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Allowance for Loan Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Allowance For Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses
Note 5:                      Allowance for Loan Losses, Nonperforming Assets and Impaired Loans
The allowance for loan losses methodology incorporates individual evaluation of impaired loans and collective evaluation of groups of non-impaired loans. The Company performs ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio to determine credit quality and to identify impaired loans.  Determination of credit quality considers the loan’s payment history, the borrower’s current financial situation and value of the underlying collateral.
Impaired loans are those loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructure (“TDR” or “restructure”) as well as larger, non-homogeneous loans that are in nonaccrual status or exhibit payment history or borrower financial positions that indicate the probability that collection will not occur according to the loan’s terms. Generally, impaired loans are risk rated “classified” or “special mention.”  Impaired loans are measured at the lower of the invested amount or the fair market value. Impaired loans with an impairment loss are designated nonaccrual. Please refer to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information on evaluation of impaired loans and associated specific reserves, and policies regarding nonaccruals, past due status and charge-offs.
 
 
 
46

 
 
Troubled debt restructurings impact the determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.  If the restructuring included forgiveness of a portion of principal or accrued interest, the charge-off is included in the historical charge-off rates applied by the collective evaluation methodology.  Further, restructured loans are individually evaluated for impairment, with invested amounts that exceed fair value accrued in the allowance for loan losses.  TDRs that experience a payment default are examined to determine whether the default indicates collateral dependency or cash flows below those that were included in the fair value measurement.  TDRs that are determined to be collateral dependent or for which decreased cash flows indicate a decline in fair value are charged down to fair value, reduced by selling costs.
The Company used a risk-based perspective to determine five major segments within the loan portfolio. Characteristics of loans within segments are further analyzed to determine sub-groups called loan classes.  These characteristics include collateral type, repayment sources, and (if applicable) the borrower’s business model. Subgroups with total balances exceeding 5% of Tier I and Tier II Capital are designated as loan classes. The collective evaluation methodology is applied to the non-impaired portfolio on a class basis.
The Company’s segments consist of real estate secured consumer loans, non-real estate secured consumer loans, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial loans and construction, development and land loans.  Consumer real estate is composed of loans to purchase or build a primary residence as well as equity lines secured by a primary residence.  Consumer non-real estate contains credit cards, automobile and other installment loans, and deposit overdrafts.  Commercial real estate is composed of all commercial loans that are secured by real estate.  The commercial and industrial segment is commercial loans that are not secured by real estate.  Construction, development and other land loans are composed of loans to developers of residential and commercial properties.
The categorization of loans used to determine the allowance for loan losses differs from the categorization of loans in the balance sheet and discussion of loans in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) section. While the categories may be similar, the balance sheet and MD&A base loan categorizations on collateral type.  The allowance for loan losses methodology takes a risk-based approach to determine segments and classes for loss analysis.
The Company’s segments and classes are as follows:

Consumer Real Estate
        Equity lines
        Closed-end consumer real estate
        Consumer construction
 
Consumer Non-Real Estate
        Credit cards
        Consumer, general
        Consumer overdraft
 
Commercial & Industrial
        Commercial & industrial
 
Construction, Development and Land
        Residential
        Commercial
Commercial Real Estate
        College housing
        Office/Retail space
        Nursing homes
        Hotels
        Municipalities
        Medical professionals
        Religious organizations
        Convenience stores
        Entertainment and sports
        Nonprofits
        Restaurants
        General contractors
        Other commercial real estate

The loan portfolio is segmented based on risk characteristics.  Particular characteristics associated with each segment are detailed below:
Consumer Real Estate: Consumer real estate loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
Consumer Non-Real Estate: Consumer non-real estate loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, such as automobiles which may depreciate more rapidly than other assets.  In addition, these loans may be unsecured.  Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately affected in an adverse manner by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Commercial & Industrial (non-real estate):  Commercial loans not secured by real estate carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business, and the repayments of these loans depend on the profitability and cash flows of the business.  Additional risk relates to the value of collateral where depreciation occurs and the valuation is less precise.
Commercial Real Estate: Loans secured by commercial real estate also carry risks associated with the success of the business and ability to generate a positive cash flow sufficient to service debts.  Real estate security diminishes risks only to the extent that a market exists for the subject collateral.


 
47

 

Construction, Development and Land: Real estate secured construction loans carry risks that a project will not be completed as scheduled and budgeted and that the value of the collateral may, at any point, be less than the principal amount of the loan.  Additional risks may occur if the general contractor, who may not be a loan customer, is unable to finish the project as planned due to financial pressures unrelated to the project.
Risk factors are analyzed for each class to estimate collective reserves.  Factors include allocations for the historical charge-off percentage and changes in national and local economic and business conditions, in the nature and volume of the portfolio, in loan officers’ experience and in loan quality.  Increased allocations for the risk factors applied to each class are made for special mention and classified loans.  The Company allocates additional reserves for “high risk” loans, determined to be junior lien mortgages, high loan-to-value loans and interest-only loans.
The Company collects and discloses data in compliance with accounting guidance in effect for the year disclosed.  In December 2010, the Company adopted accounting guidance for disclosures on the allowance for loan losses.  Information for periods prior to December 31, 2010 is presented according to guidance in effect for those periods, while disclosures required by the 2010 guidance are made for periods ending December 31, 2010 and forward.

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
  
2009
 
Balance at beginning of year
 $7,664  $6,926  $5,858 
Loans charged off
  (2,628)  (2,810)  (647)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
  83   139   81 
Provision for loan losses
  2,949   3,409   1,634 
Balance at end of year
 $8,068  $7,664  $6,926 

A detailed analysis showing the allowance roll-forward by portfolio segment and related loan balance by segment follows:

   
Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses by Segment for the year ended
December 31, 2011
 
   
Consumer Real Estate
  
Consumer Non-Real Estate
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Commercial & Industrial
  
Construction, Development & Other Land
  
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance, December 31, 2010
 $1,059  $586  $4,033  $1,108  $749  $129  $7,664 
Charge-offs
  (461)  (266)  (457)  (655)  (789)  ---   (2,628)
Recoveries
  14   68   ---   1   ---   ---   83 
Provision for loan losses
  440   13   935   581   988   (8)  2,949 
Balance, December 31, 2011
 $1,052  $401  $4,511  $1,035  $948  $121  $8,068 


   
Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses by Segment for the year ended
December 31, 2010
 
   
Consumer Real Estate
  
Consumer Non-Real Estate
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Commercial & Industrial
  
Construction, Development & Other Land
  
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance, December 31, 2009
 $249  $1,049  $4,321  $459  $562  $286  $6,926 
Charge-offs
  (89)  (358)  (1,021)  (927)  (415)  ---   (2,810)
Recoveries
  10   67   61   1   ---   ---   139 
Provision for loan losses
  889   (172)  672   1,575   602   (157)  3,409 
Balance, December 31, 2010
 $1,059  $586  $4,033  $1,108  $749  $129  $7,664 
 
 
 
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Allowance for Loan Losses
by Segment and Evaluation Method as of
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
Consumer Real Estate
 
Consumer Non-Real Estate
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial & Industrial
 
Construction, Development & Other Land
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 $---  $---  $1,014  $62  $47  $---  $1,123 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
  1,052   401   3,497   973   901   121   6,945 
Total
 $1,052  $401  $4,511  $1,035  $948  $121  $8,068 

 
Loans
by Segment and Evaluation Method as of
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
Consumer Real Estate
 
Consumer Non-Real Estate
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial & Industrial
 
Construction, Development & Other Land
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 $238  $---  $9,067  $139  $3,152  $---  $12,596 
Collectively  evaluated for impairment
  109,843   29,707   357,507   37,584   41,233   ---   575,874 
Total
 $110,081  $29,707  $366,574  $37,723  $44,385  $---  $588,470 


 
Allowance for Loan Losses
by Segment and Evaluation Method as of
 
 
December 31, 2010
 
 
Consumer Real Estate
 
Consumer Non-Real Estate
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial & Industrial
 
Construction, Development & Other Land
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 $27  $---  $565  $508  $100  $---  $1,200 
Collectively  evaluated for impairment
  1,032   586   3,468   600   649   129   6,464 
Total
 $1,059  $586  $4,033  $1,108  $749  $129  $7,664 

 
Loans
by Segment and Evaluation Method as of
 
 
December 31, 2010
 
 
Consumer Real Estate
 
Consumer Non-Real Estate
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial & Industrial
 
Construction, Development & Other Land
 
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 $505  $---  $5,151  $698  $2,437  $---  $8,791 
Collectively  evaluated for impairment
  108,855   35,679   343,780   36,374   42,964   ---   567,652 
Total
 $109,360  $35,679  $348,931  $37,072  $45,401  $---  $576,443 


 
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A summary of ratios for the allowance for loan losses follows:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
   
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to the end of period loans, net of unearned income and deferred fees
   
1.37
%
 
1.33
%
 
1.17
%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans, net of unearned income and deferred fees
   
0.43
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.10
%


A summary of nonperforming assets follows:
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
  
2009
 
Nonperforming assets:
         
Nonaccrual loans
 $1,398  $1,938  $4,098 
Restructured loans in nonaccrual
  3,806   6,133   --- 
Total nonperforming loans
  5,204   8,071   4,098 
Other real estate owned, net
  1,489   1,723   2,126 
Total nonperforming assets
 $6,693  $9,794  $6,224 
Ratio of nonperforming assets to loans, net of unearned income and deferred fees, plus other real estate owned
  1.13%  1.69%  1.05%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans(1)
  155.03%  94.96%  168.99%

 
(1)
The Company defines nonperforming loans as total nonaccrual and restructured loans that are nonaccrual.  Loans 90 days past due and still accruing and accruing restructured loans are excluded.

A summary of loans past due 90 days or more and impaired loans follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
  
2009
 
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing
 $481  $1,336  $1,697 
Ratio of loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing to loans, net of unearned income and deferred fees
  0.08%  0.23%  0.29%
Accruing restructured loans
 $3,756  $350  $2,652 
Impaired loans:
            
Total impaired loans
 $12,596  $8,791  $7,680 
Impaired loans with no valuation allowance
 $5,505  $1,115  $50 
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
 $7,091  $7,676  $7,630 
Valuation allowance
  (1,123)  (1,200)  (2,495)
Impaired loans, net of allowance
 $11,473  $7,591  $5,185 
Average recorded investment in impaired loans(1)
 $8,734  $7,526  $7,851 
Income recognized on impaired loans, after designation as impaired
 $141  $17  $169 
Amount of income recognized on a cash basis
 $---  $---  $--- 

 
(1)
 Recorded investment includes principal and accrued interest.

Total nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2011 amount to $5,204 compared with $8,071 at December 31, 2010.  As of December 31, 2009 nonaccruals totaled $4,098.  No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 or 2009.  Nonaccrual loans that meet the Company’s balance thresholds are designated as impaired.
Loans past due greater than 90 days that continue to accrue interest totaled $481 at December 31, 2011, compared with $1,336 at December 31, 2010, and $1,697 at December 31, 2009.

 
 
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A detailed analysis of investment in impaired loans, associated reserves and interest income recognized, segregated by loan class follows:

   
Impaired Loans as of December 31, 2011
 
   
Unpaid Principal Balance
  
(A)
Total Recorded Investment(1)
  
Recorded Investment(1) in (A) for Which There is No Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment(1) in (A) for Which There is a Related Allowance
  
Related Allowance
 
Consumer Real Estate(2)
               
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
 $237  $237  $237  $---  $--- 
                      
Commercial Real Estate(2)
                    
College Housing
  366   366   366   ---   --- 
Office and Retail
  3,500   3,500   ---   3,500   57 
Hotels
  3,319   3,320   2,794   526   16 
Medical Professionals
  66   67   ---   67   66 
General Contractors
  703   703   176   527   402 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  1,113   1,112   425   687   474 
                      
Commercial & Industrial(2)
                    
Commercial & Industrial
  139   139   ---   139   62 
                      
Construction, Development and Land(2)
                    
Residential
  2,901   2,912   1,256   1,656   46 
Commercial
  252   252   252   ---   --- 
Total
 $12,596  $12,608  $5,506  $7,102  $1,123 

 
(1)
Recorded investment includes the unpaid principal balance and any accrued interest and deferred fees.
 
(2) 
Only classes with impaired loans are shown.

 
 
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Impaired Loans as of December 31, 2010
 
   
Unpaid Principal Balance
  
(A)
Total Recorded Investment(1)
  
Recorded Investment(1) in (A) for Which There is No Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment(1) in (A) for Which There is a Related Allowance
  
Related Allowance
 
Consumer Real Estate(2)
               
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
 $505  $505  $---  $505  $26 
                      
Commercial Real Estate(2)
                    
Office & Retail
  ---   ---   ---   ---   --- 
Hotel
  3,509   3,509   287   3,222   267 
Convenience stores
  577   592   592   ---   --- 
Other commercial real estate
  1,065   1,066   ---   1,066   299 
                      
Commercial & Industrial(2)
                    
Commercial & Industrial
  698   698   ---   698   508 
                      
Construction, Development and Land(2)
                    
Residential
  2,185   2,185   ---   2,185   100 
Commercial
  252   253   253   ---   --- 
Total
 $8,791  $8,808  $1,132  $7,676  $1,200 

(1)
Recorded investment includes the unpaid principal balance and any accrued interest and deferred fees.
(2)  
Only classes with impaired loans are shown.
 

 
 
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Average Investment and Interest Income for Impaired Loans
 
   
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2011
  
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2010
 
   
Average Recorded Investment(1)
  
Interest Income Recognized
  
Average Recorded Investment(1)
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Consumer Real Estate(2)
            
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
 $450  $3  $337  $--- 
                  
Commercial Real Estate(2)
                
College Housing
  281   7   ---   --- 
Office and Retail
  292   ---   253   --- 
Hotels
  3,445   41   2,767   --- 
Medical Professionals
  67   5   ---   --- 
Convenience Stores
  ---   ---   49   15 
General Contractors
  112   4   ---   --- 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  1,139   24   337   1 
                  
Commercial & Industrial(2)
                
Commercial & Industrial
  553   ---   1,183   --- 
                  
Construction, Development and Land(2)
                
Residential
  2,143   49   2,579   --- 
Commercial
  252   8   21   1 
Total
 $8,734  $141  $7,526  $17 

(1)
Recorded investment includes the unpaid principal balance and any accrued interest and deferred fees.
(2)
Only classes with impaired loans are shown.


 
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An analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans follows:

December 31, 2011
          
   
30 – 89 Days Past Due
  
90 or More Days Past Due
  
90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
  
Nonaccruals (Including Impaired Nonaccruals)
 
Consumer Real Estate
            
Equity Lines
 $---  $---  $---  $--- 
Closed-ended Consumer Real Estate
  1,735   658   346   313 
Consumer Construction
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
                  
Consumer Non-Real Estate
                
Credit Cards
  26   8   8   --- 
Consumer General
  270   38   38   --- 
Consumer Overdraft
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
                  
Commercial Real Estate
                
College Housing
  452   250   ---   250 
Office/Retail
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Nursing Homes
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Hotels
  616   526   ---   1,397 
Municipalities
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Medical Professionals
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Religious Organizations
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Convenience Stores
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Entertainment and Sports
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Nonprofits
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Restaurants
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
General Contractors
  103   ---   ---   703 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  815   488   63   1,112 
                  
Commercial and Industrial
                
Commercial and Industrial
  31   26   26   139 
                  
Construction, Development and Land
                
Residential
  ---   1,290   ---   1,290 
Commercial
  252   ---   ---   --- 
Total
 $4,300  $3,284  $481  $5,204 


 
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December 31, 2010
          
   
30 – 89 Days Past Due
  
90 or More Days Past Due
  
90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
  
Nonaccruals (Including Impaired Nonaccruals)
 
Consumer Real Estate
            
Equity Lines
 $69  $---  $---  $--- 
Closed-ended Consumer Real Estate
  1,868   1,178   612   783 
Consumer Construction
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
                  
Consumer Non-Real Estate
                
Credit Cards
  67   42   29   --- 
Consumer General
  518   45   37   --- 
Consumer Overdraft
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
                  
Commercial Real Estate
                
College Housing
  224   262   ---   --- 
Office/Retail
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Nursing Homes
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Hotels
  ---   802   ---   3,509 
Municipalities
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Medical Professionals
  ---   181   ---   --- 
Religious Organizations
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Convenience Stores
  9   577   577   --- 
Entertainment and Sports
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Nonprofits
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Restaurants
  ---   ---   ---   --- 
General Contractors
  ---   85   ---   --- 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  792   136   ---   715 
                  
Commercial and Industrial
                
Commercial and Industrial
  740   609   81   879 
                  
Construction, Development and Land
                
Residential
  ---   2,185   ---   2,185 
Commercial
  25   ---   ---   --- 
Total
 $4,312  $6,102  $1,336  $8,071 

The estimate of credit risk for non-impaired loans is obtained by applying allocations for internal and external factors.  The allocations are increased for loans that exhibit greater credit quality risk.
Credit quality indicators, which the Company terms risk grades, are assigned through the Company’s credit review function for larger loans and selective review of loans that fall below credit review thresholds.  Loans that do not indicate heightened risk are graded as “pass.” Loans that appear to have elevated credit risk because of frequent or persistent past due status, which is less than 75 days, or that show weakness in the borrower’s financial condition are risk graded “special mention.”  Loans with frequent or persistent delinquency exceeding 75 days or that have a higher level of weakness in the borrower’s financial condition are graded “classified.” Classified loans have regulatory risk ratings of “substandard” and “doubtful.”   Allocations are increased by 50% and by 100% for loans with grades of “special mention” and “classified,” respectively.
Determination of risk grades was completed for the portfolio as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

 
55

 


The following displays non-impaired loans by credit quality indicator:
 
 
 December 31, 2011         
   
Pass
  
Special Mention
  
Classified
(Excluding Impaired)
 
Consumer Real Estate
         
Equity Lines
 $17,971  $---  $14 
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
  87,882   595   1,332 
Consumer Construction
  2,050   ---   --- 
              
Consumer Non-Real Estate
            
Credit Cards
  6,594   ---   1 
Consumer General
  22,679   42   105 
Consumer Overdraft
  285   ---   1 
              
Commercial Real Estate
            
College Housing
  88,157   452   215 
Office/Retail
  73,106   420   267 
Nursing Homes
  16,173   ---   --- 
Hotels
  24,498   ---   616 
Municipalities
  19,230   ---   --- 
Medical Professionals
  18,577   ---   --- 
Religious Organizations
  15,852   ---   --- 
Convenience Stores
  10,519   ---   --- 
Entertainment and Sports
  7,346   ---   --- 
Nonprofits
  3,265   3,170   --- 
Restaurants
  6,138   ---   387 
General Contractors
  4,550   109   247 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  63,422   ---   790 
              
Commercial and Industrial
            
Commercial and Industrial
  37,252   196   137 
              
Construction, Development and Land
            
Residential
  15,732   ---   --- 
Commercial
  22,409   2,961   130 
Total
 $563,687  $7,945  $4,242 


 
56

 


 
 December 31, 2010         
   
Pass
  
Special Mention
  
Classified
(Excluding Impaired)
 
Consumer Real Estate
         
Equity Lines
 $15,735  $---  $119 
Closed-ended Consumer Real Estate
  85,313   731   2,969 
Consumer Construction
  3,988   ---   --- 
              
Consumer Non-Real Estate
            
Credit Cards
  6,446   ---   14 
Consumer General
  28,730   392   94 
Consumer Overdraft
  3   ---   --- 
              
Commercial Real Estate
            
College Housing
  88,110   461   1,016 
Office/Retail
  60,540   3,500   848 
Nursing Homes
  28,018   ---   --- 
Hotel
  10,689   1,878   625 
Municipalities
  16,979   ---   --- 
Medical Professionals
  17,111   ---   181 
Religious Organizations
  12,643   ---   --- 
Convenience Stores
  9,010   9   --- 
Entertainment and Sports
  7,694   ---   --- 
Nonprofit
  6,421   ---   --- 
Restaurants
  6,740   ---   153 
General Contractors
  6,175   ---   240 
Other Commercial Real Estate
  63,679   111   951 
              
Commercial and Industrial
            
Commercial and Industrial
  34,826   129   1,419 
              
Construction, Development and Land
            
Residential
  25,760   ---   2,633 
Commercial
  14,405   ---   164 
Total
 $549,015  $7,211  $11,426 

Sales, Purchases and Reclassification of Loans
The Company finances mortgages under “best efforts” contracts with mortgage purchasers.  The mortgages are designated as held for sale upon initiation.  There have been no major reclassifications from portfolio loans to held for sale.  Occasionally, the Company purchases or sells participations in loans.  All participation loans purchased met the Company’s normal underwriting standards at the time the participation was entered.  Participation loans are included in the appropriate portfolio balances to which the allowance methodology is applied.

 
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
The Company modified loans that were classified troubled debt restructurings during the year ended December 31, 2011.  The following table presents restructurings by class that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011.

Note: only classes with restructured loans are presented.

   
Restructurings that occurred during the year ended
December 31, 2011
 
   
Number of Contracts
  
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment(1)
  
Impairment Accrued as of 12/31/2011
 
Consumer Real Estate
            
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
  2  $290  $92  $--- 
                  
Commercial Real Estate
                
College housing
  2   419   332   --- 
Medical professionals
  3   79   79   66 
General contractors
  2   128   128   128 
Other commercial real estate
  3   680   726   474 
                  
Commercial and Industrial
  1   50   50   50 
                  
Construction, Development and Land
                
Residential
  3   2,474   1,645   47 
                  
Total
  16  $4,120  $3,052  $765 

 
(1)Post-modification outstanding recorded investment considers amounts immediately following the modification.  Amounts do not reflect balances at the end of the period.

The restructurings that occurred in 2011 and 2010 resulted in partial forgiveness of principal, providing payment relief by temporarily changing amortizing loans to interest only payments, extending the maturity, changing a letter of credit to a single-payment note, or a combination of these modifications. Of the loans that were restructured in 2011, five received partial charge-offs totaling $1,143.  The bulk of the partial charge offs stemmed from one construction loan for which $789 was charged off.   Of the loans that were restructured in 2010, four received partial charge-offs totaling $916.  The bulk of the partial charge offs stemmed from one commercial loan for which $501 was charged off.  Partial charge-offs are included in the loss ratios applied in the determination of the allowance for collectively-evaluated loans.
Restructured loans are designated impaired and measured for impairment.  The impairment measurement for restructured loans that occurred in 2011 resulted in an accrual to the allowance for loan losses of $765 and $459 at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 respectively.  The impairment for restructured secured loans is based upon the fair value (reduced by selling costs) of the underlying real estate or other collateral.  The full amount of unsecured restructured loans is accrued to the allowance for loan losses.


 
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The following table presents restructured loans that were modified during 2011 and that subsequently experienced payment default.  The company defines default as one or more payments that occur more than 30 days past the due date.


   
Restructurings that occurred and subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2011
 
   
Number of Contracts
  
Recorded Investment
  
Impairment Accrued
 
Consumer Real Estate
         
Closed-end Consumer Real Estate
  2  $92  $--- 
              
Commercial Real Estate
            
College housing
  1   250   --- 
General contractors
  2   128   128 
Other commercial real estate
  3   687   474 
              
Commercial and Industrial
  1   50   50 
              
Construction, Development and Land
            
Residential
  3   1,645   46 
Total
  12  $2,852  $698 


Most of the above restructured loans that experienced a payment default are secured by real estate, for which the impairment measurement is based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral (reduced by selling costs).  The amount of the loan balance that exceeds the collateral value is accrued in the allowance for loan losses.  One loan reported above is unsecured and is fully accrued in the allowance for loan losses. Because fair value measurements of the above restructured loans are based upon fair value of collateral, the payment default did not significantly impact the measurement of impairment.  Restructured loans that become more than 90 days past due are designated nonaccrual.  Nonaccrual levels are factored into allowance methodology for collectively-evaluated loans.