SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number     0-14902

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Incorporated under the laws of Ohio

31-0888197

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3471 River Hills Drive

Cincinnati, Ohio 45244

(513) 271-3700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value	VIVO	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding April 30, 2020
Common Stock, no par value	42,832,859

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

		Page(s)
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019		1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019		2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019		3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019		4-5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019		6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7-20
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		20-28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		29
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		29
Item 6.	Exhibits		31
Signature			32

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor from civil litigation for forward-looking statements accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements. Except for historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which may be identified by words such as “continues”, “estimates”, “anticipates”, “projects”, “plans”, “seeks”, “may”, “will”, “expects”, “intends”, “believes”, “signals”, “should”, “can” and similar expressions or the negative versions thereof and which also may be identified by their context. All statements that address operating performance or events or developments that Meridian expects or anticipates will occur in the future, including, but not limited to, statements relating to per share diluted earnings, sales, product demand, revenue and the impact of COVID-19 on our business and prospects, are forward-looking statements. Such statements, whether expressed or implied, are based upon current expectations of the Company and speak only as of the date made. Specifically, Meridian’s forward-looking statements are, and will be, based on management’s then-current views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance. Meridian assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements even if experience or future changes make it clear that any projected results expressed or implied therein will not be realized. These statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, without limitation, the following:

Meridian’s operating results, financial condition and continued growth depends, in part, on its ability to introduce into the marketplace enhancements of existing products or new products that incorporate technological advances, meet customer requirements and respond to products developed by Meridian’s competition, its ability to effectively sell such products and its ability to successfully expand and effectively manage increased sales and marketing operations. While Meridian has introduced a number of internally developed products and acquired products, there can be no assurance that it will be successful in the future in introducing such products on a timely basis or in protecting its intellectual property, and unexpected or costly manufacturing costs associated with its introduction of new products or acquired products could cause actual results to differ from expectations. Meridian relies on proprietary, patented and licensed technologies. As such, the Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights, as well as the potential for intellectual property litigation, would impact its results. Ongoing consolidations of reference laboratories and formation of multi-hospital alliances may cause adverse changes to pricing and distribution. Recessionary pressures on the economy and the markets in which our customers operate, as well as adverse trends in buying patterns from customers, can change expected results. Costs and difficulties in complying with laws and regulations, including those administered by the United States Food and Drug Administration, can result in unanticipated expenses and delays and interruptions to the sale of new and existing products, as can the uncertainty of regulatory approvals and the regulatory process (including the currently ongoing study and other FDA actions regarding the Company’s LeadCare products). The international scope of Meridian’s operations, including changes in the relative strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar and general economic conditions in foreign countries, can impact results and make them difficult to predict. One of Meridian’s growth strategies is the acquisition of companies and product lines. There can be no assurance that additional acquisitions will be consummated or that, if consummated, will be successful and the acquired businesses will be successfully integrated into Meridian’s operations. There may be risks that acquisitions may disrupt operations and may pose potential difficulties in employee retention, and there may be additional risks with respect to Meridian’s ability to recognize the benefits of acquisitions, including potential synergies and cost savings or the failure of acquisitions to achieve their plans and objectives. Meridian cannot predict the outcome of goodwill impairment testing and the impact of possible goodwill impairments on Meridian’s earnings and financial results. Meridian cannot predict the possible impact of U.S. health care legislation enacted in 2010 – the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act – and any modification or repeal of any of the provisions thereof initiated by Congress or the presidential administration, and any similar initiatives in other countries on its results of operations. Efforts to reduce the U.S. federal deficit, breaches of Meridian’s information technology systems, trade wars, increased tariffs, and natural disasters and other events could have a materially adverse effect on Meridian’s results of operations and revenues. In the past, the Company has identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which has been remediated, but the Company can make no assurances that a material weakness will not be identified in the future, which if identified and not properly corrected, could materially adversely affect our operations and result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Meridian also is subject to risks and uncertainties related to disruptions to or reductions in business operations or prospects due to pandemics, epidemics, widespread health emergencies, or outbreaks of infectious diseases such as the coronavirus disease COVID-19. In addition to the factors described in this paragraph, as well as those factors identified from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a list and description of uncertainties, risks and other matters that may affect the Company. Readers should carefully review these forward-looking statements and risk factors, and not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
NET REVENUES	$	57,296		$	50,248		$	104,717		$	101,728
COST OF SALES		22,842			20,910			42,823			40,818
GROSS PROFIT		34,454			29,338			61,894			60,910
OPERATING EXPENSES
Research and development		5,386			3,816			10,210			7,700
Selling and marketing		6,514			6,911			13,198			14,474
General and administrative		10,480			7,388			19,236			16,286
Acquisition-related costs		1,787			885			1,787			972
Change in fair value of contingent consideration obligation		(2,491	)		—			(1,304	)		—
Restructuring costs		252			(100	)		527			(100	)
Selected legal costs		735			603			1,055			1,192
Total operating expenses		22,663			19,503			44,709			40,524
OPERATING INCOME		11,791			9,835			17,185			20,386
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest income		23			204			134			353
Interest expense		(532	)		(347	)		(1,299	)		(710	)
Other, net		1,365			(445	)		653			(306	)
Total other income (expense)		856			(588	)		(512	)		(663	)
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES		12,647			9,247			16,673			19,723
INCOME TAX PROVISION		3,288			2,153			4,487			4,523
NET EARNINGS	$	9,359		$	7,094		$	12,186		$	15,200
BASIC EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.22		$	0.17		$	0.28		$	0.36
DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.22		$	0.17		$	0.28		$	0.35
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING -BASIC		42,830			42,496			42,810			42,472
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS		138			450			143			453
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING - DILUTED		42,968			42,946			42,953			42,925
ANTI-DILUTIVE SECURITIES:
Common share options and restricted share units		1,635			771			1,520			742
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE	$	—		$	0.125		$	—		$	0.250

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 1

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(dollar amounts in thousands)

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
NET EARNINGS	$	9,359		$	7,094		$	12,186		$	15,200
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,786	)		377			(18	)		(339	)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge		(313	)		(310	)		(313	)		(887	)
Reclassification of gain on cash flow hedge		(77	)		—			(154	)		—
Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income		96			78			115			223
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(3,080	)		145			(370	)		(1,003	)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	6,279		$	7,239		$	11,816		$	14,197

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 2

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Six Months Ended March 31,	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net earnings	$	12,186		$	15,200
Non-cash items included in net earnings:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		2,439			2,562
Amortization of intangible assets		3,449			1,658
Stock-based compensation		1,759			2,368
Deferred income taxes		656			(677	)
Change in accrued contingent consideration		(1,304	)		—
Change in the following:
Accounts receivable		(4,950	)		(951	)
Inventories		(2,511	)		832
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,278			286
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,621			(1,267	)
Income taxes payable		400			1,108
Other, net		692			(68	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		15,715			21,051
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(1,543	)		(2,113	)
Net cash used for investing activities		(1,543	)		(2,113	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid		—			(10,612	)
Payment on revolving credit facility		(27,000	)		—
Payment of debt issuance costs		(116	)		—
Payments on term loan		—			(2,250	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		—			443
Net cash used for financing activities		(27,116	)		(12,419	)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash		97			(185	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash		(12,847	)		6,334
Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period		62,397			60,763
Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	49,550		$	67,097
Cash and Equivalents	$	49,550		$	66,097
Restricted Cash		—			1,000
Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	49,550		$	67,097

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 3

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollar amounts in thousands)

ASSETS

	March 31, 2020 (Unaudited)		September 30, 2019
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and equivalents	$	49,550	$	62,397
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $521 and $537, respectively		40,184		35,608
Inventories		41,008		39,617
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,847		7,139
Total current assets		136,589		144,761
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, at Cost
Land		987		982
Buildings and improvements		32,004		31,904
Machinery, equipment and furniture		66,006		64,155
Construction in progress		1,252		522
Subtotal		100,249		97,563
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		69,875		66,996
Net property, plant and equipment		30,374		30,567
OTHER ASSETS
Goodwill		89,198		89,241
Other intangible assets, net		56,848		60,243
Right-of-use assets		5,355		—
Deferred income taxes		137		156
Other assets		573		510
Total other assets		152,111		150,150
TOTAL ASSETS	$	319,074	$	325,478

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 4

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollar amounts in thousands)

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	March 31, 2020 (Unaudited)			September 30, 2019
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	7,879		$	7,238
Accrued employee compensation costs		9,009			7,938
Accrued interest		180			498
Current portion of acquisition consideration		13,656			—
Current operating lease obligations		1,350			—
Other accrued expenses		3,445			3,260
Income taxes payable		2,366			1,980
Total current liabilities		37,885			20,914
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Acquisition consideration		17,242			32,202
Post-employment benefits		2,458			2,500
Fair value of interest rate swaps		313			—
Long-term operating lease obligations		4,111			—
Long-term debt		48,824			75,824
Long-term income taxes payable		549			549
Deferred income taxes		3,159			2,522
Total non-current liabilities		76,656			113,597
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued		—			—
Common shares, no par value; 71,000,000 shares authorized, 42,831,267 and 42,712,296 shares issued, respectively		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		134,584			132,834
Retained earnings		75,294			63,108
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,345	)		(4,975	)
Total shareholders’ equity		204,533			190,967
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	319,074		$	325,478

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 5

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Common Shares Issued		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020
Balance at December 31, 2019		42,828	$	133,622		$	65,935		$	(2,265	)	$	197,292
Conversion of restricted share units		3		(9	)		—			—			(9	)
Stock compensation expense		—		971			—			—			971
Net earnings		—		—			9,359			—			9,359
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			(2,786	)		(2,786	)
Hedging activity, net of tax		—		—			—			(294	)		(294	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		42,831	$	134,584		$	75,294		$	(5,345	)	$	204,533
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019
Balance at December 31, 2018		42,489	$	130,876		$	52,291		$	(4,525	)	$	178,642
Cash dividends paid - $0.125 per share		—		—			(5,311	)		—			(5,311	)
Conversion of restricted share units and exercise of stock options		26		377			—			—			377
Stock compensation expense		—		698			—			—			698
Net earnings		—		—			7,094			—			7,094
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			377			377
Hedging activity, net of tax		—		—			—			(232	)		(232	)
Balance at March 31, 2019		42,515	$	131,951		$	54,074		$	(4,380	)	$	181,645
	Common Shares Issued		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
SIX MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020
Balance at September 30, 2019		42,712	$	132,834		$	63,108		$	(4,975	)	$	190,967
Conversion of restricted share units		119		(9	)		—			—			(9	)
Stock compensation expense		—		1,759			—			—			1,759
Net earnings		—		—			12,186			—			12,186
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			(18	)		(18	)
Hedging activity, net of tax		—		—			—			(352	)		(352	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		42,831	$	134,584		$	75,294		$	(5,345	)	$	204,533
SIX MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019
Balance at September 30, 2018		42,400	$	129,193		$	49,602		$	(3,377	)	$	175,418
Cash dividends paid - $0.250 per share		—		—			(10,612	)		—			(10,612	)
Conversion of restricted share units and exercise of stock options		115		390			—			—			390
Stock compensation expense		—		2,368			—			—			2,368
Net earnings		—		—			15,200			—			15,200
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			(339	)		(339	)
Hedging activity, net of tax		—		—			—			(664	)		(664	)
Adoption of ASU 2014-09		—		—			(116	)		—			(116	)
Balance at March 31, 2019		42,515	$	131,951		$	54,074		$	(4,380	)	$	181,645

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Page 6

MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of Management, the interim financial statements include all normal adjustments and disclosures necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2020, the results of its operations for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and its cash flows for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s fiscal 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Financial information as of September 30, 2019 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year. In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in Wuhan, China and spread to other parts of the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) designated COVID-19 (the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. Governments have implemented lockdown and shelter-in-place orders, requiring many non-essential businesses to shut down operations for the time being. The Company’s business, however, is deemed “essential” and it has continued to operate, manufacture and distribute its products to customers globally.

While COVID-19 has not had a material negative impact on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows as of the date of this filing, we cannot reasonably predict the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our future results of operations and cash flows due to the continued uncertainty around the duration and severity of the pandemic. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included herein for additional discussion of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company and its results of operations.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company’s fiscal 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and should be referred to for a description of the Company’s current significant accounting policies, with the exception of Revenue Recognition and Fair Value Measurements, which are set forth below.

(a) Revenue Recognition –

Revenue Disaggregation

The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by major geographic region, major product platform and disease state (Diagnostics only):

Revenue by Reportable Segment & Geographic Region

	Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Inc (Dec)			2020		2019		Inc (Dec)
Diagnostics-
Americas	$	27,670	$	26,263		5	%	$	55,405	$	56,686		(2	)%
EMEA		6,777		6,549		3	%		13,277		12,351		7	%
ROW		495		688		(28	)%		1,051		1,128		(7	)%
Total Diagnostics		34,942		33,500		4	%		69,733		70,165		(1	)%

Page 7

Life Science-
Americas		4,612		5,454	(15	)%		8,627		9,976	(14	)%
EMEA		9,946		7,852	27	%		14,914		15,213	(2	)%
ROW		7,796		3,442	126	%		11,443		6,374	80	%
Total Life Science		22,354		16,748	33	%		34,984		31,563	11	%
Consolidated	$	57,296	$	50,248	14	%	$	104,717	$	101,728	3	%

Revenue by Product Platform/Type

	Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Inc (Dec)			2020		2019		Inc (Dec)
Diagnostics-
Molecular assays	$	7,238	$	7,084		2	%	$	14,077	$	14,314		(2	)%
Immunoassays & blood chemistry assays		27,704		26,416		5	%		55,656		55,851		-	%
Total Diagnostics	$	34,942	$	33,500		4	%	$	69,733	$	70,165		(1	)%
Life Science-
Molecular reagents	$	11,534	$	5,390		114	%	$	16,892	$	11,998		41	%
Immunological reagents		10,820		11,358		(5	)%		18,092		19,565		(8	)%
Total Life Science	$	22,354	$	16,748		33	%	$	34,984	$	31,563		11	%

Revenue by Disease State (Diagnostics only)

	Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Inc (Dec)			2020		2019		Inc (Dec)
Diagnostics-
Gastrointestinal assays	$	14,014	$	16,177		(13	)%	$	30,060	$	34,792		(14	)%
Respiratory illness assays		10,863		7,553		44	%		18,612		15,534		20	%
Blood chemistry assays		4,329		4,330		-	%		9,479		8,760		8	%
Other		5,736		5,440		5	%		11,582		11,079		5	%
Total Diagnostics	$	34,942	$	33,500		4	%	$	69,733	$	70,165		(1	)%

Revenue Policies

Product Sales

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for products when obligations under such contracts are satisfied. Revenue is generally recognized at a point-in-time when products are shipped and control has passed to the customer. Such contracts can include various combinations of products that are generally accounted for as distinct performance obligations.

Revenue is reduced in the period of sale for fees paid to distributors, which are inseparable from the distributor’s purchase of our product and for which we receive no goods or services in return. Revenue for the Diagnostics segment is reduced at the date of sale for product price adjustments payable to certain distributors under local contracts. Management estimates accruals for distributor price adjustments based on local contract terms, sales data provided by distributors, historical statistics, current trends, and other factors. Changes to the accruals are recorded in the period that they become known. Such accruals are netted against accounts receivable.

Shipping and handling costs incurred after control of the product is transferred to our customers are treated as fulfillment costs and not a separate performance obligation.

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Our payment terms differ by jurisdiction and customer but payment is generally required in a term ranging from 30 to 90 days from the date of shipment or satisfaction of the performance obligation. Trade accounts receivable are recorded in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at invoiced amounts less provisions for distributor price adjustments under local contracts and doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents our estimate of probable credit losses and is based on historical write-off experience and known conditions that would likely lead to non-payment. Customer invoices are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable that the invoices will not be paid.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers (sales tax, value added tax, etc.), which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.

Our diagnostic assay products are generally not subject to a customer right of return except for product recall events under the rules and regulations of the Food and Drug Administration or equivalent agencies outside the United States. In this circumstance, the costs to replace affected products would be accrued at the time a loss was probable and estimable.

We expense as incurred the costs to obtain contracts, as the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs, recorded within selling and marketing expense, include our internal sales force compensation programs and certain partner sales incentive programs, as we have determined that annual compensation is commensurate with annual selling activities.

Reagent Rental Arrangements

Certain of our Diagnostics segment’s product platforms require the use of instruments for the tests to be processed. In many cases, a customer is given use of the instrument provided they continue purchasing the associated tests, also referred to as “consumables” or “reagents”. If a customer stops purchasing the consumables, the instrument must be returned to us. Such arrangements are common practice in the diagnostics industry and are referred to as “Reagent Rentals”. Reagent Rentals may also include instrument related services such as a limited replacement warranty, training and installation. We concluded that the use of the instrument and related services (collectively known as “lease elements”) are not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers but rather ASC 842, Leases. Accordingly, we first allocate the transaction price between the lease elements and the non-lease elements based on estimates of relative standalone selling prices. Lease revenue is derived solely from the sale of consumables and is therefore recognized monthly as earned, which coincides with the transfer of control of the non-lease elements.

For the portion of the transaction price allocated to the non-lease elements, which are principally the test kits, the related revenue is recognized at a point-in-time when control transfers.

Revenue allocated to the lease elements of these Reagent Rental arrangements totaled approximately $1,125 and $1,050 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2,250 and $2,100 in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Such revenue is included as part of net revenues in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(b) Fair Value Measurements –

Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value in accordance with ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-level hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy level assigned to each asset and liability is based on the assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used in the valuation of such items at the measurement date based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

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Assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on inputs:

Level 1

Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities

Level 2

Quoted prices in markets that are not active and financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly

Level 3

Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable

As described in Note 3, we acquired the business of GenePOC in fiscal 2019. The fair value of the acquired accounts receivable and other current assets and the fair value of the assumed accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated their carrying value at the acquisition date. Inventories, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and contingent consideration were valued using Level 3 inputs.

The following table provides information by level for financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

				Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
	Carrying Value			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3
Interest rate swaps (see Note 9) -
As of March 31, 2020	$	(313	)	$	—	$	(313	)	$	—
As of September 30, 2019	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—
Contingent consideration -
As of March 31, 2020	$	(25,898	)	$	—	$	—		$	(25,898	)
As of September 30, 2019	$	(27,202	)	$	—	$	—		$	(27,202	)

In connection with the acquisition of the business of GenePOC and as described in Note 3, the Company is required to make contingent consideration payments of up to $70,000, comprised of up to $20,000 for achievement of product development milestones and up to $50,000 for achievement of certain financial targets. The fair value for the contingent payments recognized upon the acquisition as part of the purchase accounting opening balance sheet totaled $27,202. The fair value of the product development milestone payments was estimated by discounting the probability-weighted contingent payments to present value. Assumptions used in the calculations include probability of success, duration of the earn-out and discount rate. The fair value of the financial performance target payments was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation-based model. Assumptions used in these calculations include expected revenue, probability of certain developments, expected expenses and discount rate. The ultimate settlement of contingent consideration could deviate from current estimates based on the actual results of these financial measures. The liability is considered to be a Level 3 financial liability that is re-measured each reporting period, resulting in a value of $25,898 as of March 31, 2020.

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(c) Recent Accounting Pronouncements –

Pronouncements Adopted

On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, Leases. ASC 842 was issued to increase transparency and comparability among entities by recognizing right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about lease arrangements. The Company elected to adopt ASC 842 effective October 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method, which was applied to leases that existed or will be entered into on or after such date, with no adjustment made to prior comparative periods. The comparative periods presented herein reflect the former lease accounting guidance and the required comparative disclosures are included in Note 7, “Leasing Arrangements”. There was no cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings as a result of adopting ASC 842, and additional operating lease ROU assets and obligations of approximately $5,880 were recognized as of October 1, 2019. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the new guidance to not reassess prior conclusions related to the identification, classification and accounting for initial direct costs for leases that commenced prior to October 1, 2019. Additionally, the elections were made to not use hindsight to determine lease terms and to not separate non-lease components within the lease portfolio. See Note 7 for further information.

Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted as of March 31, 2020

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, to provide temporary optional guidance relating to reference rate reform, particularly as it relates to easing the potential burden resulting from the expected discontinuation of the LIBOR rate. The guidance provides practical expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met, which may be applied through December 31, 2022. The Company plans to apply this guidance to such transactions and modifications of arrangements but does not expect application to have a material impact on financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model used to measure credit losses for most financial assets. We will be required to use a new forward-looking expected credit loss model that will replace the existing incurred credit loss model for our accounts receivables. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years (fiscal 2021 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

(d) Reclassifications –

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net earnings or shareholders’ equity.

3. Acquisition of Business of GenePOC

On June 3, 2019, we acquired the business of GenePOC Inc. (“GenePOC”), a Quebec City, Quebec Province, Canada based provider of molecular diagnostic instruments and assays. The purchase agreement contemplates a maximum total consideration of up to $120,000, which was estimated at a total fair value of $77,526 as of the acquisition date. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the maximum consideration is comprised of the following (noting that the valuation set the contingent consideration identified in (ii) and (iii) below at an aggregate amount of $27,202 as of the acquisition date):

(i) a $50,000 cash payment on June 3, 2019, subject to a working capital adjustment and a holdback of $5,000 to secure selling party’s performance of certain post-closing obligations;

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(ii) two $10,000 installments contingent upon the achievement of certain product development milestones if achieved by September 30, 2020 and March 31, 2021, respectively; and

(iii) up to $50,000 of contingent consideration payable if certain financial performance targets are achieved during the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2022.

The total of the holdback identified in (i) above and the currently estimated value of the contingent consideration identified in (ii) and (iii) above are reflected within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 as follows:

Current liabilities - $13,656

Reflects anticipated settlement of the first product milestone payment and the holdback amounts in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.

Non-current liabilities - $17,242

Reflects anticipated settlement of the second product milestone payment and the financial performance targets payments in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and first quarter of fiscal 2023, respectively.

To finance the acquisition, we utilized cash and equivalents on hand and proceeds drawn from our revolving credit facility; see Note 9 for a discussion of subsequent amendments to the credit facility. Proceeds from the credit facility were also utilized to repay and settle the outstanding principal and interest due on our term loan (see Note 9). As a result of estimated total consideration exceeding the fair value of the net assets acquired, goodwill in the amount of $34,582 was recorded in connection with this acquisition, most of which will be deductible for U.S. tax purposes ratably over 15 years. The goodwill results largely from our ability to market and sell GenePOC’s technology and instrument platform through our established customer base and distribution channels.

Purchase Price Allocation

The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of the GenePOC business are as follows:

	June 3, 2019 (as initially reported)		Measurement Period Adjustments			June 3, 2019 (as adjusted)
Fair value of assets acquired -
Accounts receivable	$	58	$	(1	)	$	57
Inventories		1,617		(106	)		1,511
Other current assets		77		7			84
Property, plant and equipment		1,520		(96	)		1,424
Goodwill		34,482		100			34,582
Other intangible assets (estimated useful life):
License agreement (10 years)		5,990		—			5,990
Technology (15 years)		34,040		96			34,136
Government grant (1.33 years)		800		—			800
		78,584		—			78,584
Fair value of liabilities assumed -
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,082		(24	)		1,058
Total consideration paid (including contingent consideration originally estimated at $27,202)	$	77,502	$	24		$	77,526

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Pro Forma Information

The following table provides the unaudited consolidated pro forma results for the periods presented as if the business of GenePOC had been acquired as of the beginning of fiscal 2019. Pro forma results do not include the effect of any synergies anticipated to be achieved from the acquisition, and accordingly, are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred if the acquisition had occurred on the date indicated or that may result in the future.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019		Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net Revenues	$	50,319	$	101,871
Net Earnings	$	3,527	$	7,906

These pro forma amounts have been calculated by including the results of GenePOC, and adjusting the combined results to give effect to the following, as if the acquisition had been consummated on October 1, 2018, together with the consequential tax effects thereon:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
Adjustments to Net Revenues
GenePOC pre-acquisition revenues	$	71		$	143
Adjustments to Net Earnings
GenePOC pre-acquisition net loss	$	(3,125	)	$	(6,328	)
Pro forma adjustments:
Expenses related to non-continuing personnel, locations or activities		627			1,195
Incremental depreciation and amortization		(872	)		(1,748	)
Incremental interest costs		(254	)		(538	)
Tax effects of pro forma adjustments		57			125
Total Adjustments to Net Earnings	$	(3,567	)	$	(7,294	)

4. Restructuring

During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company began implementation of a plan to realign its business structure into two business units, Diagnostics and Life Science, supported by a global corporate team. Since that time and as part of this plan, certain functions and locations within both business units have been streamlined, including: (i) the elimination of certain executive management and commercial sales positions; (ii) the closing of Life Science locations in Taunton, Massachusetts and Singapore, the operations of which were transferred to our locations in Memphis, Tennessee and London, England, respectively; and (iii) the transfer of certain functions performed in the Billerica, Massachusetts Diagnostics facility to the corporate headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. Further restructuring costs were incurred in fiscal 2019 and the first half of fiscal 2020, as refinements to each business unit’s cost structure continued to be made and the Company incurred severance payment obligations relating to the transition of its previous chief financial officer.

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As a result of these activities, restructuring costs totaling $252, $527 and $2,839 were recorded during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

A reconciliation of the changes in the liabilities associated with the restructuring charges from September 30, 2019 through March 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Employee Separation and Related Costs			Lease and Other Contract Termination Fees			Other			Total
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	1,010		$	12		$	114		$	1,136
Restructuring charges		482			86			—			568
Reversal of prior period accruals		(41	)		—			—			(41	)
Payments		(1,367	)		(98	)		(114	)		(1,579	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	84		$	—		$	—		$	84

5. Cash and Equivalents

Cash and equivalents include the following:

	March 31, 2020		September 30, 2019
Institutional money market funds	$	1,015	$	20,913
Cash on hand, unrestricted		48,535		41,484
Total	$	49,550	$	62,397

6. Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

	March 31, 2020		September 30, 2019
Raw materials	$	9,103	$	7,455
Work-in-process		12,856		11,504
Finished goods - instruments		827		935
Finished goods - kits and reagents		18,222		19,723
Total	$	41,008	$	39,617

7. Leasing Arrangements

The Company is party to a number of operating leases, the majority of which are related to office, warehouse and manufacturing space. The related operating lease assets and obligations are reflected within right-of-use assets, current operating lease obligations and long-term operating lease obligations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease payments recognized in the period those payments are incurred. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 reflect lease costs for these operating leases of $130 and $292 within cost of sales and

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operating expenses, respectively; and $259 and $559 within cost of sales and operating expenses, respectively, for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

In addition, the Company has periodically entered into other short-term operating leases, generally with an initial term of twelve months or less. These leases are not recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is immaterial for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company often has options to renew lease terms, with the exercise of lease renewal options generally at the Company’s sole discretion. In addition, certain lease arrangements may be terminated prior to their original expiration date at our discretion. We evaluate renewal and termination options at the lease commencement date to determine if we are reasonably certain to exercise the option on the basis of economic factors. The weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases as of March 31, 2020 was 4.4 years.

The discount rate implicit within our leases is generally not determinable and, therefore, the Company determines the discount rate using its incremental borrowing rate. The weighted average discount rate used to measure our operating leases as of March 31, 2020 was 3.7%.

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	Three Months				Six Months
	Ended March 31,				Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	391	$	—	$	778	$	—

Maturities of lease liabilities by fiscal year for the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows as of March 31, 2020:

	March 31, 2020
Remainder of 2020	$	768
2021		1,515
2022		1,302
2023		943
2024		692
Thereafter		600
Total lease payments		5,820
Less amount of lease payment representing interest		(359	)
Total present value of lease payments	$	5,461

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As of September 30, 2019, future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were as follows:

	September 30, 2019
2020	$	1,528
2021		1,451
2022		1,293
2023		967
2024		712
Thereafter		616
Total	$	6,567

8. Intangible Assets

In light of the economic impacts of COVID-19, the Company performed a review of the assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020, including goodwill, intangible and other long-lived assets. Based on our review, we do not believe that a triggering event exists at this time and, therefore, we believe that we will be able to realize the full value of our assets. As such, no impairments or other write-downs related to COVID-19 have been recorded during fiscal 2020. Our assessment was based on information currently available and relies on various assumptions based on estimates of future cash flows and the probability of achieving the estimated cash flows. Future changes in market, economic or other conditions may lead to impairments in the future.

A summary of our acquired intangible assets subject to amortization, as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, is as follows:

	March 31, 2020				September 30, 2019
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization
Manufacturing technologies, core products and cell lines	$	56,188	$	16,838	$	56,193	$	15,096
Trade names, licenses and patents		14,499		6,851		14,494		6,094
Customer lists, customer relationships and supply agreements		24,285		14,720		24,274		14,110
Government grants		759		474		814		232
Total	$	95,731	$	38,883	$	95,775	$	35,532

The actual aggregate amortization expense for these intangible assets was $1,727 and $829 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3,449 and $1,658 for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for these intangible assets for each of the fiscal years through fiscal 2025 is as follows: remainder of fiscal 2020 – $3,306, fiscal 2021 – $5,490, fiscal 2022 – $5,113, fiscal 2023 – $5,100, fiscal 2024 – $5,096, and fiscal 2025 – $5,096.

9. Bank Credit Arrangements

In anticipation of the acquisition of the business of GenePOC (see Note 3), on May 24, 2019 the Company entered into a credit facility agreement with a commercial bank. The Company amended the credit facility agreement on February 19, 2020 in anticipation of the Company’s pending acquisition of Exalenz Bioscience Ltd. (see Note 12). The credit facility expires in May 2024, and as amended makes available to the Company a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $160,000 (originally $125,000), with outstanding principal amounts

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bearing interest at a fluctuating rate tied to, at the Company’s option, either the federal funds rate or LIBOR, resulting in an effective interest rate of 4.15% and 4.04% on the credit facility during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Since entering into the credit facility through March 31, 2020, two draws totaling $75,824 have been made on the credit facility, with a January 2020 principal repayment resulting in an outstanding principal balance of $48,824 at March 31, 2020 (see Note 12 for activity subsequent to quarter-end). The proceeds from these draws were used to: (i) repay and settle the outstanding principal and interest due on our previously existing $60,000 five-year term loan; and (ii) along with cash on-hand, fund the GenePOC acquisition closing payment. In light of the interest being determined on a variable rate basis, the fair value of the borrowings under the credit facility at March 31, 2020 approximates the current carrying value reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The revolving credit facility is collateralized by the business assets of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries and requires compliance with financial covenants that limit the amount of debt obligations and require a minimum level of coverage of fixed charges, as defined in the credit facility agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company is in compliance with all covenants.

In order to limit exposure to volatility in the LIBOR interest rate, during March 2020 the Company and the commercial bank entered into two interest rate swap agreements that will effectively convert the variable interest rate on $25,000 of the outstanding principal to a fixed rate of 2.31% (at the current credit spread) beginning May 24, 2020, the effective date of the swap agreements. With an initial notional balance of $25,000, the interest rate swap agreements were established with critical terms identical to borrowings under the credit facility, including: (i) one-month LIBOR settlement rates, as to be elected by the Company throughout the remaining term of the credit facility; (ii) rate reset dates; and (iii) term/maturity. Consequently, the interest rate swaps have been designated as effective cash flow hedges, with changes in fair values reflected as a separate component of other comprehensive income in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. At March 31, 2020, the fair value of the interest rate swaps was reported as a liability of $313, which is reflected as a non-current liability in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. This fair value was determined by information provided by the counterparty and is considered a Level 2 input within the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques.

In connection with the Company’s term loan repayment in May 2019, the Company also settled the interest rate swap that had been entered into to limit exposure to volatility in the term loan’s LIBOR interest rate. At the time of settlement, the Company received a cash payment in an amount equal to the  $563 then-current fair value of the interest rate swap. Accordingly, there is no balance for this interest rate swap reflected within assets or liabilities within the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 or September 30, 2019. The fair value of the swap that had been reflected within a separate component of other comprehensive income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, as a result of the interest rate swap having been designated as an effective cash flow hedge, is being released ratably into income through March 31, 2021, the interest rate swap’s original term. 

The balance reflected within accumulated other comprehensive income related to the interest rate swap agreements associated with both the current credit facility and the former term loan totaled ($6) and $461 at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

10. Reportable Segments and Major Customers Information

Meridian was formed in 1976 and functions as a fully-integrated life science company with principal businesses in: (i) the development, manufacture, sale and distribution of diagnostic test kits, primarily for certain gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious diseases, and elevated blood lead levels; and (ii) the manufacture and distribution of bulk antigens, antibodies, PCR/qPCR reagents, nucleotides, and bioresearch reagents used by researchers and other diagnostic manufacturers.

Our reportable segments are Diagnostics and Life Science. The Diagnostics segment consists of manufacturing operations for infectious disease products in Cincinnati, Ohio and Quebec City, Canada, manufacturing operations for blood chemistry products in Billerica, Massachusetts (near Boston), and the sale and distribution of diagnostics products domestically and abroad. This segment’s products are used by hospitals, reference labs and physician offices to detect infectious diseases and elevated lead levels in blood.

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The Life Science segment consists of manufacturing operations in Memphis, Tennessee; Boca Raton, Florida; London, England; and Luckenwalde, Germany, and the sale and distribution of bulk antigens, antibodies, PCR/qPCR reagents, nucleotides, and bioresearch reagents domestically and abroad, including a sales and business development facility in Beijing, China to further pursue revenue opportunities in Asia. This segment’s products are used by manufacturers and researchers in a variety of applications (e.g., in-vitro medical device manufacturing, microRNA detection, next-gen sequencing, plant genotyping, and mutation detection, among others).

Amounts due from two Diagnostics distributor customers accounted for 13% of consolidated accounts receivable at both March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019. Revenues from these two distributor customers accounted for 23% and 25% of the Diagnostics segment third-party revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 25% and 30% during the six-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These distributors represented 14% and 17% of consolidated revenues for the fiscal 2020 and 2019 second quarters, respectively, and 17% and 21% for the respective year-to-date six-month periods.

Within our Life Science segment, two diagnostic manufacturing customers accounted for 17% and 27% of the segment’s third-party revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 16% and 27% during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Segment information for the interim periods is as follows:

	Diagnostics		Life Science		Corporate(1)			Eliminations(2)			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Net revenues -
Third-party	$	34,942	$	22,354	$	—		$	—		$	57,296
Inter-segment		81		55		—			(136	)		—
Operating income		3,842		10,818		(2,896	)		27			11,791
Goodwill (March 31, 2020)		70,317		18,881		—			—			89,198
Other intangible assets, net (March 31, 2020)		56,681		167		—			—			56,848
Total assets (March 31, 2020)		245,059		74,036		—			(21	)		319,074
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net revenues -
Third-party	$	33,500	$	16,748	$	—		$	—		$	50,248
Inter-segment		89		53		—			(142	)		—
Operating income		6,676		5,361		(2,216	)		14			9,835
Goodwill (September 30, 2019)		70,395		18,846		—			—			89,241
Other intangible assets, net (September 30, 2019)		59,807		436		—			—			60,243
Total assets (September 30, 2019)		255,169		70,392		—			(83	)		325,478
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
Net revenues -
Third-party	$	69,733	$	34,984	$	—		$	—		$	104,717
Inter-segment		178		120		—			(298	)		—
Operating income		8,250		13,879		(4,983	)		39			17,185
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net revenues -
Third-party	$	70,165	$	31,563	$	—		$	—		$	101,728
Inter-segment		252		229		—			(481	)		—
Operating income		15,374		10,492		(5,521	)		41			20,386

(1) Includes Restructuring Costs and Selected Legal Costs of $685 and $603 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1,055 and $1,192 in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(2) Eliminations consist of inter-segment transactions.

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A reconciliation of segment operating income to consolidated earnings before income taxes for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months						Six Months
	Ended March 31,						Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Segment operating income	$	14,687		$	12,051		$	22,168		$	25,907
Corporate operating expenses		(2,896	)		(2,216	)		(4,983	)		(5,521	)
Interest income		23			204			134			353
Interest expense		(532	)		(347	)		(1,299	)		(710	)
Other, net		1,365			(445	)		653			(306	)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes	$	12,647		$	9,247		$	16,673		$	19,723

Transactions between segments are accounted for at established intercompany prices for internal and management purposes, with all intercompany amounts eliminated in consolidation.

11. Litigation Matters

On November 15, 2017, Barbara Forman filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (the Court) naming Meridian, its former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer (in their capacities as such) as defendants. An amended complaint was filed on April 16, 2018 and the Company believes the essential elements of the amended complaint are the same. On July 9, 2019, a settlement was reached with the plaintiff that provides for a $2,100 payment by the Company. On October 9, 2019, the Court granted a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement, and on November 7, 2019, the settlement amount was paid from the Company’s directors and officers insurance policy into a plaintiff escrow account. After a final approval hearing on March 16, 2020, on March 17, 2020, the Court issued an order and judgment approving the settlement. Because the settlement was a covered claim under our directors and officers insurance policy, no provision for litigation losses has been included within  the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 or March 31, 2019.

On December 6, 2017, Michael Edelson filed a derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio naming Meridian, its former Chief Executive Officer, former Chief Financial Officer and certain members of Meridian’s Board of Directors and Audit Committee (in their capacities as such) as defendants. The complaint alleges that Meridian made false and misleading representations concerning certain of Magellan’s lead test systems at or around the time of Meridian’s acquisition of Magellan and subsequent thereto, and the complaint alleges that certain members of the Board of Directors and Audit Committee breached their fiduciary duties in their oversight of the Company’s public disclosures and corporate governance matters. The complaint sought compensatory damages, equitable relief relating to corporate governance matters and attorneys’ fees. On October 9, 2019, the Court granted plaintiff’s motion for voluntary dismissal. Accordingly, no provision for litigation losses has been included within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 or March 31, 2019.

On April 17, 2018, Meridian’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Magellan Diagnostics, Inc. received a subpoena from the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) regarding its LeadCare product line. The subpoena outlines documents to be produced, and the Company is cooperating with the DOJ in this matter. The Company maintains rigorous policies and procedures to promote compliance with applicable regulatory agencies and requirements, and is working with the DOJ to promptly respond to the subpoena, including responding to additional information requests. The Company has executed multiple tolling agreements to extend the statute of limitations. The Company cannot predict when the investigation will be resolved, the outcome of the investigation, or its potential impact on the Company. Approximately $725 and $560 of expense for attorneys’ fees related to this matter is included within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively; approximately $1,005 and $1,100 for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

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12. Subsequent Events

On April 30, 2020, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Exalenz Bioscience Ltd. (“Exalenz”), a manufacturer of a urea breath diagnostic testing platform headquartered in Modi’in, Israel, for approximately $48,000 in cash. In addition, the Company paid approximately $8,000 in cash for Exalenz to repay two bank loans. During 2019, Exalenz generated approximately $14,000 of revenue from sales of its BreathID® Breath Test Systems. This purchase will be included in our Diagnostics operating segment and accounted for as a business combination. In connection with the merger consideration for the acquisition and repayment of the Exalenz bank loans, the Company executed two forward contracts with a total notional amount of 187,000 New Israeli Shekels, both of which settled on April 20, 2020.

In anticipation of the Exalenz acquisition, in April 2020, an additional $50,000 was drawn on the revolving credit facility, resulting in an outstanding principal balance of $98,424 as of the date of this filing.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Refer to “Forward-Looking Statements” following the Table of Contents in front of this Form 10-Q. In the discussion that follows, all dollar amounts are in thousands (both tables and text), except per share data.

The purpose of Management’s Discussion and Analysis is to provide an understanding of Meridian’s financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in Wuhan, China and spread to other parts of the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) designated COVID-19 (the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. Governments have implemented lockdown and shelter-in-place orders, requiring many non-essential businesses to shut down operations for the time being. Our business, however, is deemed “essential” and has continued to operate and manufacture and distribute products to customers globally. We have developed a comprehensive plan that enables us to maintain operational continuity with an emphasis on manufacturing, product distribution and new product development during this crisis. We continually assess COVID-19 related developments and adjust risk mitigation planning and business continuity activities as needed.

Employee Safety

In mid-March 2020, we instituted a work from home process for employees whose on-site presence is designated as non-essential to the ongoing function of our manufacturing site, distribution centers, and new product development facilities. We have implemented enhanced cleaning and sanitizing procedures, and provided additional personal hygiene supplies at all of our sites. We have implemented policies for employees to adhere to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) guidelines on social distancing and any employees experiencing any symptoms of COVID-19 are required to stay home and seek medical attention. Any employee who tests positive for COVID-19 is required to quarantine and is not allowed to return to our facilities without a physician’s release. We have closed our facilities to outside persons who are not critical to continuing our operations. To date, we have been able to manufacture and distribute products globally, and our sites continue to operate without interruption. As the pandemic continues to spread over time, there is an increased risk of employee absenteeism, which could materially impact our operations at one or more sites. To date, our work from home processes have not materially impacted the Company’s financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls.

Supply Chains

Currently and as anticipated for the near future, our supply chains supporting our products remain intact, providing access to sufficient inventory of the key materials needed for manufacturing. To date, delays and allocations for certain raw materials of higher demand have been limited, and have not had a material impact on our results of operations. We are regularly communicating with our suppliers, third-party partners, customers, health care providers

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and government officials in order to respond rapidly to issues as they arise. The longer the current situation continues, it is more likely that we may experience some sort of interruption to our supply chains, and such an interruption could materially affect our ability to timely manufacture and distribute our products and unfavorably impact our results of operations.

Clinical Trial Delays

As a result of the pandemic, certain clinical trials which were underway or scheduled to begin have been temporarily placed on hold. Such delays will impact our timing for filing applications for product clearances with the FDA, as well as related timing of FDA clearances of such filings. Additionally, the pandemic could slow down our efforts to expand our product portfolio through acquisitions and distribution opportunities, impacting the speed with which we are able to bring additional products to market.

Product Demand

Our Life Science segment manufactures, markets and sells a number of immunoassay and molecular reagents to IVD customers, including those who are making both molecular and immunoassay COVID-19 tests. During our second quarter of fiscal 2020, we began seeing unprecedented demand for certain of our molecular reagents (e.g., ribonucleic acid (“RNA”) master mixes and nucleotides), and such demand has continued into our third fiscal quarter. Although we are unable to predict when this demand may subside, we expect materially higher revenue levels for these products during the next three to six months. These products are currently being used by over 35 IVD companies around the world in the development of COVID-19 molecular tests. In addition, during April we announced the launch of several recombinant antigens critical for the development of antibody tests for COVID-19. Based upon the launch of these immunological reagent products and the strong demand for molecular reagent products noted above, we are currently expecting third quarter Life Science revenues of at least double that of normal quarterly levels.

Our Diagnostics segment manufactures, markets and sells a number of molecular, immunoassay and blood chemistry assays for various infectious diseases and blood-lead levels. We expect near-term sales volumes for a number of these assays to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as such assays are often used in non-critical care settings. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly slowed our instrument placements as diagnostic testing sites have turned their attention to critical care testing. During the month of April, our weekly shipments of Diagnostic products were approximately 50% of expected volume levels. Given the nature of our diagnostic assays (i.e., infectious disease and blood-lead), we expect to return to expected sales volume levels within three to six months assuming shelter in place orders relax and health care facilities return to normal, pre-pandemic operations in the near term. However, no assurances can be made in this regard.

Asset Impairment Review

In light of the economic impacts of COVID-19, the Company performed a review of the assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020, including intangible and other long-lived assets. Based on our review, we do not believe that a triggering event exists at this time and, therefore, we believe that we will be able to realize the full value of our assets. As such, no impairments or other write-downs related to COVID-19 were recorded during fiscal 2020. Our assessment was based on information currently available and relies on various assumptions based on estimates of future cash flows and the probability of achieving the estimated cash flows. Future changes in market, economic or other conditions may lead to future impairments.

Access to Capital

As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s outstanding debt balance on its revolving credit facility was $48,824. The impacts of COVID-19 have adversely affected the capital markets and the ability of many companies to access capital and liquidity on favorable terms or at all. The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity and cash flows to meet its operating and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months. We drew $50,000 on our revolving credit facility in April to complete the acquisition of Exalenz Bioscience Ltd. (“Exalenz”) described in Note 12, “Subsequent Events” of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company expects to be in compliance with its financial covenants during the same period. However, the Company is currently unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its ability to access capital in the future. If the Company is unable to access additional capital and liquidity on acceptable terms, it could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and ability to meet its future obligations beyond the next twelve months.

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Based on the foregoing, the Company cannot reasonably predict the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our future results of operations and cash flows due to the continued uncertainty around the duration and severity of the pandemic. The COVID-19 situation is changing rapidly and future impacts may materialize that are not yet known.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2020

Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 increased 32% to $9,359, or $0.22 per diluted share, from net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 of $7,094, or $0.17 per diluted share. For the six-month period ended March 31, 2020, net earnings were $12,186, or $0.28 per diluted share. The level of net earnings in the second quarter (“QTD”) and first six months (“YTD”) of fiscal 2020 were affected by several factors, including most notably the combined effects of the following (amounts presented on a pre-tax basis):

(i) significantly higher revenue in the Life Science operating segment, due in large part to supplying key molecular components to diagnostic test manufacturers for use in COVID-19 related tests;

(ii) higher research and development spending in the Diagnostics segment ($1,618 QTD; $2,731 YTD);

(iii) increased cash-based incentive compensation ($2,045 QTD; $2,570 YTD);

(iv) increased intangible asset amortization, primarily resulting from purchase accounting amortization related to the acquisition of the GenePOC business in June 2019 ($825 QTD; $1,715 YTD);

(v) increased acquisition-related costs in connection with the fiscal 2020 Exalenz transaction, as compared to those related to the GenePOC transaction in fiscal 2019 ($902 QTD; $815 YTD);

(vi) a decrease in the fair value of the earnout obligation for the acquisition of the GenePOC business ($2,491 QTD; $1,304 YTD); and

(vii) significantly higher gains related to foreign currency, particularly as it relates to the British pound sterling ($1,704 QTD; $643 YTD).

Consolidated revenues for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 totaled $57,296, an increase of 14% compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019 (15% increase on a constant-currency basis).

Revenues for the Diagnostics segment for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 increased 4% compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019 (5% increase on a constant-currency basis), comprised of a 2% increase in molecular assay products and a 5% increase in immunoassay and blood chemistry assay products. As previously noted, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically slowed the placement of our molecular assay products during the quarter, resulting in 35 Revogene® systems being installed during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and a total Revogene system install base of 148 systems as of March 31, 2020. With a 114% increase in molecular reagents products and a 5% decrease in immunological reagents products, revenues for our Life Science segment increased 33% during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2019. On a constant-currency basis, revenues for the Life Science segment increased 34%. Life Science revenues reflect a significant increase in the sales of key molecular components such as RNA master mixes and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (“dNTPs”) to diagnostic test manufacturers for use in COVID-19 related tests, including a fourfold increase in revenue from sales into China.

Consolidated revenues increased 3% to $104,717 for the first six months of fiscal 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year (also 3% on a constant-currency basis). On an operating segment basis, Diagnostics revenues decreased 1% (flat on a constant-currency basis) and Life Science revenues increased 11% (12% increase on a constant-currency basis).

Lead Testing Matters 

On June 29, 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), in connection with its Safety Notification related to Magellan’s LeadCare testing systems for venous blood samples, issued to Magellan its Form 483, Inspectional Observations. The FDA issued a related Warning Letter on October 23, 2017. On April 17, 2018, Magellan received a subpoena from the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) regarding its LeadCare product line. The subpoena outlines documents to be produced, and we continue to cooperate with the DOJ in this matter, including responding to additional information requests. We have executed multiple tolling agreements to extend the statute of limitations.

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Magellan submitted 510(k) applications in December 2018, seeking to reinstate venous blood sample-types for its LeadCare® II, LeadCare® Plus™ and LeadCare Ultra® testing systems. In the second fiscal quarter of 2019 the FDA informed Magellan that each of these 510(k) applications had been put on Additional Information hold. On July 15, 2019, we provided responses to the FDA’s requests for Additional Information. These 510(k) applications have since expired and are no longer under FDA review. Further, while Magellan’s LeadCare testing systems remain cleared for marketing by the FDA and permitted for use with capillary blood samples, the FDA advised that it has commissioned a third-party study of Magellan’s LeadCare testing systems using both venous and capillary blood samples. According to the FDA, the results of the field study will be used in conjunction with other information, including review by an FDA Advisory Committee, to determine whether further action by the FDA or the CDC is necessary to protect the public health. Meridian intends to fully cooperate with the FDA as the third-party study and Advisory Committee review are completed.

During October 2019, the FDA performed a follow-up inspection of Magellan’s manufacturing facility. The FDA issued five Form FDA 483 observations. In November 2019, we submitted to the FDA our written responses to the five Form FDA 483 observations and have implemented a remediation plan that we are actively working. In January and February 2020, we submitted to the FDA additional written responses to the Form FDA 483 observations. On March 18, 2020, we participated in a regulatory meeting with the FDA at the FDA’s request to further discuss the Form FDA 483 observations and our remediation efforts. While we remain committed to strengthening Magellan’s quality system and ensuring that all aspects of the system are in full compliance, we can provide no assurance that our remediation efforts will be successful to a degree acceptable by the FDA.

In the course of remediation, we may encounter additional matters that warrant notifications to the FDA and/or customers regarding the use of our products. At this time, we do not believe that any such notifications would impact the ability to use the LeadCare systems with capillary blood samples. While we remain confident in the performance of the Magellan LeadCare testing systems using capillary samples, we do not expect that the FDA will reinstate our venous blood claims. We can provide no assurance that the ongoing investigation and study of the DOJ and FDA, respectively, or future exercise of their respective enforcement, regulatory, discretionary or other powers will not result in findings or alleged violations of federal laws that could lead to enforcement actions, proceedings or litigation and the imposition of damages, fines, penalties, restitution, other monetary liabilities, sanctions, injunctions, settlements or changes to our business practices, product offerings or operations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations; or eliminate altogether our ability to operate our lead testing business, or on terms substantially similar to those on which we currently operate.

REVENUE OVERVIEW

Below are analyses of the Company’s revenue, provided for each of the following:

- By Reportable Segment & Geographic Region

- By Product Platform/Type

Revenue Overview- By Reportable Segment & Geographic Region

Our reportable segments are Diagnostics and Life Science. The Diagnostics segment consists of manufacturing operations for infectious disease diagnostic products in Cincinnati, Ohio and Quebec City, Canada, and manufacturing operations for blood chemistry products in Billerica, Massachusetts (near Boston). These diagnostic test products are sold and distributed in the countries comprising North and Latin America (the “Americas”); Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and other countries outside of the Americas and EMEA (rest of the world, or “ROW”). The Life Science segment consists of manufacturing operations in Memphis, Tennessee; Boca Raton, Florida; London, England; and Luckenwalde, Germany, and the sale and distribution of bulk antigens, antibodies, PCR/qPCR reagents, nucleotides, and bioresearch reagents domestically and abroad, including a sales and business development facility, with outsourced distribution capabilities, in Beijing, China to further pursue growing revenue opportunities in Asia.

Revenues for the Diagnostics segment, in the normal course of business, may be affected from quarter to quarter by buying patterns of major distributors, seasonality and severity of seasonal diseases and outbreaks, and foreign currency exchange rates. Revenues for the Life Science segment, in the normal course of business, may be affected

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from quarter to quarter by buying patterns of major IVD manufacturing customers and foreign currency exchange rates.

See the “Revenue Disaggregation” section of Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for detailed revenue disaggregation information.

Following is a discussion of the revenues generated by these product platforms/types and/or disease states:

Diagnostics Products

The acquisition of the Revogene molecular diagnostics platform, the development of the Curian® immunoassay platform, and the expansion of the related assay-menu for each of these platforms are important steps in addressing competitive pressures in our gastrointestinal and respiratory illness assay families. We are actively converting our existing Alethia® install base to the Revogene platform for C. difficile, Group A Streptococcus (“Group A Strep”) and Group B Streptococcus (“Group B Strep”) assays. As previously noted, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically slowed the placement of our molecular assay products during the quarter, resulting in 35 Revogene systems being installed during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and a total Revogene system install base of 148 systems as of March 31, 2020. In March 2020, we received clearance from the FDA for the Curian immunoassay diagnostics instrument and its first assay, a test for H. pylori antigen in stool. We believe the advantages of the Curian analyzer will help protect our existing rapid test accounts.

Gastrointestinal Assays

During the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2020, revenues from our gastrointestinal products, which include tests for C. difficile, H. pylori and certain foodborne pathogens, among others, totaled $14,014 and $30,060, respectively. These revenue levels represent 13% and 14% decreases for this product category from the fiscal 2019 quarterly and year-to-date periods, respectively. These decreases result in large part from the pricing and volume pressures we continue to face within this product category. We have executed multi-year supply agreements with our two largest reference laboratory customers for H. pylori tests to secure volume, albeit at lower selling prices. We continue to believe there are ongoing benefits to be realized from: (i) the health and economic benefits of a test and treat strategy; (ii) changes in policies that discourage the use of traditional serology methods and promote the utilization of active infection testing methods; and (iii) physician behavior movement away from serology-based testing. Beginning in April, we began seeing lower order demand for most of our gastrointestinal products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Contributing to the competitive pressures being faced in this product category, the patents for our H. pylori products, owned by us, expired in May 2016 in the U.S. and in May 2017 in countries outside the U.S. We expect competition with respect to our H. pylori products to continue to increase, and such competition may have an adverse impact on our selling prices for these products, or our ability to retain business at prices acceptable to us, and consequently, adversely affect our future results of operations and liquidity, including revenues and gross profit. We intend for our Curian HpSA® assay, cleared by the FDA in March 2020, to help protect our existing customer base using lateral flow tests. We also maintain a strategic collaboration with DiaSorin to sell H. pylori tests. We are unable to provide assurances that we will be successful with any strategy or that any strategy will prevent an adverse effect on our future results of operations and liquidity, including revenues and gross profit.

Respiratory Illness Assays

Overcoming lower sales volumes in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, revenues for our respiratory illness products, which include tests for Group A Strep, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Influenza, and Pertussis, among others, increased 44% and 20% in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2020, respectively. These increases primarily reflect volume increases in Group A Strep, Influenza and Mycoplasma related products from a very strong respiratory season, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Blood Chemistry Assays

Revenues from our sale of products to test for elevated levels of lead in blood remained flat during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 at a level of $4,329 and increased 8% for the fiscal year-to-date period to $9,479. During the latter part of March, we began seeing lower order demand for our blood-lead test as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Life Science Products

During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, revenues from our Life Science segment increased 33% compared to the fiscal 2019 second quarter, with revenues from molecular reagent sales increasing 114% and revenues from immunological reagent sales decreasing 5%. Life Science segment revenues increased 11% for the first six months of fiscal 2020, reflecting a 41% increase in revenues from molecular reagent sales and an 8% decrease in immunological reagent sales. Our Life Science segment’s revenue growth was slightly impacted by the movement in currency exchange rates since the fiscal 2019 periods, with revenues increasing 34% and 12% over the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2019, respectively, on a constant-currency basis. The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to the increased demand for key molecular components such as RNA master mixes and dNTPs from diagnostic test manufacturers for use in COVID-19 related tests. Largely as a result of this COVID-19 related demand, revenue from sales into China totaled approximately $5,300 for the second quarter of fiscal 2020, a fourfold increase over the comparable fiscal 2019 quarter. For the first six months of fiscal 2020, revenue from sales into China totaled approximately $7,100, or a threefold increase over the comparable fiscal 2019 period.

Additionally, order patterns for non-COVID-19 related products from many of our top IVD manufacturing customers returned to more normal levels during the current quarter. However, it remains unclear whether the shortfall experienced from these customers during the fiscal 2020 first quarter will be overcome throughout the remainder of the fiscal year.

Significant Customers

Revenue concentrations related to certain customers within our Diagnostics and Life Science segments are set forth in Note 10, “Reportable Segments and Major Customers Information” of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Gross Profit

	Three Months Ended March 31,									Six Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			Change			2020			2019			Change
Gross Profit	$	34,454		$	29,338			17	%	$	61,894		$	60,910			2	%
Gross Profit Margin		60	%		58	%		2 points			59	%		60	%		-1 point

The gross profit margin increase experienced in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 results primarily from the positive impacts of a significantly higher percentage of the Life Science segment’s revenue relating to sales of molecular products and the segment’s manufacturing of larger-than-normal batch sizes for the RNA master mixes, both in response to the COVID-19 pandemic demand. The decrease during the six month fiscal year-to-date period primarily reflects the effect of this increased COVID-19 demand being more than offset by the combined effects of: (i) previously-noted pricing changes within our H. pylori product line; (ii) mix of products sold, particularly decreased contribution from certain of our higher margin gastrointestinal assays; and (iii) production capacity ramp-up costs for our Quebec facility where Revogene instruments and test devices are made.

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Operating Expenses - Segment Detail

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Research & Development		Selling & Marketing		General & Administrative		Other			Total Operating Expenses
Fiscal 2019:
Diagnostics	$	3,172	$	5,481	$	4,336	$	760		$	13,749
Life Science		644		1,430		1,439		25			3,538
Corporate		—		—		1,613		603			2,216
Total Expenses (2019 Quarter)	$	3,816	$	6,911	$	7,388	$	1,388		$	19,503
Fiscal 2020:
Diagnostics	$	4,791	$	5,374	$	6,363	$	(505	)	$	16,023
Life Science		595		1,140		1,906		103			3,744
Corporate		—		—		2,211		685			2,896
Total Expenses (2020 Quarter)	$	5,386	$	6,514	$	10,480	$	283		$	22,663

	Six Months Ended March 31,
	Research & Development		Selling & Marketing		General & Administrative		Other		Total Operating Expenses
Fiscal 2019:
Diagnostics	$	6,286	$	11,523	$	9,027	$	847	$	27,683
Life Science		1,414		2,951		2,930		25		7,320
Corporate		—		—		4,329		1,192		5,521
Total Expenses (2019 Year-to-Date)	$	7,700	$	14,474	$	16,286	$	2,064	$	40,524
Fiscal 2020:
Diagnostics	$	9,017	$	10,713	$	11,841	$	812	$	32,383
Life Science		1,193		2,485		3,467		198		7,343
Corporate		—		—		3,928		1,055		4,983
Total Expenses (2020 Year-to-Date)	$	10,210	$	13,198	$	19,236	$	2,065	$	44,709

Operating Expenses – Comparisons to Prior Year Periods

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Research & Development			Selling & Marketing			General & Administrative			Other			Total Operating Expenses
2019 Expenses	$	3,816		$	6,911		$	7,388		$	1,388		$	19,503
% of Revenues		8	%		14	%		15	%		3	%		39	%
Fiscal 2020 Increases/(Decreases):
Diagnostics		1,619			(107	)		2,027			(1,265	)		2,274
Life Science		(49	)		(290	)		467			78			206
Corporate		—			—			598			82			680
2020 Expenses	$	5,386		$	6,514		$	10,480		$	283		$	22,663
% of Revenues		9	%		11	%		18	%		1	%		40	%
% Increase (Decrease)		41	%		(6	)%		42	%		(80	)%		16	%

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	Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Research & Development			Selling & Marketing			General & Administrative			Other			Total Operating Expenses
2019 Expenses	$	7,700		$	14,474		$	16,286		$	2,064		$	40,524
% of Revenues		8	%		14	%		16	%		2	%		40	%
Fiscal 2020 Increases/(Decreases):
Diagnostics		2,731			(810	)		2,814			(35	)		4,700
Life Science		(221	)		(466	)		537			173			23
Corporate		—			—			(401	)		(137	)		(538	)
2020 Expenses	$	10,210		$	13,198		$	19,236		$	2,065		$	44,709
% of Revenues		10	%		13	%		18	%		2	%		43	%
% Increase (Decrease)		33	%		(9	)%		18	%		-	%		10	%

The changes in operating expenses primarily reflect the following:

• Increased Research & Development costs, primarily for the development of the Revogene system GI and RI panel assays for the Diagnostics operating segment;

• Decreased Selling & Marketing costs, primarily reflecting the effects of reorganization and streamlining initiatives;

• Increased General & Administrative costs, primarily reflecting additional investment in incentive compensation, along with the purchase accounting amortization from the acquisition of the GenePOC business; and

• Increased acquisition and restructuring costs, along with a decrease in fair value of the contingent consideration obligation for the GenePOC business, all of which are reflected within “Other” in the above tables.

Operating Income

Operating income increased 20% to $11,791 for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and decreased 16% to $17,185 for the first six months of fiscal 2020, as a result of the factors discussed above.

Income Taxes

The effective rate for income taxes was 26% and 27% for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2020, respectively, compared to 23% for both corresponding periods in fiscal 2019. This higher fiscal 2020 tax rate results largely from the non-deductibility of the acquisition-related costs related to Exalenz, along with the tax impact of restricted share units lapsing on a date when the share price was significantly lower than the share price on the date the restricted share units were granted. In accordance with current applicable guidance, the tax effect of this difference is recorded directly to income tax expense. We expect our effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to approximate 25.5% to 26.5%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Liquidity

Our cash flow and financing requirements are determined by analyses of operating and capital spending budgets and debt service. We have historically maintained a credit facility to augment working capital requirements and to respond quickly to acquisition opportunities.

We have an investment policy that guides the holdings of our investment portfolio, which presently consists of bank savings accounts and institutional money market mutual funds. Our objectives in managing the investment portfolio

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are to: (i) preserve capital; (ii) provide sufficient liquidity to meet working capital requirements and fund strategic objectives such as acquisitions; and (iii) capture a market rate of return commensurate with market conditions and our policy’s investment eligibility criteria. As we look forward, we will continue to manage the holdings of our investment portfolio with preservation of capital being the primary objective.

We intend to continue to fund our working capital requirements from current cash flows from operating activities and cash on hand. If needed, we also have an additional source of liquidity through the amount remaining available on our $160,000 bank revolving credit facility, which totaled approximately $61,200 as of April 30, 2020, following the additional $50,000 drawn on the credit facility in April to complete the acquisition of Exalenz. Our liquidity needs may change if overall economic conditions worsen and/or liquidity and credit within the financial markets tightens for an extended period of time, and such conditions impact the collectability of our customer accounts receivable, impact credit terms with our vendors, or disrupt the supply of raw materials and services.

As of March 31, 2020, our cash and equivalents balance was $49,550 or $17,547 lower than at the end of the fiscal 2019 second quarter, and $12,847 lower than at the end of fiscal 2019, resulting in large part from the $27,000 revolving credit facility payment in January 2020. As a result of the cash generated during the first six months of fiscal 2020, since the beginning of fiscal 2020, our balance of net debt (defined as bank debt and total contingent obligations related to the acquisition of the GenePOC, net of cash and equivalents on-hand) has decreased approximately $15,500 to approximately $30,200 at March 31, 2020. Net cash flows from operating activities and cash on hand are anticipated to be adequate to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service during the next twelve months.

The impacts of COVID-19 have adversely affected the capital markets and the ability of many companies to access capital and liquidity on favorable terms or at all. The Company expects to be in compliance with its financial covenants for at least the next twelve months. However, the Company is currently unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its ability to access capital in the future. If the Company is unable to access additional capital and liquidity on acceptable terms, it could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and ability to meet its future obligations beyond the next twelve months.

In April 2019, we suspended the payment of our quarterly cash dividend. The dividend was suspended as part of our regular evaluation of capital allocation, with the action taken in order to deploy cash into new product development activities for the Revogene molecular diagnostic platform, as well as the Curian and Pediastat® platforms, among other investments, and to preserve capital resources and liquidity for general corporate purposes.

Capital Resources

As described in Note 9, “Bank Credit Arrangements” of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and above, the Company maintains a $160,000 credit facility, which is secured by substantially all of our assets and includes certain restrictive financial covenants.

Our capital expenditures are estimated to range between approximately $3,000 to $4,000 for fiscal 2020, with the actual amount dependent upon actual operating results and the phasing of certain projects. Such expenditures may be funded with cash and equivalents on hand, operating cash flows and/or availability under the $160,000 revolving credit facility discussed above.

We do not utilize any special-purpose financing vehicles or have any undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Other than the impact of the recent outbreak of COVID-19 on our business and results of operations as discussed elsewhere in this report, there have been no material changes in the Company’s exposure to market risk since September 30, 2019.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of March 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 11, “Litigation Matters” of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from risk factors as previously disclosed in the Company’s fiscal 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Item 1A to Part I of Form 10-K, except that we are adding the following risk factor discussion relating to coronavirus COVID-19.

Our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

Any outbreak of contagious diseases, such as COVID-19, or other adverse public health developments, could have material and adverse effects on our business operations. Such adverse effects could include diversion or prioritization of health care resources away from the conduct of diagnostic testing, disruptions of or restrictions on the ability of laboratories to process our tests, and delays with respect to or difficulties in patients accessing our tests, including those resulting from an inability to travel as a result of quarantines or other restrictions resulting from COVID-19.

As COVID-19 continues to affect individuals and businesses around the globe, we may experience disruptions that could severely impact our business, including:

• decreased volume of testing and related sales of certain of our Diagnostics products as a result of disruptions to health care providers and limitations on the ability of providers to administer tests;

• disruptions or restrictions on the ability of our, our collaborators’, or our suppliers’ personnel to travel, and temporary closures of our facilities or the facilities of our collaborators or suppliers;

• limitations on employee resources that would otherwise be focused on the development of our products, processing our diagnostic tests, and the conduct of our clinical trials, including because

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of sickness of employees or their families or requirements imposed on employees to avoid contact with large groups of people; and

• delays in necessary interactions with local regulators, ethics committees and other important agencies and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or forced furlough of government employees.

In addition, the continued spread of COVID-19 globally could adversely affect our manufacturing and supply chains. Parts of our direct and indirect supply chains are located overseas, including in China, and may accordingly be subject to disruption. Additionally, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that COVID-19 or any other epidemic harms our business or the economy in general either domestically or in any other region in which we do business. The extent to which COVID-19 affects our operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration of the outbreak, new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19, and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

To date, we are seeing that the outbreak has slowed our assay instrument placements and sales of related test kits as diagnostic testing sites have turned their attention to critical care testing. We are unable to predict when expected sales volume levels for our instruments and related test kits will return. Also, as a result of the pandemic, certain clinical trials related to our products which were underway or scheduled to begin have been temporarily placed on hold. Such delays will impact our timing for filing applications for product clearances with the FDA, as well as related timing of FDA clearances of such filings. Additionally, the pandemic could slow down our efforts to expand our product portfolio through acquisitions and distribution opportunities, impacting the speed with which we are able to bring additional products to market.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are being filed or furnished as a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 19, 2020, by and among Meridian Bioscience, Inc., APM Trust Shelf 14 Ltd. and Exalenz Bioscience Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Meridian’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2020)
10.1	Voting Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2020, by and between Mori Arkin and Meridian Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Meridian’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2020)
10.2	First Amendment and Consent, dated as of February 19, 2020, by and among Meridian Bioscience, Inc., the guarantors party thereto from time to time, the lenders party thereto from time to time and PNC Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Meridian’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2020)
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Instance Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Instance Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Instance Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Instance Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Instance Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE, INC.
Date: May 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Bryan T. Baldasare
		Bryan T. Baldasare
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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