Fair Value Disclosures

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures

Financial Instruments

The table below provides, as of the dates indicated, a summary of assets (liabilities) related to our financial instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis (amounts in thousands):



		Fair value
Financial Instrument	Fair value hierarchy	April 30, 2017			October 31, 2016
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale	Level 2	$	89,485		$	248,601
Forward Loan Commitments — Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale	Level 2	$	(59	)	$	1,390
Interest Rate Lock Commitments (“IRLCs”)	Level 2	$	(646	)	$	(921	)
Forward Loan Commitments — IRLCs	Level 2	$	646		$	921

At April 30, 2017 and October 31, 2016, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and investments approximated fair value.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

At the end of the reporting period, we determine the fair value of our mortgage loans held for sale and the forward loan commitments we have entered into as a hedge against the interest rate risk of our mortgage loans and commitments using the market approach to determine fair value.

The table below provides, as of the dates indicated, the aggregate unpaid principal and fair value of mortgage loans held for sale (amounts in thousands):



	Aggregate unpaid principal balance		Fair value		Excess/(Deficit)
At April 30, 2017	$	88,731	$	89,485	$	754
At October 31, 2016	$	246,794	$	248,601	$	1,807

Inventory

We recognize inventory impairment charges based on the difference in the carrying value of the inventory and its fair value at the time of the evaluation. The fair value of the aforementioned inventory was determined using Level 3 criteria. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies – Inventory,” in our 2016 Form 10-K for information regarding our methodology for determining fair value. The table below summarizes, for the periods indicated, the ranges of certain quantitative unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of impaired operating communities:



Three months ended:	Selling price per unit ($ in thousands)	Sales pace per year (in units)	Discount rate
Fiscal 2017:
January 31	692 - 880	4 - 12	16.3%
April 30	827 - 856	6 - 11	16.3%

Fiscal 2016:
January 31	—	—	—
April 30	369 - 394	18 - 23	16.3%
July 31	—	—	—
October 31	—	—	—

The table below provides, for the periods indicated, the fair value of operating communities whose carrying value was adjusted and the amount of impairment charges recognized ($ amounts in thousands):



		Impaired operating communities
Three months ended:	Number of communities tested	Number of communities	Fair value of communities, net of impairment charges		Impairment charges recognized
Fiscal 2017:
January 31	57	2	$	8,372	$	4,000
April 30	46	6	$	25,092	2,935
					$	6,935
Fiscal 2016:
January 31	43	2	$	1,713	$	600
April 30	41	2	$	10,103	6,100
July 31	51	2	$	11,714	1,250
October 31	59	2	$	1,126	415
					$	8,365

Debt

The table below provides, as of the dates indicated, the book value and estimated fair value of our debt (amounts in thousands):



		April 30, 2017				October 31, 2016
	Fair value hierarchy	Book value		Estimated fair value		Book value		Estimated fair value
Loans payable (a)	Level 2	$	639,483	$	637,819	$	872,809	$	870,384
Senior notes (b)	Level 1	3,007,376		3,148,869		2,707,376		2,843,177
Mortgage company loan facility (c)	Level 2	61,129		61,129		210,000		210,000
		$	3,707,988	$	3,847,817	$	3,790,185	$	3,923,561


(a)	The estimated fair value of loans payable was based upon contractual cash flows discounted at interest rates that we believed were available to us for loans with similar terms and remaining maturities as of the applicable valuation date.


(b)	The estimated fair value of our senior notes is based upon their market prices as of the applicable valuation date.


(c)	We believe that the carrying value of our mortgage company loan borrowings approximates their fair value.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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