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Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
The Company maintains investments in various affiliates that are accounted for as equity method investments, the most significant of which are related to the Company’s merchant alliances. The Company’s share of net income or loss from these investments is reported within income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates and the related tax expense or benefit is reported within the income tax provision in the consolidated statements of income.
Merchant Alliances
The Company maintains ownership interests in various merchant alliances. A merchant alliance is an agreement between the Company and a financial institution that combines the processing capabilities and management expertise of the Company with the visibility and distribution channel of the financial institution. A merchant alliance acquires credit and debit card transactions from merchants. The Company provides processing and other services to the alliance and charges fees to the alliance based on contractual pricing (see Note 19). The Company’s investment in its merchant alliances was $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is reported within investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Equity Method Investments
The Company maintains noncontrolling ownership interests in Sagent M&C, LLC (“Sagent”) and defi SOLUTIONS Group, LLC (collectively, the “Lending Joint Ventures”), which are accounted for under the equity method. In 2022, Sagent completed a transaction with a third party for the contribution from and the sale by such third party to Sagent of certain intangible and tangible personal property rights, resulting in a dilution of the Company’s ownership interest in Sagent. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $80 million within income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates, with related tax expense of $19 million recorded through the income tax provision, in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s remaining noncontrolling ownership interest in Sagent continues to be accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company’s net investment in the Lending Joint Ventures was $72 million and $25 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is reported within investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company maintains other strategic investments accounted for under the equity method. The Company's aggregate investment in such entities was $257 million and $266 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is reported within investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Lending Joint Ventures maintain, as amended in 2022, variable-rate term loan facilities with aggregate outstanding borrowings of $437 million in senior unsecured debt at December 31, 2022 and variable-rate revolving credit facilities with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $83 million with a syndicate of banks, which mature in April 2027. There were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facilities at December 31, 2022. The Company has guaranteed the debt of the Lending Joint Ventures and does not anticipate that the Lending Joint Ventures will fail to fulfill their debt obligations. See Note 9 for additional information.
The Company classifies distributions from its investments accounted for using the equity method in the consolidated statements of cash flows using the cumulative earnings approach. Under this approach, distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates are classified as cash flows from operating activities to the extent that the cumulative distributions do not exceed the cumulative earnings on the investment. To the extent the current period distribution exceeds the cumulative earnings on the investment, the distribution is considered a return of investment and is classified as cash flows from investing activities. The Company received cash distributions from unconsolidated affiliates of $211 million, $149 million and $151 million, of which $138 million, $115 million and $109 million were recorded as cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Other Equity Investments
The Company also maintains investments, of which it does not have significant influence, in various equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. Such investments totaled $135 million and $113 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company reviews these investments each reporting period to determine whether an impairment or observable price change for the investment has occurred. To the extent such events or changes occur, the Company evaluates the fair value compared to its cost basis in the investment. Gains or losses from a sale of these investments or a change in fair value are included within other (expense) income in the consolidated statements of income for the period. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company remeasured its equity interest in Ondot to fair value upon the acquisition of the remaining ownership interest, resulting in the recognition of a pre-tax gain of $12 million (see Note 4). Other adjustments made to the values recorded for certain equity securities and gains and losses from sales of equity securities during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were not significant.