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Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
Note
7
:
Fair Value Measurements
 
The Company records fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and determines fair value disclosures utilizing a definition of fair value of assets and liabilities that states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Additional considerations come into play in determining the fair value of assets in markets that are
not
active.
The Company uses a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The
three
levels of the fair value hierarchy based on these
two
types of inputs are as follows:
 
Level
1
– 
Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 
Level
2
Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
 
Level
3
– 
Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use
one
or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements
.
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level
1
). If quoted market prices are
not
available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and
may
determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level
2
). The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value based upon the redemption provisions of each entity and is therefore excluded from the following table.
 
   
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
September 30, 2017 Using
 
Description
 
Balance as of
September 30, 2017
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
 
$
292,229
   
$
---
   
$
292,229
   
$
---
 
States and political subdivisions
 
 
10,185
   
 
---
   
 
10,185
   
 
---
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
711
   
 
---
   
 
711
   
 
---
 
Corporate debt securities
 
 
6,198
   
 
---
   
 
6,198
   
 
---
 
Other securities
 
 
---
   
 
---
   
 
---
   
 
---
 
Total securities available for sale
 
$
309,323
   
$
---
   
$
309,323
   
$
---
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 20
16 Using
 
Description
 
Balance as of
December 31,
2016
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
  $
285,598
    $
---
    $
285,598
    $
---
 
States and political subdivisions
   
11,693
     
---
     
11,693
     
---
 
Mortgage-backed securities
   
930
     
---
     
930
     
---
 
Corporate debt securities
   
5,898
     
---
     
5,898
     
---
 
Other securities
   
163
     
---
     
163
     
---
 
Total securities available for sale
  $
304,282
    $
---
    $
304,282
    $
---
 
 
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements.
 
Loans Held for Sale
 
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. These loans currently consist of
one
-to-
four
family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets offer at the report date for similar loans using observable market data which is
not
materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level
2
). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis.
No
nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale at
September 30, 2017
or
December 31, 2016.
 
Impaired Loans
 
Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due will
not
be collected when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. If an individually-evaluated impaired loan’s balance exceeds fair value, the amount is allocated to the allowance for loan losses. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The fair value of an impaired loan and measurement of associated loss is based on
one
of
three
methods: the observable market price of the loan, the present value of projected future cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. The observable market price of a loan is categorized as a Level
1
input. The present value of projected cash flows method results in a Level
3
categorization because the calculation relies on the Company’s judgment to determine projected cash flows, which are then discounted at the current rate of the loan, or the rate prior to modification if the loan is a troubled debt restructure.
Loans measured using the fair value of collateral method
may
be categorized in Level
2
or Level
3.
Collateral
may
be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Most collateral is real estate.
The Company bases collateral method fair valuation upon the “as-is” value of independent appraisals or evaluations. Valuations for impaired loans with outstanding principal balances of
$250
or more are based on a current appraisal. Appraisals are also used to value impaired loans with principal balances of
$100
or greater and secured by
one
piece of collateral. Collateral-method impaired loans with principal balances below
$100,
or if secured by multiple pieces of collateral, below
$250,
are valued using an internal evaluation.
The value of real estate collateral is determined by a current (less than
12
months of age) appraisal or internal evaluation utilizing an income or market valuation approach. Appraisals conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data are categorized as Level
2.
If a current appraisal cannot be obtained prior to a reporting date and an existing appraisal is discounted to obtain an estimated value, or if declines in value are identified after the date of the appraisal, or if an appraisal is discounted for estimated selling costs, the valuation of real estate collateral is categorized as Level
3.
Valuations derived from internal evaluations are categorized as Level
3.
The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal (Level
2
) if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements (Level
3
) if
not
considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level
3
).
     
Impaired loans are measured quarterly for impairment. The Company employs the most applicable valuation method for each loan based on current information at the time of valuation. Valuations of loans using the collateral method
may
include a discount for selling costs if collection of the loan is expected to come from sale of the collateral. Fair value measurement using the collateral method for a loan that is dependent on the operation, but
not
the sale, of collateral for collection is
not
discounted for selling costs.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at 
September 30, 2017
and at
December 31, 2016.
 
     
 
 
 
 
Carrying V
alue
 
Date
Description
 
Balance
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Assets:
                               
September
30, 2017
Impaired
loans net of valuation allowance
 
$
1,451
   
$
---
   
$
---
   
$
1,451
 
December 31, 201
6
Impaired
loans net of valuation allowance
   
878
     
---
     
---
     
878
 
 
The following tables present information about Level
3
Fair Value Measurements for
September 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016.
 
September
30, 2017
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
 
Range
(Weighted Average)
 
Impaired loans
Present value of cash flows
Discount rate
   
5.50%
13.25%
(6.01%)
 
 
December 31, 201
6
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
 
Range
(Weighted Average)
 
Impaired loans
Present value of cash flows
Discount rate
   
6.75%
8.00%
(7.35%)
 
 
Other Real Estate Owned
 
Other real estate owned are
real estate assets acquired in full or partial satisfaction of a loan. At acquisition, other real estate owned assets are measured at fair value. If the assets are marketed for sale by an outside party, the acquisition-date fair value is discounted by selling costs; if the assets are marketed for sale by the Company,
no
reduction to fair value for selling costs is made. Subsequent to acquisition, the assets are measured at the lower of initial measurement or current fair value, discounted for selling costs as appropriate.
The fair value of an
other real estate owned asset is determined by an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level
2
). If the appraisal is discounted either for age or because management considers the real estate market to be experiencing volatility, then the fair value is considered Level
3.
Discounts for selling costs also result in measurement based on Level
3
inputs. Fair value adjustments are measured on a nonrecurring basis and are recorded in the period incurred as valuation allowances to other real estate owned, and expensed through noninterest expense.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s other real estate owned that was measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
 
     
 
 
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Date
Description
 
Balance
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Assets:
                               
September
30, 2017
Other real estate owned net of valuation allowance
 
$
2,923
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,923
 
December 31, 201
6
Other real estate owned net of valuation allowance
   
3,156
     
---
     
---
     
3,156
 
 
The following tables present information about Level
3
Fair Value Measurements for
September 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016.
 
September
30, 2017
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
(Weighted Average)
 
                     
Other real estate owned
 
Discounted appraised value
 
Selling cost
 
2.44
%
11.09%
(4.86%)
 
Other real estate owned
 
Discounted appraised value
 
Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal
 
1.68
%
60.94%
(10.34%)
 
 
December 31, 201
6
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
(Weighted Average)
 
                     
Other real estate owned
 
Discounted appraised value
 
Selling cost
 
2.91
%
8.60%
(6.48%)
 
Other real estate owned
 
Discounted appraised value
 
Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal
 
0%
53.46%
(13.66%)
 
 
T
he following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments.
 
Cash and Due from Banks
and
Interest-Bearing Deposits
 
The carrying amounts approximate fair value.
Securities
 
The fair value of securities, excluding restricted stock, is determined by quoted market prices or dealer quotes. The fair value of certain state and municipal securities is
not
readily available through market sources other than dealer quotations, so fair value estimates are based on quoted market prices of similar instruments adjusted for differences between the quoted instruments and the instruments being valued. The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based upon the redemption provisions of the applicable entities.
 
Loans Held for Sale
 
The fair value of loans held for sale is based on commitments on hand from investors or prevailing market prices.
 
Loans
 
Fair value for the loan portfolio is estimated on an account-level basis by discounting scheduled cash flows through the projected maturity for each loan. The calculation applies estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. The estimate of maturity is based on the Company’s historical experience with repayments for loan classification, modified by an estimate of the effect of economic conditions on lending.
Impaired loans are individually evaluated for fair value. Fair value for the Company’s impaired loans is estimated by using either discounted cash flows or the appraised value of collateral. Any amount of principal balance that exceeds fair value is accrued in the allowance for loan losses. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are determined within management’s judgment, using available market information and specific borrower information. Discount rates for cash flow analysis are based on the loan’s interest rate, and cash flows are estimated based upon the loan’s historical payment performance and the borrower’s current financial condition. Appraisals
may
be discounted for age, reasonableness, and selling costs.
 
Deposits
 
The fair value of demand and savings deposits is the amount payable on demand. The fair value of fixed maturity term deposits and certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.
 
Accrued Interest
The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.
 
Bank
-O
wned
Life I
nsurance
 
Bank owned life insurance represents
insurance policies on officers of the Company and certain officers who are
no
longer employed by the Company.  The cash values of the policies are estimates using information provided by insurance carriers. These policies are carried at their cash surrender value, which approximates the fair value.
 
Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit
 
The only amounts recorded for commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written are the deferred fees arising from these unrecognized financial instruments. These deferred fees are
not
deemed significant at
September 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016,
and, as such, the related fair values have
not
been estimated.
 
The estimated fair values and related carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments follow.
 
   
September
30
, 2017
 
   
Carrying
Amount
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
Level 1
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
Level 2
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3
 
Financial A
ssets:
                               
Cash and due from banks
 
$
12,066
   
$
12,066
   
$
---
   
$
---
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
 
58,260
   
 
58,260
   
 
---
   
 
---
 
Securities
 
 
439,073
   
 
---
   
 
443,182
   
 
---
 
Restricted securities
 
 
1,200
   
 
---
   
 
1,200
   
 
---
 
Loans
held for sale
 
 
505
   
 
---
   
 
505
   
 
---
 
Loans, net
 
 
651,889
   
 
---
   
 
---
   
 
651,431
 
Accrued interest receivable
 
 
5,123
   
 
---
   
 
5,123
   
 
---
 
Bank-owned life insurance
 
 
33,520
   
 
---
   
 
33,520
   
 
---
 
Financial
Liabilities:
                               
Deposits
 
$
1,031,973
   
$
---
   
$
913,254
   
$
117,222
 
Accrued interest payable
 
 
51
   
 
---
   
 
51
   
 
---
 
 
   
December 31, 201
6
 
   
Carrying
Amount
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
Level 1
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
Level 2
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 3
 
Financial A
ssets:
                               
Cash and due from banks
  $
13,974
    $
13,974
    $
---
    $
---
 
Interest-bearing deposits
   
80,268
     
80,268
     
---
     
---
 
Securities
   
439,239
     
---
     
441,974
     
---
 
Restricted securities
   
1,170
     
---
     
1,170
     
---
 
L
oans held for sale
   
478
     
---
     
478
     
---
 
Loans, net
   
639,452
     
---
     
---
     
658,386
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
5,260
     
---
     
5,260
     
---
 
Bank-owned life insurance
   
22,998
     
---
     
22,998
     
---
 
Financial
Liabilities:
                               
Deposits
  $
1,043,442
    $
---
    $
912,828
    $
128,690
 
Accrued interest payable
   
55
     
---
     
55
     
---