Note 1 - General	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 1: General The consolidated financial statements of National Bankshares, Inc. (“NBI”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The National Bank of Blacksburg (the “Bank” or “NBB”) and National Bankshares Financial Services, Inc. (“NBFS”) (collectively, the “Company”), conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry. The accompanying interim period consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year or any other interim period. The interim period consolidated financial statements and financial information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. The Company posts all reports required to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on its web site at www.nationalbankshares.com. Reclassifications Certain amounts reported in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, or net cash flow. Risks and Uncertainties The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and could impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic and almost all public commerce and related business activities have been, to varying degrees, curtailed in order to reduce the rate of new infections. The pandemic and efforts to reduce its spread have caused significant disruptions in the U.S. economy and negatively impacted financial activity in the Company’s market. The Company’s employees have not experienced a high level of infection, however a large outbreak amongst employees could create widespread business continuity issues for the Company. The Congress of the United States, along with the President of the United States and the Federal Reserve have taken historic actions. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 and provided $2 trillion to cushion the economic fallout. The CARES Act employed various measures in an attempt to prevent a severe economic downturn, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also included extensive emergency funding for hospitals and providers. Certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts have had and are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations. The Company is monitoring talks for the potential of additional government aid, and will evaluate the impact if passed. The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates further or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full extent of the impact COVID-19 will have on the Company’s operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware. Financial position and results of operations The Company’s fee income has been negatively impacted during 2020 and may experience further declines. Deposit customers have reduced instances of overdraft activity, reducing this fee source. Additionally, the Company may waive various deposit and lending fees for customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company is continuously monitoring the situation and expects to continue to work with affected customers throughout the crisis in order to preserve its customer base. The Company will resume normal practices related to fees when the crisis eases. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the economic impact on fee income will extend to future periods. The Company’s interest income has declined during 2020 and the Company expects that interest income may continue at a lower than normal level. The decline stems from the low rate environment and accommodations the Company provided to qualifying borrowers experiencing pandemic related financial distress. To ease the impact of the pandemic, the Federal Reserve cut rates in March 2020. Low rates have resulted in lower pricing on new loans and a large increase in refinancing activity. In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company has actively worked with COVID-19 affected borrowers to provide short-term payment relief, including providing payment extensions, interest-only periods and rate reductions. For certain real estate secured loans, payment extensions result in reversal of previously accrued interest, immediately reducing interest income. Interest begins accruing again at the next payment date and the reversed interest will be recognized at the end of the loan term. Accrued interest on other loans is not reversed when the payment is extended. If eventual credit losses are identified on any loan that has received a payment extension or interest only period, interest and fee income accrued pursuant to U.S. GAAP accounting would be reversed at the time the loss is identified. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes economic declines may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods. Capital and Liquidity While the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses. The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets are currently available to the Company. If the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic results in volatile or elevated funding costs for an extended period of time and if it becomes necessary for the Company to access wholesale funding, the Company’s net interest margin could be adversely affected. Currently, depositors have responded to the pandemic by increasing deposits, however if an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company’s deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding. Asset valuation Currently, the Company does not expect COVID-19 to affect its ability to account timely for the assets on its balance sheet; however if the impact of the pandemic worsens, valuation procedures in future periods could be negatively affected. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances, such as widening credit spreads, the Company does not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually, usually during the fourth quarter using September 30 information, unless facts and circumstances indicate the need for more frequent impairment testing. Impairment testing considers three techniques. The first technique uses the Company’s market capitalization as an estimate of fair value; the second technique estimates fair value using current market pricing multiples for companies comparable to the Company; while the third technique uses current market pricing multiples for change-of-control transactions involving companies comparable to the Company. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant stock market volatility which adversely impacted the Company’s stock price. As a result of this volatility and impact on the market, management determined that a triggering event occurred. Management performed an interim quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of March 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Management has contracted a third party expert to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of September 30, 2020 during the fourth quarter 2020. If in the future the pandemic or other adverse events cause a sustained decline in the Company’s stock price or the occurrence of what management deems to be a triggering event, under certain circumstances prescribed by U.S. GAAP, the Company will perform goodwill impairment testing as needed, which may be more frequently than annually. In the event that testing indicates that all or a portion of goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Processes, controls and business continuity plan In response to the pandemic, the Company deployed its business continuity plan, including a remote working strategy for certain employees. The Company does not anticipate incurring additional material cost related to its continued deployment of the remote working strategy. The Company has assessed the risks associated with the remote working strategy and implemented mitigation strategies. No material operational or internal control challenges or risks have been identified to date. The Company does not anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures the Company has taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plans. Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act, the Company has provided modifications for its borrowers who are adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the borrower, the Company has provided payment extensions, granted periods of interest only payments to otherwise amortizing loans, and interest rate reductions. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has provided COVID-19 related accommodations on 361 loans with aggregate outstanding loan balances of $160,230. In accordance with the CARES act and interagency guidance issued in March 2020 and revised in April 2020, these short term extensions are not considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). The Company is monitoring loans with payment extensions, with special attention to loans with payment extensions that exceed 90 days, as well as subsequent requests for modifications to determine whether changes in risk rates, accrual status or TDR status is warranted. With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company is actively participating in assisting its customers through the program. Most of the PPP loans the Company made have a two-year term and earn interest at 1%. Guidance issued by the SBA during the second wave of funding provided terms of up to five years. If borrowers request a change from 2 years to 5 years, the Company will likely grant the request. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of September 30, 2020, the Company holds $56,260 PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs. It is the Company’s understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish additional allowance for loan loss through provision for loan loss charged to earnings. Credit The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19, providing short-term assistance in accordance with regulator guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required allowance for loan loss and record additional loan loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are prolonged.

Note 1 - General

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 1: General

The consolidated financial statements of National Bankshares, Inc. (“NBI”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The National Bank of Blacksburg (the “Bank” or “NBB”) and National Bankshares Financial Services, Inc. (“NBFS”) (collectively, the “Company”), conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry. The accompanying interim period consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the full year or any other interim period. The interim period consolidated financial statements and financial information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. The Company posts all reports required to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on its web site at www.nationalbankshares.com.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts reported in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, or net cash flow.

Risks and Uncertainties

The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and could impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic and almost all public commerce and related business activities have been, to varying degrees, curtailed in order to reduce the rate of new infections. The pandemic and efforts to reduce its spread have caused significant disruptions in the U.S. economy and negatively impacted financial activity in the Company’s market. The Company’s employees have not experienced a high level of infection, however a large outbreak amongst employees could create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.

The Congress of the United States, along with the President of the United States and the Federal Reserve have taken historic actions. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 and provided $2 trillion to cushion the economic fallout. The CARES Act employed various measures in an attempt to prevent a severe economic downturn, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also included extensive emergency funding for hospitals and providers. Certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts have had and are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations. The Company is monitoring talks for the potential of additional government aid, and will evaluate the impact if passed.

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates further or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is not possible to know the full extent of the impact COVID-19 will have on the Company’s operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.

Financial position and results of operations

The Company’s fee income has been negatively impacted during 2020 and may experience further declines. Deposit customers have reduced instances of overdraft activity, reducing this fee source. Additionally, the Company may waive various deposit and lending fees for customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company is continuously monitoring the situation and expects to continue to work with affected customers throughout the crisis in order to preserve its customer base. The Company will resume normal practices related to fees when the crisis eases. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes the economic impact on fee income will extend to future periods.

The Company’s interest income has declined during 2020 and the Company expects that interest income may continue at a lower than normal level. The decline stems from the low rate environment and accommodations the Company provided to qualifying borrowers experiencing pandemic related financial distress. To ease the impact of the pandemic, the Federal Reserve cut rates in March 2020. Low rates have resulted in lower pricing on new loans and a large increase in refinancing activity.

In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company has actively worked with COVID-19 affected borrowers to provide short-term payment relief, including providing payment extensions, interest-only periods and rate reductions. For certain real estate secured loans, payment extensions result in reversal of previously accrued interest, immediately reducing interest income. Interest begins accruing again at the next payment date and the reversed interest will be recognized at the end of the loan term. Accrued interest on other loans is not reversed when the payment is extended. If eventual credit losses are identified on any loan that has received a payment extension or interest only period, interest and fee income accrued pursuant to U.S. GAAP accounting would be reversed at the time the loss is identified. In such a scenario, interest income in future periods could be negatively impacted. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact, but recognizes economic declines may affect its borrowers’ ability to repay in future periods.

Capital and Liquidity

While the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-19, its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by further credit losses.

The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. Wholesale funding markets are currently available to the Company. If the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic results in volatile or elevated funding costs for an extended period of time and if it becomes necessary for the Company to access wholesale funding, the Company’s net interest margin could be adversely affected. Currently, depositors have responded to the pandemic by increasing deposits, however if an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company’s deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.

Asset valuation

Currently, the Company does not expect COVID-19 to affect its ability to account timely for the assets on its balance sheet; however if the impact of the pandemic worsens, valuation procedures in future periods could be negatively affected. While certain valuation assumptions and judgments will change to account for pandemic-related circumstances, such as widening credit spreads, the Company does not anticipate significant changes in methodology used to determine the fair value of assets measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually, usually during the fourth quarter using September 30 information, unless facts and circumstances indicate the need for more frequent impairment testing. Impairment testing considers three techniques. The first technique uses the Company’s market capitalization as an estimate of fair value; the second technique estimates fair value using current market pricing multiples for companies comparable to the Company; while the third technique uses current market pricing multiples for change-of-control transactions involving companies comparable to the Company.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant stock market volatility which adversely impacted the Company’s stock price. As a result of this volatility and impact on the market, management determined that a triggering event occurred. Management performed an interim quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of March 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Management has contracted a third party expert to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of September 30, 2020 during the fourth quarter 2020.

If in the future the pandemic or other adverse events cause a sustained decline in the Company’s stock price or the occurrence of what management deems to be a triggering event, under certain circumstances prescribed by U.S. GAAP, the Company will perform goodwill impairment testing as needed, which may be more frequently than annually. In the event that testing indicates that all or a portion of goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings.

Processes, controls and business continuity plan

In response to the pandemic, the Company deployed its business continuity plan, including a remote working strategy for certain employees. The Company does not anticipate incurring additional material cost related to its continued deployment of the remote working strategy. The Company has assessed the risks associated with the remote working strategy and implemented mitigation strategies. No material operational or internal control challenges or risks have been identified to date. The Company does not anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures the Company has taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The Company does not currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plans.

Lending operations and accommodations to borrowers

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act, the Company has provided modifications for its borrowers who are adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the borrower, the Company has provided payment extensions, granted periods of interest only payments to otherwise amortizing loans, and interest rate reductions. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has provided COVID-19 related accommodations on 361 loans with aggregate outstanding loan balances of $160,230. In accordance with the CARES act and interagency guidance issued in March 2020 and revised in April 2020, these short term extensions are not considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). The Company is monitoring loans with payment extensions, with special attention to loans with payment extensions that exceed 90 days, as well as subsequent requests for modifications to determine whether changes in risk rates, accrual status or TDR status is warranted.

With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company is actively participating in assisting its customers through the program. Most of the PPP loans the Company made have a two-year term and earn interest at 1%. Guidance issued by the SBA during the second wave of funding provided terms of up to five years. If borrowers request a change from 2 years to 5 years, the Company will likely grant the request. The Company believes that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of September 30, 2020, the Company holds $56,260 PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs. It is the Company’s understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish additional allowance for loan loss through provision for loan loss charged to earnings.

Credit

The Company is working with customers directly affected by COVID-19, providing short-term assistance in accordance with regulator guidelines. As a result of the current economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is engaging in more frequent communication with borrowers to better understand their situation and the challenges faced, allowing it to respond proactively as needs and issues arise. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required allowance for loan loss and record additional loan loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are prolonged.