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Revenue
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 02, 2022
Revenue [Abstract]  
REVENUE REVENUE
Segment Information
Our segment results for the three months ended September 2, 2022 and September 3, 2021 were as follows:
(dollars in millions)Digital
Media		Digital
Experience		Publishing and
Advertising		Total
Three months ended September 2, 2022
Revenue$3,232 $1,120 $81 $4,433 
Cost of revenue136 385 25 546 
Gross profit$3,096 $735 $56 $3,887 
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue96 %66 %69 %88 %
Three months ended September 3, 2021
Revenue$2,865 $985 $85 $3,935 
Cost of revenue106 334 27 467 
Gross profit$2,759 $651 $58 $3,468 
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue96 %66 %68 %88 %
Our segment results for the nine months ended September 2, 2022 and September 3, 2021 were as follows:
(dollars in millions)Digital
Media		Digital
Experience		Publishing and
Advertising		Total
Nine months ended September 2, 2022
Revenue$9,542 $3,272 $267 $13,081 
Cost of revenue411 1,111 75 1,597 
Gross profit$9,131 $2,161 $192 $11,484 
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue96 %66 %72 %88 %
Nine months ended September 3, 2021
Revenue$8,511 $2,857 $307 $11,675 
Cost of revenue303 972 83 1,358 
Gross profit$8,208 $1,885 $224 $10,317 
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue96 %66 %73 %88 %
Revenue by geographic area for the three and nine months ended September 2, 2022 and September 3, 2021 were as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months
(in millions)2022202120222021
Americas $2,600 $2,242 $7,570 $6,651 
EMEA1,143 1,061 3,436 3,139 
APAC690 632 2,075 1,885 
Total$4,433 $3,935 $13,081 $11,675 
Revenue by major offerings in our Digital Media reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 2, 2022 and September 3, 2021 were as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months
(in millions)2022202120222021
Creative Cloud$2,625 $2,372 $7,778 $7,069 
Document Cloud607 493 1,764 1,442 
Total Digital Media revenue$3,232 $2,865 $9,542 $8,511 
Subscription revenue by segment for the three and nine months ended September 2, 2022 and September 3, 2021 were as follows:
Three MonthsNine Months
(in millions)2022202120222021
Digital Media $3,116 $2,757 $9,190 $8,156 
Digital Experience981 864 2,874 2,493 
Publishing and Advertising31 36 92 112 
Total subscription revenue$4,128 $3,657 $12,156 $10,761 
Contract Balances
A receivable is recorded when an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment exists, such that only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Included in trade receivables on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are unbilled receivable balances which have not yet been invoiced, and are typically related to license revenue or services which are delivered prior to invoicing. As of September 2, 2022, the balance of trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, was $1.72 billion, inclusive of unbilled receivables of $97 million. As of December 3, 2021, the balance of trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, was $1.88 billion, inclusive of unbilled receivables of $82 million.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts which reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables and is based on both specific and general reserves. We maintain general reserves on a collective basis by considering factors such as historical experience, credit-worthiness, the age of the trade receivable balances, current economic conditions and a reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $24 million and $16 million as of September 2, 2022 and December 3, 2021, respectively.
A contract asset is recognized when a conditional right to consideration exists and transfer of control has occurred. Contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets for the current portion and other assets for the long-term portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We regularly review contract asset balances for impairment, considering factors such as historical experience, credit-worthiness, age of the balance, current economic conditions and a reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions. Contract asset impairments were not material for the nine months ended September 2, 2022. Contract assets were $80 million and $85 million as of September 2, 2022 and December 3, 2021, respectively.
Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription services, including non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds and refundable customer deposits. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when transfer of control to customers has occurred. As of September 2, 2022, the balance of deferred revenue was $4.94 billion, which includes $33 million of refundable customer deposits. Arrangements with some of our enterprise customers with non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds provide options to either renew monthly on-premise term-based licenses or use some or all funds to purchase other Adobe products or services. Non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds related to these agreements comprised approximately 5% of the total deferred revenue.
As of December 3, 2021, the balance of deferred revenue was $4.88 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 2, 2022, approximately $873 million and $4.37 billion of revenue, respectively, was recognized that was included in the balance of deferred revenue as of December 3, 2021.
Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of September 2, 2022, remaining performance obligations were approximately $14.11 billion. Non-cancellable and non-refundable funds related to some of our enterprise customer agreements referred to in the paragraph above comprised approximately 5% of the total remaining performance obligations. Approximately 73% of the remaining performance obligations, excluding the aforementioned enterprise customer agreements, are expected to be recognized over the next 12 months with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are capitalized if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year and primarily relate to sales commissions paid to our sales force personnel. Capitalized contract acquisition costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets for the current portion and other assets for the long-term portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized contract acquisition costs were $649 million and $611 million as of September 2, 2022 and December 3, 2021, respectively.
We record refund liabilities for amounts that may be subject to future refunds, which include sales returns reserves and customer rebates and credits. Refund liabilities are included in accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refund liabilities were $105 million and $128 million as of September 2, 2022 and December 3, 2021, respectively.