) which may increase our market risk exposure based on the business climate of the EPC firm. We maintain ongoing discussions with customers regarding contract status with respect to payment status, change orders and billing terms in an effort to monitor collections of amounts billed.

Commodity Price Risk

We are subject to market risk from fluctuating market prices of certain raw materials used in our products. While such materials are typically available from numerous suppliers, commodity raw materials are subject to price fluctuations. We attempt to pass along such commodity price increases to our customers on a contract-by-contract basis to avoid a negative effect on profit margin. While we may do so in the future, we have not currently entered into any derivative contracts to hedge our exposure to commodity risk. We continue to experience price volatility with some of our key raw materials and components. Fixed-price contracts may limit our ability to pass cost increases to our customers, thus negatively impacting our earnings. Fluctuations in commodity prices may have a material impact on our future earnings and cash flows.

Foreign Currency Transaction Risk

We have operations that expose us to currency risk in the British Pound Sterling, the Canadian Dollar and to a lesser extent the Euro. Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of stockholders’ equity in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe the exposure to the effects that fluctuating foreign currencies have on our consolidated results of operations is limited because the foreign operations primarily invoice customers and collect obligations in their respective currencies or U.S. Dollars. Additionally, expenses associated with these transactions are generally contracted and paid for in the same local currencies. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, our realized foreign exchange loss was less than $0.1 million and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is included as a component of stockholders’ equity, was $26.5 million as of June 30, 2020, an increase of $2.0 million compared to September 30, 2019. This increase in comprehensive loss was primarily a result of fluctuations in the currency exchange rates for the Canadian Dollar and British Pound Sterling as we remeasured the foreign operations of those divisions.  

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We do not typically hedge our exposure to potential foreign currency translation adjustments.

Interest Rate Risk

If we borrow under our U.S. Revolver, we will be subject to market risk resulting from changes in interest rates related to our floating rate bank credit facility. If we were to make such borrowings, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in variable interest rates may result in a material impact to our financial statements. While we do not currently have any derivative contracts to hedge our exposure to interest rate risk, in the past we have entered and may in the future enter into such contracts. During each of the periods presented, we have not experienced a significant effect on our business due to changes in interest rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established and maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have each concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from our commercial operations, projects, employees and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. Although we can give no assurances about the resolution of pending claims, litigation or other disputes and the effect such outcomes may have on us, management believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except as discussed below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 (the "Annual Report"), filed on December 5, 2019. Our business is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report. We previously disclosed in our Annual Report a risk factor with the heading, “Catastrophic events could disrupt our business.” The following supplements and updates this risk factor previously disclosed in our Annual Report.

Catastrophic events, including natural disasters, health epidemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), acts of war and terrorism, among others, could disrupt our business.

The occurrence of catastrophic events, ranging from natural disasters to health epidemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), to acts of war and terrorism, among others, could disrupt or delay our ability to operate our business and complete projects for our customers and could potentially expose us to third-party liability claims. We may declare the existence of a force majeure event under our contracts in certain situations; however, a customer may dispute our force majeure claim, which may result in additional liabilities. Losses arising from such events may or may not be fully covered by our various insurance policies or may be subject to deductibles or exceed coverage limits. In addition, such events could result in temporary or long-term delays and/or cancellations of orders for raw materials from our suppliers that could impact our project execution. These situations or other disruptions are outside of our control and may adversely impact our business and results of operations.

The spread of COVID-19 has created and continues to create significant uncertainty and economic disruption across the world during the second half of Fiscal 2020. It is difficult to predict the economic impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business, results of operations and cash flows going forward. For example, certain of our customers have asked that we delay our manufacturing on their projects as their operations have been negatively impacted by this pandemic, the reduced oil and gas demand and commodity price volatility. These delays may have a negative effect on the timing of revenue recognition and cash flow. We have experienced supply disruptions and anticipate these supply disruptions may continue. Any delays in the supply of material or labor, could negatively impact our production schedule and delay the completion of certain projects. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic specifically will impact our business will depend on numerous factors that are hard to predict, some of which include: the duration, spread and severity of the pandemic; governmental actions in response to the pandemic, including travel restrictions and quarantine or related orders; any closures of our offices and facilities or those of our suppliers as a result of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Any of these factors, as well as other related business impacts resulting from COVID-19, could contribute to the risks and uncertainties described in our Annual Report. As a result, the magnitude of the impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows is not currently known.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Number		Description of Exhibits
3.1	—	Certificate of Incorporation of Powell Industries, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 11, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 8-A/A filed November 1, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2	—	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Powell Industries, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 8-K filed October 12, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).
*31.1	—	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
*31.2	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
**32.1	—	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
**32.2	—	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101.INS	—	Inline XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*104	—	Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded in the Inline XBRL document)
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	POWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: August 5, 2020	By:	/s/ Brett A. Cope
		Brett A. Cope
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 5, 2020	By:	/s/  Michael W. Metcalf
		Michael W. Metcalf
		Executive Vice President
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

33

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Brett A. Cope, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Powell Industries, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Brett A. Cope

Brett A. Cope

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 5, 2020

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael W. Metcalf, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Powell Industries, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michael W. Metcalf 

Michael W. Metcalf

Executive Vice President

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 5, 2020

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report (the “Report”) on Form 10-Q of Powell Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Brett A. Cope, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Brett A. Cope

Brett A. Cope

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 5, 2020

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report (the “Report”) on Form 10-Q of Powell Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Michael W. Metcalf, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Michael W. Metcalf 

Michael W. Metcalf

Executive Vice President

Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 5, 2020

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 03, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-12488
Entity Registrant Name	Powell Industries, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0106100
Entity Address, Address Line One	8550 Mosley Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77075-1180
City Area Code	713
Local Phone Number	944-6900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	POWL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,614,613
Entity Central Index Key	0000080420
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 156,026	$ 118,639
Short-term investments	7,330	6,042
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $434 and $301	97,144	112,093
Contract assets	51,723	55,374
Inventories	31,663	29,202
Income taxes receivable	373	233
Prepaid expenses	4,009	4,335
Other current assets	1,883	2,650
Total Current Assets	350,151	328,568
Property, plant and equipment, net	114,826	120,812
Operating lease assets, net	5,542
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,205	1,337
Deferred income taxes	3,477	5,117
Other assets	11,997	11,577
Total Assets	487,198	467,411
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	400	400
Accounts payable	38,512	51,180
Contract liabilities	97,969	71,464
Accrued compensation and benefits	18,618	20,182
Accrued product warranty	3,011	2,946
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306
Income taxes payable	425	913
Other current liabilities	9,258	10,811
Total Current Liabilities	170,499	157,896
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	400	800
Deferred compensation	6,524	6,447
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870
Other long-term liabilities	2,334	3,115
Total Liabilities	183,627	168,258
Commitments and Contingencies (Note F)
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	0	0
Common stock, par value $.01; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 12,420,631 and 12,372,766 shares issued, respectively	124	124
Additional paid-in capital	60,927	59,153
Retained earnings	294,052	289,422
Treasury stock, 806,018 shares at cost	(24,999)	(24,999)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(26,533)	(24,547)
Total Stockholders' Equity	303,571	299,153
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 487,198	$ 467,411

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 434	$ 301
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	30,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	12,420,631	12,372,766
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	806,018	806,018

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 118,062	$ 135,588	$ 403,781	$ 368,676
Cost of goods sold	96,718	111,873	330,926	310,255
Gross profit	21,344	23,715	72,855	58,421
Selling, general and administrative expenses	15,511	17,117	51,372	50,240
Research and development expenses	1,605	1,631	4,863	4,988
Amortization of intangible assets	44	44	132	132
Insurance proceeds	0	(950)	0	(950)
Restructuring and other, net	1,400	233	1,400	233
Operating income	2,784	5,640	15,088	3,778
Interest expense	52	59	179	170
Interest income	(190)	(305)	(901)	(707)
Income before income taxes	2,922	5,886	15,810	4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559)	797	2,133	963
Net income	$ 3,481	$ 5,089	$ 13,677	$ 3,352
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.44	$ 1.18	$ 0.29
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.44	$ 1.17	$ 0.29
Weighted average shares:
Basic (in shares)	11,631	11,579	11,622	11,567
Diluted (in shares)	11,698	11,603	11,686	11,589
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.26	$ 0.26	$ 0.78	$ 0.78

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 3,481	$ 5,089	$ 13,677	$ 3,352
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,543	952	(1,986)	(1,416)
Comprehensive income	$ 6,024	$ 6,041	$ 11,691	$ 1,936

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		12,281			(806)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 301,644	$ 123	$ 56,769	$ 291,530	$ (24,999)	$ (21,779)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	(2,695)			(2,695)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(4,088)					(4,088)
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		41
Stock-based compensation	1,220		1,220
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(731)		(731)
Dividends paid	(2,992)			(2,992)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		12,322			(806)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	292,358	$ 123	57,258	285,843	$ (24,999)	(25,867)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		12,281			(806)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	301,644	$ 123	56,769	291,530	$ (24,999)	(21,779)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	3,352
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,416)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		12,359			(806)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	295,659	$ 124	57,838	285,891	$ (24,999)	(23,195)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		12,322			(806)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	292,358	$ 123	57,258	285,843	$ (24,999)	(25,867)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	958			958
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1,720					1,720
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		17
Stock-based compensation	670	$ 1	669
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(416)		(416)
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		14
Issuance of restricted stock	0
Dividends paid	(2,996)			(2,996)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		12,353			(806)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	292,294	$ 124	57,511	283,805	$ (24,999)	(24,147)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	5,089			5,089
Foreign currency translation adjustments	952					952
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		6
Stock-based compensation	331		331
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(4)		(4)
Dividends paid	(3,003)			(3,003)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		12,359			(806)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	295,659	$ 124	57,838	285,891	$ (24,999)	(23,195)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		12,373			(806)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	299,153	$ 124	59,153	289,422	$ (24,999)	(24,547)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	2,775			2,775
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,387					2,387
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		30
Stock-based compensation	982		982
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(611)		(611)
Dividends paid	(3,013)			(3,013)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		12,403			(806)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	301,673	$ 124	59,524	289,184	$ (24,999)	(22,160)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		12,373			(806)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	299,153	$ 124	59,153	289,422	$ (24,999)	(24,547)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	13,677
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,986)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		12,421			(806)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	303,571	$ 124	60,927	294,052	$ (24,999)	(26,533)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		12,403			(806)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	301,673	$ 124	59,524	289,184	$ (24,999)	(22,160)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	7,421			7,421
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(6,916)					(6,916)
Stock-based compensation	968		968
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)		17
Dividends paid	(3,015)			(3,015)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		12,420			(806)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	300,131	$ 124	60,492	293,590	$ (24,999)	(29,076)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	3,481			3,481
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,543					2,543
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		1
Stock-based compensation	441		441
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(6)		(6)
Dividends paid	(3,019)			(3,019)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		12,421			(806)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 303,571	$ 124	$ 60,927	$ 294,052	$ (24,999)	$ (26,533)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 13,677	$ 3,352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,878	9,408
Stock-based compensation	2,391	2,220
Bad debt expense	187	126
Deferred income taxes	1,640	(1,023)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	14,268	(16,350)
Contract assets and liabilities, net	30,150	42,954
Inventories	(2,534)	(8,202)
Income taxes	(628)	6,439
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,071	(1,330)
Accounts payable	(11,264)	(2,174)
Accrued liabilities	(2,305)	(3,051)
Other, net	(1,131)	1,566
Net cash provided by operating activities	53,400	33,935
Investing Activities:
Purchases of short-term investments	(7,330)	(5,869)
Maturities of short-term investments	6,146	13,088
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net	(4,274)	(3,210)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(5,458)	4,009
Financing Activities:
Payments on industrial development revenue bonds	(400)	(400)
Shares withheld in lieu of employee tax withholding	(617)	(1,151)
Dividends paid	(9,047)	(8,991)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,064)	(10,542)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	37,878	27,402
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(491)	(542)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	118,639	61,725
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$ 156,026	$ 88,585

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Overview

Powell Industries, Inc. (we, us, our, Powell or the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2004 as a successor to a Nevada company incorporated in 1968. The Nevada company was the successor to a company founded by William E. Powell in 1947, which merged into the Company in 1977. Our major subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned, include: Powell Electrical Systems, Inc.; Powell (UK) Limited; Powell Canada Inc. and Powell Industries International, B.V.

We develop, design, manufacture and service custom-engineered equipment and systems for the distribution, control and monitoring of electrical energy. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, we serve the oil and gas markets, including onshore and offshore oil and gas production, pipeline, refining and liquid natural gas terminals, as well as petrochemical, electric utility, light rail traction power and other heavy industrial markets.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Oil and Gas Commodity Market Volatility on Powell

The spread of COVID-19 has created significant uncertainty and economic disruption across the world during the second half of Fiscal 2020. This pandemic has negatively impacted energy demand, which in turn has resulted in considerable volatility across the oil and gas commodity markets. As a result, some of our industrial customers are deferring or suspending their planned capital expenditures. Certain of our customers have asked that we delay our manufacturing on their projects as their operations have been negatively impacted by this pandemic and the reduced oil and gas demand. We continue to work with and review the contracts with our key suppliers who have been impacted by this pandemic to ensure that we are able to meet our customer commitments.

From an operations standpoint, although our facilities are located in areas that have been or continue to be subject to stay-at-home orders, we have not closed any of our facilities for an extended amount of time and have continued to operate as an "essential business" under these orders across all of our locations. We continue to take the necessary steps to ensure the safety of our employees, customers and vendors. These steps include, among others, promoting increased social distancing practices and enhanced cleaning efforts in our offices and facilities. We are also using technology across our operations to further enhance social distancing and improve safety. These increased safety precautions may have an adverse impact on our efficiency and productivity going forward.

As a result of the circumstances noted above, we anticipate that a decrease in commercial activity will negatively impact our business, results of operations and cash flows going forward. We have and may need to continue to adjust our workforce and labor costs to correspond to the reduced customer demand. We will take prudent measures to maintain our strong liquidity and cash position, which may include reducing our capital expenditures and research and development costs, as well as reducing or eliminating future dividend payments. However, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic specifically will impact our business will depend on numerous factors that are hard to predict, some of which include: the duration, spread and severity of the pandemic; governmental actions in response to the pandemic, including travel restrictions and quarantine or related governmental orders; any closures of our offices and facilities or those of our suppliers as a result of the pandemic, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows is not currently known.

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Powell and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows with respect to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year. We believe that these financial statements contain all adjustments necessary so that they are not misleading.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Powell and its subsidiaries included in Powell’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on December 5, 2019.

References to Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 used throughout this report shall mean our fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. The most significant estimates used in our condensed consolidated financial statements affect revenue recognition and estimated cost recognition on our customer contracts, the allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, warranty accruals and income taxes. The amounts recorded for warranties, legal, income taxes, impairment of long-lived assets (when applicable) and other contingent liabilities require judgments regarding the amount of expenses that will ultimately be incurred. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions, as well as the specific circumstances surrounding these contingent liabilities, in evaluating the amount of liability that should be recorded. Additionally, the recognition of deferred tax assets requires estimates related to future income and other assumptions regarding timing and future profitability because the ultimate realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Estimates routinely change as new events occur, additional information becomes available or operating environments change. Actual results may differ from our prior estimates.

New Accounting Standards

Effective October 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard and recorded operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $7.0 million and determined that no adjustment to retained earnings was necessary. Financial results for reporting periods after October 1, 2019 are reported under the new standard; however financial results for prior periods were not adjusted and will continue to be presented in accordance with the previous standard. Upon adoption, we elected a package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed for the historical classification of our existing leases to carryforward. Additionally, we elected to separate non-lease components for our real estate and IT infrastructure asset classes. All other asset classes account for both lease and non-lease components in the operating lease asset and operating lease liability calculations. See Note I for further discussion of leases.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new topic on measurement of credit losses. The topic introduces an impairment model known as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model that is based on an expected loss methodology rather than an incurred loss methodology for financial instruments. Under the new topic, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses with the intention of improving financial reporting by requiring timelier recognition of such losses. Enhanced disclosure of information regarding how a company developed its allowance, including changes in the factors that influenced management's estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes, will be required upon adoption. The new topic is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This would be our fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. We are still evaluating the impact this new topic will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common and potential common share includes the weighted average of additional shares associated with the incremental effect of dilutive restricted stock and restricted stock units, as prescribed by the FASB guidance on earnings per share.

The following table reconciles basic and diluted weighted average shares used in the computation of earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	3,481	$	5,089	$	13,677	$	3,352
Denominator:
Weighted average basic shares	11,631		11,579		11,622		11,567
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units	67		24		64		22
Weighted average diluted shares	11,698		11,603		11,686		11,589
Income per share:
Basic	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.18	$	0.29
Diluted	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.17	$	0.29

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Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	300		$	214		$	301		$	157
Bad debt expense	136			25			187			126
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries	(2		)	(31		)	(57		)	(74		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	—			(3		)	3			(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	434		$	205		$	434		$	205

Inventories

The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Raw materials, parts and sub-assemblies, net	$	30,481	$	28,102
Work-in-progress	1,182		1,100
Total inventories	$	31,663	$	29,202

Accrued Product Warranty

Activity in our product warranty accrual consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,276		$	2,986		$	2,946		$	2,604
Increase in warranty expense	276			945			1,904			2,572
Deduction for warranty charges	(555		)	(754		)	(1,826		)	(1,992		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	14			3			(13		)	(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,011		$	3,180		$	3,011		$	3,180

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The majority of our revenues are generated from the manufacturing of custom-engineered products and systems under long-term fixed-price contracts under which we agree to manufacture various products such as traditional and arc-resistant distribution switchgear and control gear, medium-voltage circuit breakers, monitoring and control communications systems, motor control centers and bus duct systems. These products may be sold separately as an engineered solution, but are typically integrated into custom-built enclosures which we also build. These enclosures are referred to as power control room substations (PCRs®), custom-engineered modules or electrical houses (E-Houses). Some contracts may also include the installation and the commissioning of these enclosures.

Revenue from these contracts is generally recognized over time utilizing the cost-to-cost method to measure the extent of progress toward the completion of the performance obligation and the recognition of revenue over time. We believe that this method is the most accurate representation of our performance, because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer over time as we incur costs on our contracts. Contract costs include all direct materials, labor, and indirect costs related to contract performance, which may include indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs.

We also have contracts to provide value-added services such as field service inspection, installation, commissioning, modification and repair, as well as retrofit and retrofill components for existing systems. As a practical expedient, if the service contract terms give us the right to invoice the customer for an amount that corresponds directly with the value of our performance completed to date (i.e., a service contract in which we bill a fixed amount for each hour of service provided), then we recognize revenue over

time in each reporting period corresponding to the amount with which we have the right to invoice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as the work progresses. Revenues from our custom-engineered products and value-added services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 95% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 93% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

We also have sales orders for spare parts and replacement circuit breakers for switchgear that are obsolete or that are no longer produced by the original manufacturer. Revenues from these sales orders are recognized at the time we fulfill our performance obligation to the customer, which is typically upon shipment and represented approximately 5% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 7% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Additionally, some contracts may contain a cancellation clause that could limit the amount of revenue we are able to recognize over time. In these instances, revenue and costs associated with these contracts are deferred and recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is fulfilled.

Selling and administrative costs incurred in relation to obtaining a contract are typically expensed as incurred. We periodically utilize a third-party sales agent to obtain a contract and will pay a commission to that agent. We record the full commission liability to the third-party sales agents at the order date, with a corresponding deferred asset. As the project progresses, we record commission expense based on percentage of completion rates that correlate to the project and reduce the deferred asset. Once we have been paid by the customer, we pay the commission and the deferred liability is reduced.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract or with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition for contracts, we evaluate whether a contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation or, less commonly, whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one performance obligation. This evaluation of performance obligations requires significant judgment. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation where multiple engineered products and services are combined into a single custom-engineered solution. Our contracts generally include a standard assurance warranty that typically ends 18 months after shipment. Occasionally, we provide service-type warranties that will extend the warranty period. These extended warranties qualify as a separate performance obligation, and revenue is deferred and recognized over the warranty period. If we determine during the evaluation of the contract that there are multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, which we refer to as backlog, represent the estimated transaction price for goods and services for which we have a material right but work has not been performed. As of June 30, 2020, we had backlog of $532.2 million, of which approximately $342.4 million is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results as orders may be cancelled or modified by our customers. Our backlog does not include service and maintenance-type contracts for which we have the right to invoice as services are performed.

Contract Estimates

Actual revenues and project costs may vary from previous estimates due to changes in a variety of factors. The cost estimation process is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, project managers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, and the effect of any delays on our project performance. We periodically review our job performance, job conditions, estimated profitability and final contract settlements, including our estimate of total costs and make revisions to costs and income in the period in which the revisions are probable and reasonably estimable. Whenever revisions of estimated contract costs and contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, our operating results were positively impacted by $10.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, as a result of changes in contract estimates related to projects in progress at the beginning of the respective period. These changes in estimates spread across the entire portfolio with no significant changes in a single contract and resulted primarily from favorable project execution and negotiations of variable consideration, discussed below, as well as other changes in facts and circumstances during these periods.

Variable Consideration

It is common for our long-term contracts to contain variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Due to the nature of our contracts, estimating total cost and revenue can be complex and subject to variability due to change orders, back charges, spare parts, early completion bonuses, customer allowances and liquidated damages. We estimate the amount of variable consideration based on the expected value method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amount, or the most likely amount method which uses various factors including experience with similar transactions and assessment of our anticipated performance. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if legally enforceable and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

Contract Modifications

Contracts may be modified for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the enforceable rights and obligations under the contract. Most of our contract modifications are for goods and services that are not distinct from the existing performance obligation. Contract modifications result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue based on our measure of progress for the performance obligation.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections affects accounts receivable, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (contract assets) and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts (contract liabilities) in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Contract assets are recorded when revenues are recognized in excess of amounts billed for fixed-price contracts as determined by the billing milestone schedule. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when billing milestones have been met, or we have an unconditional right to payment.

Contract liabilities typically represent advance payments from contractual billing milestones and billings in excess of revenue recognized. It is unusual to have advanced milestone payments with a term greater than one year, which could represent a financing component on the contract.

Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period and are generally classified as current.

Contract assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Contract assets	$	51,723		$	55,374
Contract liabilities	(97,969		)	(71,464		)
Net contract liability	$	(46,246	)	$	(16,090	)

The increase in net contract liability at June 30, 2020 from September 30, 2019 was primarily due to our progress towards completion on our projects and the timing of contract billing milestones and new orders. This increase was primarily driven by the timing of contract billing milestones related to our recent contract award for a large industrial project in the United States. To determine the amount of revenue recognized during the period from contract liabilities, we first allocate revenue to the individual contract liability balance outstanding at the beginning of the period until the revenue exceeds that balance. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized revenue of approximately $34.6 million and $67.1 million related to contract liabilities outstanding at September 30, 2019.

The timing of our invoice process is typically dependent on the completion of certain milestones and contract terms and subject to agreement by our customer. Payment is typically expected within 30 days of invoice. Any uncollected invoiced amounts for our performance obligations recognized over time, including contract retentions, are recorded as accounts receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain contracts contain retention provisions that become due upon completion of contractual requirements. As of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, accounts receivable included retention amounts of $6.7 million and $5.6 million, respectively. Of the retained amount at June 30, 2020, $5.6 million is expected to be collected in the next twelve months and is recorded in accounts receivable. The remaining $1.1 million is recorded in other assets.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present our disaggregated revenue by geographic destination and market sector for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	$	89,499	$	99,745	$	318,009	$	292,049
Canada	16,970		20,206		46,831		45,015
Europe, Middle East and Africa	6,422		9,659		25,404		20,608
Asia/Pacific	4,643		4,682		11,784		9,155
Mexico, Central and South America	528		1,296		1,753		1,849
Total revenues by geographic destination	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Oil and gas	$	45,851	$	62,356	$	157,798	$	167,954
Petrochemical	29,293		21,086		107,057		63,387
Electric utility	16,725		26,425		63,994		66,066
Traction power	9,122		7,423		31,417		18,457
All others	17,071		18,298		43,515		52,812
Total revenues by market sector	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Industrial development revenue bonds	$	800		$	1,200
Less: current portion	(400		)	(400		)
Total long-term debt	$	400		$	800

U.S. Revolver

On September 27, 2019, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (the " "U.S. Revolver"), which replaced our prior credit agreement. The U.S. Revolver is a $75.0 million revolving credit facility that is available for both borrowings and letters of credit and expires September 2024. As of June 30, 2020, there were no amounts borrowed under this facility and letters of credit outstanding were $33.1 million. There was $41.9 million available for the issuance of letters of credit and borrowings under the U.S. Revolver as of June 30, 2020.

We are required to maintain certain financial covenants, the most significant of which are a consolidated leverage ratio less than 3.0 to 1.0 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of greater than 3.0 to 1.0. Additionally, we must maintain a consolidated cash balance of $30 million at all times. The U.S. Revolver also contains a "material adverse effect" clause which is a material change in our operations, business, properties, liabilities or condition (financial or otherwise) or a material impairment of our ability to perform our obligations under our credit agreements. As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the U.S. Revolver.

The U.S. Revolver allows the Company to elect that any borrowing under the facility bear an interest rate based on either the base rate or the eurocurrency rate, in each case, plus the applicable rate. The base rate is generally the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the Bank of America prime rate or (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.00%. The applicable rate is generally a range from (0.25)% to 1.75% depending on the type of loan and the Company's consolidated leverage ratio.

The U.S. Revolver is collateralized by a pledge of 100% of the voting capital stock of each of our domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting capital stock of each non-domestic subsidiary. The U.S. Revolver provides for customary events of default and carries cross-default provisions with other existing debt agreements. If an event of default (as defined in the U.S. Revolver) occurs and is continuing, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the U.S. Revolver, amounts and letters of credit outstanding under the U.S. Revolver may be accelerated and may become immediately due and payable.

Industrial Development Revenue Bonds

We borrowed $8.0 million in October 2001 through a loan agreement funded with proceeds from tax-exempt industrial development revenue bonds (Bonds). These Bonds were issued by the Illinois Development Finance Authority and were used for the completion of our Northlake, Illinois facility. Pursuant to the Bond issuance, a reimbursement agreement between us and a major domestic bank required an issuance by the bank of an irrevocable direct-pay letter of credit (Bond LC), as collateral, to the Bonds’ trustee to guarantee payment of the Bonds’ principal and interest when due. The Bond LC is subject to both early termination and extension provisions customary to such agreements, as well as various covenants, for which we were in compliance at June 30, 2020. While the Bonds mature in 2021, the reimbursement agreement requires annual redemptions of $0.4 million that commenced on October 25, 2002. A sinking fund is used for the annual principal payment. The Bonds bear interest at a floating rate determined weekly by the Bonds’ remarketing agent, which was the underwriter for the Bonds and is an affiliate of the bank. This interest rate was 0.36% as of June 30, 2020.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Letters of Credit, Surety Bonds and Bank Guarantees

Certain customers require us to post letters of credit, bank guarantees or surety bonds. These security instruments assure that we will perform under the terms of our contract. In the event of default, the counterparty may demand payment from the bank under a letter of credit or bank guarantee, or performance by the surety under a bond. To date, there have been no significant draws or claims related to security instruments for the periods reported. We were contingently liable for letters of credit of $33.1 million as of June 30, 2020. We also had surety bonds totaling $162.0 million that were outstanding, with additional bonding capacity of $588.0 million available, at June 30, 2020.

We have an $8.6 million facility agreement (Facility Agreement) between Powell (UK) Limited and a large international bank that provides Powell (UK) Limited the ability to enter into bank guarantees as well as forward exchange contracts and currency options. At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding guarantees totaling $7.9 million and amounts available under this Facility Agreement were $0.7 million. The Facility Agreement provides for financial covenants and customary events of default, and carries cross-default provisions with our U.S. Revolver. If an event of default (as defined in the Facility Agreement) occurs and is continuing, per the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, obligations outstanding under the Facility Agreement may be accelerated and declared immediately due and payable. As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the Facility Agreement.  

Litigation

We are involved in various legal proceedings, claims and other disputes arising from our commercial operations, projects, employees and other matters which, in general, are subject to uncertainties and in which the outcomes are not predictable. Although we can give no assurances about the resolution of pending claims, litigation or other disputes and the effect such outcomes may have on us, management believes that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 for a full description of our existing stock-based compensation plans.

Restricted Stock Units

We issue restricted stock units (RSUs) to certain officers and key employees of the Company. The fair value of the RSUs is based on the price of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on the grant dates. The typical annual grant vests over a three-year period from the date of issuance and is a blend of time-based and performance-based shares. The portion of the grant that is time-based typically vests over a three-year period on each anniversary of the grant date, based on continued employment. The performance-based shares vest based on the three-year earnings performance of the Company following the grant date. At June 30, 2020, there were 154,034 RSUs outstanding. The RSUs do not have voting rights but do receive dividend equivalents upon vesting. Additionally, the shares of common stock underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding until vested and common stock is issued.

Total RSU activity (number of shares) for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized below:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	131,850		$	33.76
Granted	70,500		38.53
Vested	(47,566	)	35.63
Forfeited/canceled	(750	)	33.16
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	154,034		35.37

During the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recorded compensation expense of $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, related to the RSUs. 

Restricted Stock

Each non-employee director receives 2,400 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock annually. Fifty-percent of the restricted stock granted to each of our non-employee directors vests immediately, while the remaining fifty-percent vests on the anniversary of the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized immediately for the first fifty-percent of the restricted stock granted, while compensation expense for the remaining fifty-percent is recognized over the remaining vesting period. In February 2020, 16,800 shares of restricted stock were issued to our non-employee directors under the 2014 Director Plan at a price of $36.25 per share. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we recorded compensation expense of $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to restricted stock. 

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as an “exit price” which represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability. The accounting guidance requires the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. As a basis for considering such assumptions and inputs, a fair value hierarchy has been established which identifies and prioritizes three levels of inputs to be used in measuring fair value.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 — Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, including: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data and require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at June 30, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	156,026	$	—	$	—	$	156,026
Short-term investments	7,330		—		—		7,330
Other assets	—		6,997		—		6,997
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,370		—		6,370

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at September 30, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,639	$	—	$	—	$	118,639
Short-term investments	6,042		—		—		6,042
Other assets	—		6,825		—		6,825
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,249		—		6,249

Fair value guidance requires certain fair value disclosures be presented in both interim and annual reports.  The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined using available market information and valuation methodologies described below.

Cash and cash equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents, primarily funds held in money market savings instruments, are reported at their current carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and are included in cash and cash equivalents in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Short-term Investments – Short-term investments include time deposits with original maturities of three months or more.

Other Assets/Deferred Compensation – We hold investments in an irrevocable Rabbi Trust for our deferred compensation plan. The assets are primarily related to company-owned life insurance policies and are included in other assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance sheets. Because the mutual funds and company-owned life insurance policies are combined in the plan, they are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The deferred compensation liability represents the investment options that the plan participants have designated to serve as the basis for measurement of the notional value of their accounts. Because the deferred compensation liability is intended to offset the plan assets, it is also categorized as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy.

There were no transfers between levels within the fair value measurement hierarchy during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

Our leases consist primarily of office and manufacturing space, construction equipment and office equipment. All of our future lease obligations are related to non-cancelable operating leases. The most significant portion of our lease portfolio relates to leases of office and manufacturing facilities in Canada which we no longer occupy. We currently sublease the majority of these Canadian facilities. The following table provides a summary of lease cost components for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Lease Cost	Three months ended June 30, 2020			Nine months ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	571		$	1,779
Less: sublease income	(156		)	(393		)
Variable lease cost(1)	86			265
Short-term lease cost(2)	148			496
Total lease cost	$	649		$	2,147

⁽¹⁾ Variable lease cost represents common area maintenance charges related to our Canadian office space leases.

⁽²⁾ Short-term lease cost includes leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less.

We recognize operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities representing the present value of the remaining lease payments for leases with initial terms greater than twelve months. Leases with initial terms of twelve months or less are not recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our operating lease assets have been reduced by a lease accrual of $0.6 million related to certain unused facility leases in Canada. The following table provides a summary of the operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Operating Leases	June 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets, net	$	5,542
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870
Total lease liabilities	$	6,176

The following table provides the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	773
2021	2,414
2022	2,140
2023	1,109
2024	85
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments	6,521
Less: present value discount (imputed interest)	(345		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,176

The weighted average discount rate as of June 30, 2020 was 4.22%. The weighted average remaining lease term was 2.7 years at June 30, 2020.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The calculation of the effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income before income taxes	$	2,922		$	5,886		$	15,810		$	4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559		)	797			2,133			963
Net income	$	3,481		$	5,089		$	13,677		$	3,352
Effective tax rate	(19		)%	14		%	13		%	22		%

Our income tax (benefit) provision reflects an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of negative 19% for the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 compared to 14% in the third quarter of Fiscal 2019. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by the tax benefits related to the Research and Development Tax Credit (R&D Tax Credit) and the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. In addition, as a result of the expiration of certain U.S. federal statutes of limitations and the effective settlement of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit, $1.7 million of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits related to these matters was released. These benefits were partially offset by losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance. For the third quarter of Fiscal 2019, the effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the relative amounts of income recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance.

The effective tax rate of 13% for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by the current year estimated R&D Tax Credit as well as the projected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. Likewise, the discrete items recorded in the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 in the amount of $1.7 million associated with the release of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitations and the IRS audit settlement favorably impacted the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate was negatively impacted by the discrete item recorded in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020 for the valuation allowance against our UK deferred tax assets in the amount of $0.5 million as well as by the losses recognized in various foreign jurisdictions that were reserved with a valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the effective tax rate of 22% approximated the U.S. federal statutory rate as the immaterial losses incurred by various foreign jurisdictions reserved with a valuation allowance had a minimal impact on the effective tax rate. There were no material discrete items recognized in the first nine months of Fiscal 2019.

During our assessment of deferred income taxes, in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, we recorded a valuation allowance of $0.5 million against our UK net deferred tax assets. In assessing the realizability of net deferred tax assets, we determined it was more-likely-than-not that the net deferred tax assets may not be realized based upon recent UK tax losses and anticipated results in the near term. Estimates may change as new events occur, estimates of future taxable income are reduced or increased, additional information becomes available, or operating environments change, which may result in a full or partial reversal of the valuation allowance.

Due to the expiration of certain federal statutes of limitations and the settlement of the IRS audit discussed above, management believes that, within the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will remain materially unchanged. We are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates regarding the timing of future cash outflows, if any, associated with the remaining unrecognized tax benefits for the open periods of Fiscal 2018 - 2020.

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Separation Costs

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Separation Costs

Separation CostsIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in oil and gas demand and volatility of commodity prices, we implemented workforce reductions at most of our locations. As a result, we recorded $1.4 million of separation costs in restructuring and other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Quarterly Dividend Declared

On August 4, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.26 per share. The dividend is payable on September 16, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 19, 2020.

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Powell and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows with respect to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year. We believe that these financial statements contain all adjustments necessary so that they are not misleading.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Powell and its subsidiaries included in Powell’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on December 5, 2019.

References to Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 used throughout this report shall mean our fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. The most significant estimates used in our condensed consolidated financial statements affect revenue recognition and estimated cost recognition on our customer contracts, the allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, warranty accruals and income taxes. The amounts recorded for warranties, legal, income taxes, impairment of long-lived assets (when applicable) and other contingent liabilities require judgments regarding the amount of expenses that will ultimately be incurred. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions, as well as the specific circumstances surrounding these contingent liabilities, in evaluating the amount of liability that should be recorded. Additionally, the recognition of deferred tax assets requires estimates related to future income and other assumptions regarding timing and future profitability because the ultimate realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Estimates routinely change as new events occur, additional information becomes available or operating environments change. Actual results may differ from our prior estimates.

New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Standards

Effective October 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard and recorded operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $7.0 million and determined that no adjustment to retained earnings was necessary. Financial results for reporting periods after October 1, 2019 are reported under the new standard; however financial results for prior periods were not adjusted and will continue to be presented in accordance with the previous standard. Upon adoption, we elected a package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed for the historical classification of our existing leases to carryforward. Additionally, we elected to separate non-lease components for our real estate and IT infrastructure asset classes. All other asset classes account for both lease and non-lease components in the operating lease asset and operating lease liability calculations. See Note I for further discussion of leases.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new topic on measurement of credit losses. The topic introduces an impairment model known as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model that is based on an expected loss methodology rather than an incurred loss methodology for financial instruments. Under the new topic, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses with the intention of improving financial reporting by requiring timelier recognition of such losses. Enhanced disclosure of information regarding how a company developed its allowance, including changes in the factors that influenced management's estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes, will be required upon adoption. The new topic is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This would be our fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. We are still evaluating the impact this new topic will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Variable Consideration

It is common for our long-term contracts to contain variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Due to the nature of our contracts, estimating total cost and revenue can be complex and subject to variability due to change orders, back charges, spare parts, early completion bonuses, customer allowances and liquidated damages. We estimate the amount of variable consideration based on the expected value method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amount, or the most likely amount method which uses various factors including experience with similar transactions and assessment of our anticipated performance. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if legally enforceable and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

Contract Modifications

Contracts may be modified for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the enforceable rights and obligations under the contract. Most of our contract modifications are for goods and services that are not distinct from the existing performance obligation. Contract modifications result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue based on our measure of progress for the performance obligation.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections affects accounts receivable, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (contract assets) and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts (contract liabilities) in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Contract assets are recorded when revenues are recognized in excess of amounts billed for fixed-price contracts as determined by the billing milestone schedule. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when billing milestones have been met, or we have an unconditional right to payment.

Contract liabilities typically represent advance payments from contractual billing milestones and billings in excess of revenue recognized. It is unusual to have advanced milestone payments with a term greater than one year, which could represent a financing component on the contract.

Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period and are generally classified as current.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract or with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition for contracts, we evaluate whether a contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation or, less commonly, whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one performance obligation. This evaluation of performance obligations requires significant judgment. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation where multiple engineered products and services are combined into a single custom-engineered solution. Our contracts generally include a standard assurance warranty that typically ends 18 months after shipment. Occasionally, we provide service-type warranties that will extend the warranty period. These extended warranties qualify as a separate performance obligation, and revenue is deferred and recognized over the warranty period. If we determine during the evaluation of the contract that there are multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, which we refer to as backlog, represent the estimated transaction price for goods and services for which we have a material right but work has not been performed.The timing of our invoice process is typically dependent on the completion of certain milestones and contract terms and subject to agreement by our customer. Payment is typically expected within 30 days of invoice. Any uncollected invoiced amounts for our performance obligations recognized over time, including contract retentions, are recorded as accounts receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain contracts contain retention provisions that become due upon completion of contractual requirements.

Revenue Recognition

The majority of our revenues are generated from the manufacturing of custom-engineered products and systems under long-term fixed-price contracts under which we agree to manufacture various products such as traditional and arc-resistant distribution switchgear and control gear, medium-voltage circuit breakers, monitoring and control communications systems, motor control centers and bus duct systems. These products may be sold separately as an engineered solution, but are typically integrated into custom-built enclosures which we also build. These enclosures are referred to as power control room substations (PCRs®), custom-engineered modules or electrical houses (E-Houses). Some contracts may also include the installation and the commissioning of these enclosures.

Revenue from these contracts is generally recognized over time utilizing the cost-to-cost method to measure the extent of progress toward the completion of the performance obligation and the recognition of revenue over time. We believe that this method is the most accurate representation of our performance, because it directly measures the value of the services transferred to the customer over time as we incur costs on our contracts. Contract costs include all direct materials, labor, and indirect costs related to contract performance, which may include indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs.

We also have contracts to provide value-added services such as field service inspection, installation, commissioning, modification and repair, as well as retrofit and retrofill components for existing systems. As a practical expedient, if the service contract terms give us the right to invoice the customer for an amount that corresponds directly with the value of our performance completed to date (i.e., a service contract in which we bill a fixed amount for each hour of service provided), then we recognize revenue over

time in each reporting period corresponding to the amount with which we have the right to invoice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as the work progresses. Revenues from our custom-engineered products and value-added services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 95% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 93% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

We also have sales orders for spare parts and replacement circuit breakers for switchgear that are obsolete or that are no longer produced by the original manufacturer. Revenues from these sales orders are recognized at the time we fulfill our performance obligation to the customer, which is typically upon shipment and represented approximately 5% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 7% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Additionally, some contracts may contain a cancellation clause that could limit the amount of revenue we are able to recognize over time. In these instances, revenue and costs associated with these contracts are deferred and recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is fulfilled.

Selling and administrative costs incurred in relation to obtaining a contract are typically expensed as incurred. We periodically utilize a third-party sales agent to obtain a contract and will pay a commission to that agent. We record the full commission liability to the third-party sales agents at the order date, with a corresponding deferred asset. As the project progresses, we record commission expense based on percentage of completion rates that correlate to the project and reduce the deferred asset. Once we have been paid by the customer, we pay the commission and the deferred liability is reduced

Contract Estimates

Actual revenues and project costs may vary from previous estimates due to changes in a variety of factors. The cost estimation process is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of our engineers, project managers and financial professionals. Factors that are considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, and the effect of any delays on our project performance. We periodically review our job performance, job conditions, estimated profitability and final contract settlements, including our estimate of total costs and make revisions to costs and income in the period in which the revisions are probable and reasonably estimable. Whenever revisions of estimated contract costs and contract values indicate that the contract costs will exceed estimated revenues, thus creating a loss, a provision for the total estimated loss is recorded in that period.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Shares used in Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following table reconciles basic and diluted weighted average shares used in the computation of earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	3,481	$	5,089	$	13,677	$	3,352
Denominator:
Weighted average basic shares	11,631		11,579		11,622		11,567
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units	67		24		64		22
Weighted average diluted shares	11,698		11,603		11,686		11,589
Income per share:
Basic	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.18	$	0.29
Diluted	$	0.30	$	0.44	$	1.17	$	0.29

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Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Activity in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

Activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	300		$	214		$	301		$	157
Bad debt expense	136			25			187			126
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries	(2		)	(31		)	(57		)	(74		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	—			(3		)	3			(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	434		$	205		$	434		$	205

Components of Inventories

The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Raw materials, parts and sub-assemblies, net	$	30,481	$	28,102
Work-in-progress	1,182		1,100
Total inventories	$	31,663	$	29,202

Activity in Product Warranty Accrual

Activity in our product warranty accrual consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,276		$	2,986		$	2,946		$	2,604
Increase in warranty expense	276			945			1,904			2,572
Deduction for warranty charges	(555		)	(754		)	(1,826		)	(1,992		)
Change due to foreign currency translation	14			3			(13		)	(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,011		$	3,180		$	3,011		$	3,180

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Contract Asset and Liabilities

Contract assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 are summarized below (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Contract assets	$	51,723		$	55,374
Contract liabilities	(97,969		)	(71,464		)
Net contract liability	$	(46,246	)	$	(16,090	)

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present our disaggregated revenue by geographic destination and market sector for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	$	89,499	$	99,745	$	318,009	$	292,049
Canada	16,970		20,206		46,831		45,015
Europe, Middle East and Africa	6,422		9,659		25,404		20,608
Asia/Pacific	4,643		4,682		11,784		9,155
Mexico, Central and South America	528		1,296		1,753		1,849
Total revenues by geographic destination	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

	Three months ended June 30,				Nine months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Oil and gas	$	45,851	$	62,356	$	157,798	$	167,954
Petrochemical	29,293		21,086		107,057		63,387
Electric utility	16,725		26,425		63,994		66,066
Traction power	9,122		7,423		31,417		18,457
All others	17,071		18,298		43,515		52,812
Total revenues by market sector	$	118,062	$	135,588	$	403,781	$	368,676

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Long-term debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Industrial development revenue bonds	$	800		$	1,200
Less: current portion	(400		)	(400		)
Total long-term debt	$	400		$	800

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity

Total RSU activity (number of shares) for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized below:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	131,850		$	33.76
Granted	70,500		38.53
Vested	(47,566	)	35.63
Forfeited/canceled	(750	)	33.16
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	154,034		35.37

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2020
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at June 30, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	156,026	$	—	$	—	$	156,026
Short-term investments	7,330		—		—		7,330
Other assets	—		6,997		—		6,997
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,370		—		6,370

The following table summarizes the fair value of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at September 30, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	118,639	$	—	$	—	$	118,639
Short-term investments	6,042		—		—		6,042
Other assets	—		6,825		—		6,825
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	—		6,249		—		6,249

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Lease Cost

The following table provides a summary of lease cost components for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Lease Cost	Three months ended June 30, 2020			Nine months ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	571		$	1,779
Less: sublease income	(156		)	(393		)
Variable lease cost(1)	86			265
Short-term lease cost(2)	148			496
Total lease cost	$	649		$	2,147

⁽¹⁾ Variable lease cost represents common area maintenance charges related to our Canadian office space leases.

⁽²⁾ Short-term lease cost includes leases and rentals with initial terms of one year or less.

Operating Lease Assets and Liabilities

The following table provides a summary of the operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Operating Leases	June 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets, net	$	5,542
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870
Total lease liabilities	$	6,176

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following table provides the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	773
2021	2,414
2022	2,140
2023	1,109
2024	85
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments	6,521
Less: present value discount (imputed interest)	(345		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,176

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Calculation of the Effective Income Tax Rate

The calculation of the effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Nine months ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income before income taxes	$	2,922		$	5,886		$	15,810		$	4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559		)	797			2,133			963
Net income	$	3,481		$	5,089		$	13,677		$	3,352
Effective tax rate	(19		)%	14		%	13		%	22		%

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Standard (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Oct. 01, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease assets, net	$ 5,542
Operating lease liabilities	$ 6,176
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease assets, net		$ 7,000
Operating lease liabilities		$ 7,000

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net income	$ 3,481	$ 7,421	$ 2,775	$ 5,089	$ 958	$ (2,695)	$ 13,677	$ 3,352
Denominator:
Weighted average basic shares (in shares)	11,631			11,579			11,622	11,567
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (in shares)	67			24			64	22
Weighted average diluted shares (in shares)	11,698			11,603			11,686	11,589
Income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30			$ 0.44			$ 1.18	$ 0.29
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30			$ 0.44			$ 1.17	$ 0.29

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Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts - Activity in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 300	$ 214	$ 301	$ 157
Bad debt expense	136	25	187	126
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries	(2)	(31)	(57)	(74)
Change due to foreign currency translation	0	(3)	3	(4)
Balance at end of period	$ 434	$ 205	$ 434	$ 205

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Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Raw materials, parts and sub-assemblies, net	$ 30,481	$ 28,102
Work-in-progress	1,182	1,100
Total inventories	$ 31,663	$ 29,202

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Detail of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts - Activity in Product Warranty Accrual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 3,276	$ 2,986	$ 2,946	$ 2,604
Increase in warranty expense	276	945	1,904	2,572
Deduction for warranty charges	(555)	(754)	(1,826)	(1,992)
Change due to foreign currency translation	14	3	(13)	(4)
Balance at end of period	$ 3,011	$ 3,180	$ 3,011	$ 3,180

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Changes in contract estimates related to projects in progress			$ 10.8	$ 4.3
Transferred over Time | Product Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	95.00%	93.00%	95.00%	93.00%
Transferred at Point in Time | Product Concentration Risk | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	5.00%	7.00%	5.00%	7.00%

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Revenue - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 532.2
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-07-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 342.4
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months

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Revenue - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 51,723	$ 51,723	$ 55,374
Contract liabilities	(97,969)	(97,969)	(71,464)
Net contract liability	(46,246)	(46,246)	(16,090)
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities	34,600	67,100
Retention amounts included in accounts receivable	6,700	6,700	$ 5,600
Retained amount expected to be collected in the next twelve months	5,600	5,600
Retained amount expected to be collected	$ 1,100	$ 1,100

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 118,062	$ 135,588	$ 403,781	$ 368,676
Oil and gas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	45,851	62,356	157,798	167,954
Petrochemical
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	29,293	21,086	107,057	63,387
Electric utility
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	16,725	26,425	63,994	66,066
Traction power
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,122	7,423	31,417	18,457
All others
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	17,071	18,298	43,515	52,812
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	89,499	99,745	318,009	292,049
Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	16,970	20,206	46,831	45,015
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,422	9,659	25,404	20,608
Asia/Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,643	4,682	11,784	9,155
Mexico, Central and South America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 528	$ 1,296	$ 1,753	$ 1,849

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Long-Term Debt - Components of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Industrial development revenue bonds	$ 800	$ 1,200
Less: current portion	(400)	(400)
Total long-term debt	$ 400	$ 800

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Long-Term Debt - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 27, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2001 USD ($)
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility borrowings, outstanding amount		$ 800,000	$ 1,200,000
U.S. Revolver
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Percentage of voting capital stock pledged as collateral		100.00%
Non-domestic subsidiaries of voting capital stock		65.00%
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility	$ 75,000,000.0
Revolving credit facility borrowings, outstanding amount		$ 0
Amount available under the credit facility		41,900,000
Debt covenant, consolidated leverage ratio (less than)	3.0
Debt covenant, consolidated interest coverage ratio (greater than)	3.0
Cash collateral pledged balance	$ 30,000,000
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement | Fed Funds Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.50%
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement | LIBOR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.00%
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement | Base Rate | Minimum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	(0.25%)
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement | Base Rate | Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.75%
U.S. Revolver | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement | Financial Standby Letter of Credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Guarantee liability		33,100,000
Industrial Development Revenue Bonds
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowings				$ 8,000,000.0
Reimbursement agreement requires annual redemptions		$ 400,000
Interest rate		0.36%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Guarantee Obligations [Line Items]
Additional bonding capacity	$ 588.0
Facility Agreement | Powell (UK) Limited
Guarantee Obligations [Line Items]
Guarantee liability	7.9
Revolving credit facility	8.6
Amount of credit facility remaining borrowing capacity	0.7
Surety Bonds
Guarantee Obligations [Line Items]
Guarantee liability	$ 162.0

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Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Unvested restricted stock outstanding (in shares)		154,034		131,850
Compensation expense		$ 1.9	$ 1.8
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Time Based Restricted Stock Unit
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Restricted Stock
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense		$ 0.5	$ 0.4
Restricted Stock | Non Employee Director Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued under the plan (in shares)		2,400
Restricted stock issued (in shares)	16,800
Shares issued, price per share (in shares)	$ 36.25
Restricted Stock | Non Employee Director Equity Incentive Plan | Immediate Vesting
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting, percentage		50.00%
Restricted Stock | Non Employee Director Equity Incentive Plan | Anniversary of Grant Date
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting, percentage		50.00%

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Number of Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	131,850
Granted (in shares) | shares	70,500
Vested (in shares) | shares	(47,566)
Forfeited/canceled (in shares) | shares	(750)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	154,034
Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 33.76
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	38.53
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	35.63
Forfeited/canceled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	33.16
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 35.37

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 156,026	$ 118,639
Short-term investments	7,330	6,042
Other assets	6,997	6,825
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	6,370	6,249
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	156,026	118,639
Short-term investments	7,330	6,042
Other assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Other assets	6,997	6,825
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	6,370	6,249
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Other assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation	$ 0	$ 0

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Leases - Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 571	$ 1,779
Less: sublease income	(156)	(393)
Variable lease cost	86	265
Short-term lease cost	148	496
Total lease cost	$ 649	$ 2,147

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Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Lease accrual	$ 0.6
Weighted average discount rate, percent	4.22%
Weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 8 months 12 days

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Leases - Summary of Operating Lease Assets and Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Assets:
Operating lease assets, net	$ 5,542
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	2,306
Long-term operating lease liabilities	3,870
Total lease liabilities	$ 6,176

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Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of 2020	$ 773
2021	2,414
2022	2,140
2023	1,109
2024	85
Thereafter	0
Total future minimum lease payments	6,521
Less: present value discount (imputed interest)	(345)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 6,176

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Calculation of the Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income before income taxes	$ 2,922			$ 5,886			$ 15,810	$ 4,315
Income tax provision (benefit)	(559)			797			2,133	963
Net income	$ 3,481	$ 7,421	$ 2,775	$ 5,089	$ 958	$ (2,695)	$ 13,677	$ 3,352
Effective tax rate	(19.00%)			14.00%			13.00%	22.00%

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rate	(19.00%)	14.00%	13.00%	22.00%
Unrecognized tax benefits, decrease due to release of reserves as a result of expiration of statutes of limitations and IRS settlements	$ 1.7
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance					$ 0.5

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Separation Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring and separation costs	$ 1,400	$ 233	$ 1,400	$ 233

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Subsequent Events (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 04, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Quarterly cash dividend (in dollars per share)		$ 0.26	$ 0.26	$ 0.78	$ 0.78
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Quarterly cash dividend (in dollars per share)	$ 0.26