N-Q

UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

 Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM N-Q 

QUARTERLY SCHEDULE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS OF REGISTERED 

MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES 

Investment Company Act File Number: 811-2396 

T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc. 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) 

100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 

(Address of principal executive offices) 

David Oestreicher 

100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 

(Name and address of agent for service) 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 345-2000 

Date of fiscal year end: May 31 

Date of reporting period: August 31, 2010 

Item 1. Schedule of Investments

 New Income Fund August 31, 2010 

T. ROWE PRICE NEW INCOME FUND 

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this Portfolio of Investments.

T. Rowe Price New Income Fund
Unaudited

NOTES TO PORTFOLIO OF INVESTMENTS

T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc. (the fund), is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The fund seeks the highest level of income consistent with the preservation of capital over time by investing primarily in marketable debt securities.

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Preparation
The accompanying Portfolio of Investments was prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), which require the use of estimates made by fund management. Fund management believes that estimates and security valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the security valuations reflected in the Portfolio of Investments may differ from the values ultimately realized upon sale of the securities.

Investment Transactions
Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date.

Currency Translation
Assets, including investments, and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar values each day at the prevailing exchange rate, using the mean of the bid and asked prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars as quoted by a major bank. Purchases and sales of securities are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the date of the transaction.

New Accounting PronouncementOn June 1, 2010, the fund adopted new accounting guidance that requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements in the financial statements. Adoption of this guidance had no impact on the fund’s net assets or results of operations.

NOTE 2 - VALUATION

The fund’s investments are reported at fair value as defined by GAAP. The fund values its investments and computes its net asset value per share at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day that the NYSE is open for business.

Valuation Methods
Debt securities are generally traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market. Securities with remaining maturities of one year or more at the time of acquisition are valued at prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service, which considers the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities. Securities with remaining maturities of less than one year at the time of acquisitiongenerally use amortized cost in local currency to approximate fair value. However, if amortized cost is deemed not to reflect fair value or the fund holds a significant amount of such securities with remaining maturities of more than 60 days, the securities are valued at prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service.

Equity securities listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC market are valued at the last quoted sale price or, for certain markets, the official closing price at the time the valuations are made, except for OTC Bulletin Board securities, which are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices for domestic securities and the last quoted sale price for international securities.

Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing net asset value per share on the day of valuation. Investments in private investment companies are valued at the entity’s net asset value (or equivalent) as of the valuation date.Forward currency exchange contracts are valued using the prevailing forward exchange rate.Swaps are valued at prices furnished by independent swap dealers or by an independent pricing service.

Other investments, including restricted securities, and those for which the above valuation procedures are inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value are stated at fair value as determined in good faith by the T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee, established by the fund’s Board of Directors.

Valuation Inputs
Various inputs are used to determine the value of the fund’s investments. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities

Level 2 – observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and credit risk)

Level 3 – unobservable inputs

Observable inputs are those based on market data obtained from sources independent of the fund, and unobservable inputs reflect the fund’s own assumptions based on the best information available. The input levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with investments at that level. The following table summarizes the fund’s investments, based on the inputs used to determine their values on August 31, 2010:

Following is a reconciliation of the fund’s Level 3 holdings for the three months ended August 31, 2010. Gain (loss) reflects both realized and change in unrealized gain (loss) on Level 3 holdings during the period, if any. The change in unrealized gain/loss on Level 3 instruments held at August 31, 2010, totaled $(2,166,000) for the three months ended August 31, 2010.

NOTE 3 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The fund may invest in derivative instruments. As defined by GAAP, a derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying security price, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, index of prices or rates, or other variable; it requires little or no initial investment and permits or requires net settlement. The fund invests in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards are consistent with its investment objectives, policies, and overall risk profile, as described in its prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. The fund may use derivatives for a variety of purposes, such as seeking to hedge against declines in principal value, increase yield, invest in an asset with greater efficiency and at a lower cost than is possible through direct investment, or to adjust portfolio duration andcredit exposure. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. Investments in derivatives can magnify returns positively or negatively; however, the fund at all times maintains sufficient cash reserves, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover the settlement obligations under its open derivative contracts.

The fund values its derivatives at fair value, as described below and in Note 2, and recognizes changes in fair value currently in its results of operations. Accordingly, the fund does not follow hedge accounting, even for derivatives employed as economic hedges. The fund does not offset the fair value of derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or obligation to return collateral.

Forward Currency Exchange Contracts
The fund uses forward currency exchange contracts (forwards) primarily to protect its non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities from adverse currency movements relative to the U.S. dollar. A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a fixed amount of a specific currency on a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Although certain forwards may be settled by exchanging only the net gain or loss on the contract, most forwards are settled with the exchange of the underlying currencies in accordance with the specified terms. Forwards are valued at the unrealized gain or loss on the contract, which reflects the net amount the fund either is entitled to receive or obligated to deliver, as measured by the difference between the forward exchange rates at the date of entry into the contract and the forward rates at the reporting date. Risks related to the use of forwards include the possible failure of counterparties to meet the terms of the agreements; that anticipated currency movements will not occur thereby reducing the fund’s total return; and the potential for losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.

Credit Default Swaps
The fund may use swaps in an effort to manage exposure to changes in interest rates and credit quality, to adjust overall exposure to certain markets, to enhance total return or protect the value of portfolio securities, to serve as a cash management tool, and/or to adjust portfolio duration or credit exposure. Credit default swaps are agreements where one party (the protection buyer) agrees to make periodic payments to another party (the protection seller) in exchange for protection against specified credit events, such as certain defaults and bankruptcies related to an underlying credit instrument, index, or issuer thereof. Upon occurrence of a specified credit event, the protection seller is required to pay the buyer the difference between the notional amount of the swap and the value of the underlying credit, either in the form of a net cash settlement or by paying the gross notional amount and accepting delivery of the relevant underlying credit. Generally, the payment risk for the seller of protection is inversely related to the current market price of the underlying credit; therefore, the payment risk increases as the price of the relevant underlying credit declines due to market valuations of credit quality. The notional amount of protection sold by the fund reflects the maximum potential amount the fund could be required to pay under such contracts. The value of a swap included in net assets is the unrealized gain or loss on the contract plus or minus any unamortized premiums paid or received, respectively. Risks related to the use of credit default swaps include the possible inability of the fund to accurately assess the current and future creditworthiness of underlying issuers, the possible failure of a counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.

Counterparty Risk and Collateral
The fund has entered into collateral agreements with certain counterparties to mitigate counterparty risk associated with over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including swaps and forward currency exchange contracts. Subject to certain minimum exposure requirements (which range from $100,000 to $500,000), collateral generally is determined based on the net aggregate unrealized gain or loss on all OTC derivative contracts with a particular counterparty. Collateral, both pledged by and for the benefit of the fund, is held in a segregated account by a third-party agent and can be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. government or related agencies. Securities posted as collateral by the fund are so noted in the accompanying Portfolio of Investments and remain in the fund’s net assets. As of August 31, 2010, securities valued at $10,770,000 had been posted by the fund for the benefit of counterparties and securities valued at $268,000 were pledged as collateral by counterparties for the benefit of the fund.

At any point in time, the fund’s risk of loss from counterparty credit risk on OTC derivatives is the aggregate unrealized gain on appreciated contracts in excess of any collateral pledged by the counterparty for the benefit of the fund. In accordance with standard derivatives agreements, counterparties to OTC derivatives may be able to terminate derivative contracts prior to maturity in the event the fund fails to maintain sufficient asset coverage; its net assets decline by stated percentages; or it otherwise fails to meet the terms of its agreements, which would cause the fund to accelerate payment of any net liability owed to the counterparty under the contract.

NOTE 4 - OTHER INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS

Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks and/or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.

Restricted Securities
The fund may invest in securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Prompt sale of such securities at an acceptable price may be difficult and may involve substantial delays and additional costs.

TBA Purchase Commitments
The fund may enter into “to be announced” (TBA) purchase commitments, pursuant to which it agrees to purchase mortgage-backed securities for a fixed unit price, with payment and delivery at a scheduled future date beyond the customary settlement period for that security. With TBA transactions, the particular securities to be delivered are not identified at trade date; however, delivered securities must meet specified terms, including issuer, rate and mortgage term, and be within industry-accepted “good delivery” standards. The fund generally enters into TBA transactions with the intention of taking possession of the underlying mortgage securities but can extend the settlement or roll the transaction. Until settlement, the fund maintains cash reserves and liquid assets sufficient to settle its TBA commitments.

Securities Lending
The fund lends its securities to approved brokers to earn additional income. It receives as collateral cash and U.S. government securities valued at 102% to 105% of the value of the securities on loan. Cash collateral is invested by the fund’s lending agent(s) in accordance with investment guidelines approved by fund management. Although risk is mitigated by the collateral, the fund could experience a delay in recovering its securities and a possible loss of income or value if the borrower fails to return the securities or if collateral investments decline in value. In accordance with accounting rules, investments made with cash collateral are reflected in the accompanying portfolio of investments, but collateral received in the form of securities are not. On August 31, 2010, the value of loaned securities was $326,883,000; aggregate collateral consisted of U.S. government securities valued at $203,766,000.

T. Rowe Price Term Asset-Backed Opportunity Fund, L.L.C.
The fund may invest in the T. Rowe Price Term Asset-Backed Opportunity Fund, L.L.C. (private fund), a private investment company managed by Price Associates that participates in the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) program created and administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). The TALF program provides eligible borrowers with term loans secured by eligible asset-backed securities and/or commercial mortgage-backed securities, which are either owned by the borrower or purchased by the borrower and subsequently pledged as collateral for a TALF loan. TALF loans generally are nonrecourse in nature. The private fund is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. It has a limited life extending five years from final termination of the TALF program, currently scheduled for June 30, 2010, with two possible one-year extensions. Invested capital generally will be returned to investors as underlying securities are liquidated and the TALF loans mature, with the balance paid at maturity of the private fund. Ownership interests in the private fund may not be redeemed, sold, or assigned.

NOTE 5 - TALF LOANS

The fund’s Board of Directors has approved direct participation in the TALF program (see Note 2). At inception of each TALF loan, a borrower must put up its own risk capital by pledging collateral valued typically between 105% and 116% of the loan principal, and possibly higher. Notwithstanding changes in the value of the collateral, borrowers will not be required to post additional collateral during the term of the loan. The TALF program provides that a borrower may surrender collateral pledged at any time prior to maturity of a loan in full satisfaction of its loan obligation and that the FRBNY can enforce its rights under a TALF loan only against the collateral pledged by the borrower, with certain exceptions. In addition to the collateral, the fund at all times maintains sufficient cash, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover its outstanding loan obligations. TALF loans generally incur an administrative fee. At August 31, 2010, portfolio securities with a value of $180,522,000 had been pledged by the fund as collateral against TALF loans outstanding in the amount of $132,187,000.

NOTE 6 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

At August 31, 2010, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was $12,175,339,000. Net unrealized gain aggregated $710,736,000 at period-end, of which $758,199,000 related to appreciated investments and $47,463,000 related to depreciated investments.

NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The fund may invest in the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund and the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund (collectively, the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds), open-end management investment companies managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates) and considered affiliates of the fund. The T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds are offered as cash management options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates and/or its affiliates and are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. The T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds pay no investment management fees.

The fund may also invest in certain T. Rowe Price institutional funds (underlying institutional funds) as a means of gaining efficient and cost-effective exposure to certain markets. The underlying institutional funds are open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and/or T. Rowe Price International, Inc. (collectively, Price managers), and are considered affiliates of the fund. Each underlying institutional fund pays an all-inclusive management and administrative fee to its Price manager. To ensure that the fund does not incur duplicate fees, each Price manager has agreed to permanently waive a portion of its management fee charged to the fund, in an amount sufficient to fully offset the fees paid by the underlying institutional funds related to fund assets invested therein.

Item 2. Controls and Procedures.

(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-Q was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.

(b) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer are aware of no change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 3. Exhibits.

Separate certifications by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, are attached.

SIGNATURES
	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment
Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.
By	/s/ Edward C. Bernard
	Edward C. Bernard
	Principal Executive Officer
Date	October 22, 2010
	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment
Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By	/s/ Edward C. Bernard
	Edward C. Bernard
	Principal Executive Officer
Date	October 22, 2010
By	/s/ Gregory K. Hinkle
	Gregory K. Hinkle
	Principal Financial Officer
Date	October 22, 2010

EX-99.CERT

Item 3.

CERTIFICATIONS 

I, Edward C. Bernard, certify that:
1.	I have reviewed this report on Form N-Q of T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
	to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under
	which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the schedules of investments included in this report fairly present in all
	material respects the investments of the registrant as of the end of the fiscal quarter for which the
	report is filed;
4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
	disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act
	of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the
	Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
		procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating
		to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
		within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
		financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
		regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
		external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and
		presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
		procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report, based on such
		evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting
		that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or
		is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial
		reporting; and
5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the
	audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent
	functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
		control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
		registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have
		a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 22, 2010	/s/ Edward C. Bernard
		Edward C. Bernard
		Principal Executive Officer

CERTIFICATIONS 

I, Gregory K. Hinkle, certify that:
1.	I have reviewed this report on Form N-Q of T. Rowe Price New Income Fund, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
	to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under
	which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the schedules of investments included in this report fairly present in all
	material respects the investments of the registrant as of the end of the fiscal quarter for which the
	report is filed;
4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
	disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act
	of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the
	Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
		procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating
		to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
		within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
		financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
		regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
		external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and
		presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
		procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report, based on such
		evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting
		that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or
		is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial
		reporting; and
5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the
	audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent
	functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
		control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
		registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have
		a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 22, 2010	/s/ Gregory K. Hinkle
		Gregory K. Hinkle
		Principal Financial Officer