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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

References to "we," "us," "our," the "Company" and "Harman" refer to Harman International Industries, Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context specifically indicates otherwise.

Description of Business: We believe we are a worldwide leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of high-quality, high-fidelity audio products and electronic systems. We have developed, both internally and through a series of strategic acquisitions, a broad range of product offerings sold under renowned brand names in our principal markets. We also believe we are a leader in digitally integrated infotainment systems for the automotive industry. Our AKG®, Crown®, JBL®, Infinity®, Harman/Kardon®, Lexicon®, dbx®, Studer®, Soundcraft®, Mark Levinson®, Selenium® and Becker® brand names are well-known worldwide for premium quality and performance. We have built these brands by developing our engineering, manufacturing and marketing competencies, and have employed these resources to establish our Company as a leader in the markets we serve.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Harman International Industries, Incorporated and our controlled subsidiary companies. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Operating results of acquired businesses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date of acquisition.

We consolidate variable interest entities if we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the entity. Operating results for variable interest entities in which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations from the date such determination is made.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to: (i) inventory valuation; (ii) depreciable lives of fixed assets; (iii) goodwill and other asset impairments; (vi) restructuring and related charges; (v) the evaluation of the recoverability of pre-production and development contract costs; (vi) warranty liabilities; (vii) allowance for doubtful accounts; (viii) contingency and litigation reserves; (ix) income tax reserves and valuation allowances; (x) accounting for business combinations; (xi) sales discounts and sales allowances, (xii) pension, postretirement and other employee benefits and (xiii) losses on Automotive supply arrangements. Various assumptions go into the determination of these estimates. The process of determining significant estimates requires consideration of factors such as historical experience, current and expected economic conditions, and actuarial methods. We reevaluate these significant factors and make changes and adjustments where facts and circumstances indicate that changes are necessary. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and the differences could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Changes in Estimates: In the ordinary course of accounting for items discussed above, we make changes in estimates as appropriate, and as we become aware of circumstances affecting those estimates. Such changes and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in reported results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Revenue Recognition: Revenue is generally recognized at the time of product shipment or delivery, depending on when the passage of title to goods transfers to unaffiliated customers and when all of the following have occurred: a firm sales agreement is in place, pricing is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Sales are reported net of estimated returns, discounts, rebates and incentives. Substantially all of our revenue transactions involve the delivery of a physical product. Royalty income, which is not material, is recorded when earned based upon contract terms with licensees which provide for royalties.

We enter into incentive agreements with certain automotive customers which relate to a specific program award. These incentives are generally based on fixed payments paid by us to the automotive manufacturer, and are generally deferred, if certain criteria are met. The deferability criteria include the existence of legally enforceable rights, management's ability and intent to enforce the recoverability clauses and the ability to generate future earnings from the agreement in excess of the deferred amounts. Capitalized amounts are amortized, generally as a reduction to revenue, over the related program award term based on our estimate of future volumes. Our estimates are reviewed regularly and the cumulative impact of a revision in estimates is recorded in the period such revisions become probable and estimable.

 

Cost of Sales: Cost of sales includes material, labor and overhead for products manufactured by us and cost of goods produced for us on a contract basis. Expenses incurred for manufacturing depreciation and engineering, warehousing, shipping and handling, sales commissions, warranty and customer service are also included in cost of sales.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: We reserve an estimated amount for accounts receivable that may not be collected. Methodologies for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts are primarily based on specific identification of uncollectible accounts. Historical collection rates and customer credit worthiness are considered in determining specific reserves. At June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, we had $7.0 million and $8.1 million, respectively, reserved for possible uncollectible accounts receivable. As with many estimates, management must make judgments about potential actions by third parties in establishing and evaluating our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Automotive Supply Arrangements: We have arrangements with our Automotive customers to provide products that meet predetermined technical specifications and delivery dates. In the event we do not satisfy the performance obligations under these arrangements, we may be required to indemnify the customer. We accrue for any loss that we expect to incur under these arrangements when the loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated.

 

Accrued Warranties: We warrant our products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for periods ranging from six months to six years from the date of purchase, depending on the business segment and product. Our dealers and warranty service providers normally perform warranty service in field locations and regional service centers, using parts and replacement finished goods we supply on an exchange basis. Our dealers and warranty service providers also install updates we provide to correct defects covered by our warranties. Estimated warranty liabilities are based upon past experience with similar types of products, the technological complexity of certain products, replacement cost and other factors. If estimates of warranty provisions are no longer adequate based on our analysis of current activity, incremental provisions are recorded as warranty expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. We take these factors into consideration when assessing the adequacy of our warranty provision for periods still open to claim. Refer to Note 6 – Accrued Warranties for further information.

Advertising Expenses: We expense advertising costs as incurred. When production costs are incurred for future advertising, these costs are recorded as an asset and subsequently expensed when the advertisement is first put into service.

R&D: Research and development is expensed as incurred. R&D, net of customer reimbursements, were $304.6 million, $322.7 million and $325.1 million for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Interest Expense, net: Interest expense, net, includes interest expense and amortization of original issue discount on debt securities and debt issuance costs, net of interest income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money-market funds and investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted Cash and Investments: We have a deferred compensation arrangement with certain foreign employees which requires us to maintain cash on hand. At June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, such restricted cash amounts were $8.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively, and were included in Other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Short-Term Investments: Short-term investments consist of investments in commercial paper, government bonds and short-term deposits with original maturities of greater than three months and less than one year.

Inventories, net: Inventories, net are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined principally by the first-in, first-out method. We establish reserves for our inventory which requires us to analyze the aging and forecasted demand for our inventories, to forecast future product sales prices, pricing trends and margins, and to make judgments and estimates regarding obsolete, damaged or excess inventory. Markdown percentages are determined based on our estimate of future demand and selling prices for our products. Future sales prices are determined based on current and forecasted market expectations, as well as terms that have been established for future orders under automotive platform arrangements. Our inventory reserves primarily relate to our raw materials as our finished goods are primarily produced to order. We calculate inventory reserves on raw materials by reviewing the levels of raw materials on-hand and comparing this to estimates of historical consumption and future demand in order to assess whether we have excess materials on-hand. If it is determined that excess materials are in inventory, an appropriate inventory reserve is established. Inventory reserves on finished goods are primarily determined through inventory turnover measures. Products showing low turnover rates are assigned a percentage reserve based on future estimates of sales volumes and margins. We make adjustments to our inventory reserves based on the identification of specific situations and increase our inventory reserves accordingly. As changes in future economic or industry conditions occur, we revise the estimates that were used to calculate our inventory reserves.

Property, Plant and Equipment, net: Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost or, in the case of capitalized leases, at the present value of the future minimum lease payments. Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the asset's useful life. Refer to Note 5 – Property, Plant and Equipment, net for more information.

 

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: We review the recoverability of our long-lived assets, including buildings, equipment and other definite-lived intangible assets, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on our ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. Our primary measure of fair value is based on undiscounted cash flows. We will continue to monitor the need for impairment tests, which could result in additional impairment charges. We did not record any impairment charges for long-lived assets in 2011 and 2009. We recognized $1.2 million in impairment charges related to facilities that were held-for-sale in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010.

Pre-Production and Development Costs: We incur pre-production and development costs related to infotainment systems that we develop for automobile manufacturers pursuant to long-term supply arrangements. Portions of these costs are reimbursable under separate agreements and are recorded as unbilled costs in our Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other current assets and Other assets, once an agreement is signed.

 

At June 30, 2011 and 2010, unbilled costs were $40.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively, related to pre-production costs. At June 30, 2011 and 2010 unbilled costs reimbursable in the next 12 months totaled $13.5 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and were recorded in other current assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unbilled costs reimbursable in subsequent years at June 30, 2011 and 2010 totaled $27.0 million and $11.7 million, respectively, and were recorded in Other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2011 and 2010, we had fixed assets of $18.0 million and $11.7 million, respectively, for molds, dies and other tools included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, which our customers will eventually purchase and own pursuant to long-term supply arrangements

 

Income Taxes: Deferred income tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the statutory marginal income tax rate in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expenses or credits are based on the changes in the deferred income tax assets or liabilities from period to period. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In determining the need for, and the amount of a valuation allowance, we consider our ability to forecast earnings, future taxable income, carryback losses, if any, and we consider feasible tax planning strategies. We believe the estimate of our income tax assets, liabilities and expenses are "critical accounting estimates" because if the actual income tax assets, liabilities and expenses differ from our estimates the outcome could have a material impact on our results of operations.

The calculation of our deferred tax liabilities involves evaluating uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether and the extent to which additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in additional tax benefits recognized in the period in which we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Refer to Note 13 – Income Taxes, for further information

.

Retirement Benefits: We provide postretirement benefits to certain employees. Employees in the United States are covered by a defined contribution plan. Our contributions to this plan are based on a percentage of employee contributions and, with the approval of our Board of Directors, profit sharing contributions may be made as a percentage of employee compensation. Effective January 1, 2010, we reinstated all the matching contributions to the defined contribution plan, which were previously suspended effective January 1, 2009. These plans are funded on a current basis. We also have a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") in the United States that provides retirement, death and termination benefits, as defined, to certain key executives designated by our Board of Directors.

Certain employees outside the United States are covered by non-contributory defined benefit plans. The defined benefit plans are funded in conformity with applicable government regulations. Generally, benefits are based on age, years of service, and the level of compensation during the final years of service. Refer to Note 16 – Retirement Benefits for more information.

 

Foreign Currency Translation: The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside of the United States generally are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets, including goodwill, and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average monthly exchange rates. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are included in net income attributable to Harman International Industries, Incorporated in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Derivative Financial Instruments: We are exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates which could affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financial activities and when appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. These derivatives are utilized to hedge economic exposures, as well as to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from shifts in market rates. We enter into limited types of derivative contracts, including foreign currency spot and forward and option contracts and an interest rate swap, to manage foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Our primary foreign currency exposure is the Euro. The fair market value of all our derivative contracts change with fluctuations in interest rates and currency rates, and are designed so that changes in their values are offset by changes in the values of the underlying exposures. Derivative financial instruments are held solely as risk management tools and not for trading or speculative purposes. We do not utilize derivatives that contain leverage features. On the date that we enter into a derivative that qualifies for hedge accounting, the derivative is designated as a hedge of the identified exposure. We document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items for which we apply hedge accounting treatment and assess the effectiveness of our hedges at inception and on an ongoing basis.

We record all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain of these derivative contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges, whereby gains and losses are reported within AOCI in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, until the underlying transaction occurs, at which point they are reported in earnings as gains or losses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain of our derivatives, for which hedge accounting is not applied, are effective as economic hedges. These derivative contracts are required to be recognized each period at fair value, with gains and losses reported in earnings in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and therefore do result in some level of earnings volatility. The level of volatility will vary with the type and amount of derivative hedges outstanding, as well as fluctuations in the currency and interest rate markets during the period. The related cash flow impacts of all our derivative activities are reflected as cash flows from operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Refer to Note 10 – Derivatives for more information.

 Interest Rate Management: We have an interest rate swap agreement to effectively convert the interest on an operating lease from a variable to a fixed rate. At the end of each reporting period, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement is calculated. The fair value is recorded as an asset or liability. The effective gain or loss is recorded as a debit or credit to AOCI in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and any ineffectiveness is recorded immediately to rent expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Upon maturity, any gain or loss within AOCI is reclassified into earnings in the then-current period. Refer to Note 10 – Derivatives for more information.

Foreign Currency Management: The fair value of foreign currency related derivatives is included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets in other current assets and accrued liabilities. The earnings impact of cash flow hedges relating to forecasted purchases of inventory in foreign currency is reported in cost of sales to match the underlying transaction being hedged. Unrealized gains and losses on these instruments are deferred in AOCI in our Consolidated Balance Sheets until the underlying transaction is recognized in earnings. The earnings impact of cash flow hedges relating to the variability in cash flows associated with foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities is reported in cost of sales, SG&A or other expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, depending on the nature of the assets or liabilities being hedged. The amounts deferred in AOCI in our Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with these instruments relate to spot-to-spot foreign currency differentials from the date of designation until the hedged transaction takes place.

Severance and Exit Costs: We recognize liabilities for severance and exit costs based upon the nature of the liability incurred. For involuntary separation programs that are conducted according to the guidelines of our written involuntary separation plan and for involuntary separation programs that are conducted according to the provisions of collective bargaining agreements or statutes, we recognize the liability when it is probable and reasonably estimable. For one-time termination benefits, such as additional severance pay, and other exit costs, such as lease and other contract termination costs, the liability is measured and originally recognized at fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred, with subsequent changes recognized in the period of change. Refer to Note 15 – Restructuring for more information.

Share-Based Compensation: Share-based compensation expense is recognized based on the estimated fair value of stock options and similar equity instruments awarded to employees. Refer to Note 14 – Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Compensation for more information.

AOCI: At June 30, 2011 and 2010 AOCI consisted of the following:

 

                 
     June 30,  

Income/(Loss):

   2011     2010  

Cumulative translation adjustment

   $ 182,134      $ 18,055   

Pension liability adjustment

     (18,303     (27,420

Unrealized (loss) gain on hedging derivatives

     (23,184     18,708   

Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities

     (3,914     (5,677
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total accumulated other comprehensive income

   $ 136,733      $ 3,666   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury Stock: We account for repurchased common stock under the cost method and include such treasury stock as a component of our shareholder's equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Retirement of treasury stock is recorded as a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in-capital in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time such retirement is approved by our Board of Directors.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Variable Interest Entities: On July 1, 2010, we adopted the new accounting guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") within Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009-17, "Consolidations (Topic 810): Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities", which amended certain provisions relating to the consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIE"). The amended provisions primarily include (i) amending the guidance for determining whether an entity is a VIE and (ii) amending the criteria for identification of the primary beneficiary of a VIE. The new provisions also require us to continually reassess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE and require that we enhance our disclosures in the financial statements about our VIE relationships. The adoption of the new guidance did not have any impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Transfers of Financial Assets: On July 1, 2010, we adopted the new accounting guidance issued by the FASB within ASU 2009-16, "Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Accounting for the Transfers of Financial Assets" relating to the accounting for transfers of financial assets. The new guidance requires additional disclosures relating to the transparency of transfers of financial assets. The adoption of the new guidance did not have any impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Multiple Element Revenue Arrangements: On July 1, 2010, we adopted the new accounting guidance issued by the FASB within ASU 2009-13, "Revenue Recognition: (Topic 605): Multiple Deliverable Revenue Arrangements—a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force," and ASU 2009-14, "Software (Topic 985): Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements – a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force." The new guidance requires a vendor to allocate revenue to each standalone deliverable in arrangements involving multiple deliverables based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. It also changes the level of evidence of the standalone selling price required to separate deliverables by allowing a vendor to make its best estimate of the standalone selling price of deliverables when more objective evidence of selling price is not available. The new guidance also excludes sales of tangible products that contain essential software elements from the scope of revenue recognition for software arrangements. Because of these changes, revenue is recognized earlier for many revenue transactions involving multiple deliverables and sales of software enabled devices. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures relating to qualitative and quantitative information about a vendor's revenue arrangements and about the significant judgments made about the application of the new guidance and any changes in those judgments or the application that may significantly affect the timing or amount of revenue recognition. The new guidance can be adopted on a prospective basis or in certain circumstances on a retrospective basis. We adopted the new guidance on a prospective basis and applied the new guidance to all arrangements entered into or materially modified on or after July 1, 2010. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Intangibles, Goodwill and Other: In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-28, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts." The new guidance requires that reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. The new guidance is effective for us for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010. We will adopt the provisions of this new guidance on July 1, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of the new provisions to have any impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

 

Business Combinations: In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-29, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations." The new guidance specifies that when comparative financial statements are presented, the revenue and earnings of the combined entity should be disclosed as though the business combination that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The new guidance applies prospectively to us for business combinations which occur on or after July 1, 2011. The impact of these new provisions on our consolidated financial statements will depend upon the nature, terms and size of the acquisitions we consummate in the future. Fair Value: In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs." The new guidance does not extend the use of fair value accounting, but provides guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within GAAP or International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs"). The new guidance also changes the wording used to describe many requirements in GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements and it clarifies the FASB's intent about the application of existing fair value measurements. The new guidance applies prospectively and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We will adopt the provisions of this new guidance on January 1, 2012. We do not expect the adoption of the new provisions to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Comprehensive Income: In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, "Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income." The new guidance requires that all non-owner changes in stockholders' equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both cases, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. If presented in a single continuous statement, the entity is required to present the components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive income and a total for other comprehensive income, along with the total of comprehensive income in that statement. If presented in the two-statement approach, the first statement which is the statement of net income, should present components of net income and total net income followed consecutively by a second statement which is the statement of other comprehensive income, that should present the components of other comprehensive income, total other comprehensive income and a total amount for comprehensive income. Regardless of the method used, the entity is required to present on the face of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income in the statement where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. The new guidance is effective retrospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. We will adopt the provisions of this new guidance on July 1, 2012. We do not expect the adoption of the new provisions to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.