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Asset-Backed Financing
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 25, 2022
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Asset-Backed Financing Asset-Backed Financing
The Company participates in asset-backed financing both through asset-backed securitization transactions and through asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities. In the Company's asset-backed financing programs, the Company transfers retail motorcycle finance receivables to special purpose entities (SPEs), which are considered VIEs under U.S. GAAP. Each SPE then converts those assets into cash, through the issuance of debt. The Company retains servicing rights for all of the retail motorcycle finance receivables transferred to SPEs as part of an asset-backed financing. The accounting treatment for asset-backed financings depends on the terms of the related transaction and the Company’s continuing involvement with the VIE.
In transactions where the Company has power over the significant activities of the VIE and has an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are potentially significant to the VIE, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidates the VIE within its consolidated financial statements. On a consolidated basis, the asset-backed financing is treated as a secured borrowing in this type of transaction and is referred to as an on-balance sheet asset-backed financing.
In transactions where the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company must determine whether it can achieve a sale for accounting purposes under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. To achieve a sale for accounting purposes, the assets being transferred must be legally isolated, not be constrained by restrictions from further transfer, and be deemed to be beyond the Company’s control. If the Company does not meet all of these criteria for sale accounting, then the transaction is accounted for as a secured borrowing and is referred to as an on-balance sheet asset-backed financing.
If the Company meets all three of the sale criteria above, the transaction is recorded as a sale for accounting purposes and is referred to as an off-balance sheet asset-backed financing. Upon sale, the retail motorcycle finance receivables are removed from the Company’s Consolidated balance sheets and a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the cash proceeds received, the assets derecognized, and the liabilities recognized as part of the transaction. The gain or loss on sale is included in Financial Services revenue on the Consolidated statements of operations.
The Company is not required, and does not currently intend, to provide any additional financial support to the on- or off-balance sheet VIEs associated with these transactions. Investors and creditors in these transactions only have recourse to the assets held by the VIEs.
The assets and liabilities related to the on-balance sheet asset-backed financings included in the Consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):
September 25, 2022
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizations$3,003,578 $(150,672)$170,297 $8,274 $3,031,477 $2,405,406 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility540,751 (27,114)35,581 1,308 550,526 489,074 
Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility93,781 (3,874)6,162 168 96,237 82,154 
$3,638,110 $(181,660)$212,040 $9,750 $3,678,240 $2,976,634 
December 31, 2021
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizations$2,048,194 $(102,779)$123,717 $2,328 $2,071,460 $1,627,142 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility297,454 (14,898)20,567 654 303,777 272,589 
Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility97,180 (3,990)6,191 139 99,520 85,054 
$2,442,828 $(121,667)$150,475 $3,121 $2,474,757 $1,984,785 
September 26, 2021
Finance receivablesAllowance for credit lossesRestricted cashOther assetsTotal assetsAsset-backed debt, net
On-balance sheet assets and liabilities:
Consolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed securitizations$2,362,454 $(119,975)$148,177 $2,228 $2,392,884 $1,952,368 
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility264,226 (13,396)19,688 526 271,044 242,254 
Unconsolidated VIEs:
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility112,374 (4,729)7,408 157 115,210 98,310 
$2,739,054 $(138,100)$175,273 $2,911 $2,779,138 $2,292,932 
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Securitization VIEs – The Company transfers U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to SPEs which in turn issue secured notes to investors, with various maturities and interest rates, secured by future collections of the purchased U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables. Each on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization SPE is a separate legal entity, and the U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables included in the asset-backed securitizations are only available for payment of the secured debt and other obligations arising from the asset-backed securitization transactions and are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company’s creditors until the associated secured debt and other obligations are satisfied. Restricted cash balances held by the SPEs are used only to support the securitizations. There are no amortization schedules for the secured notes; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. The secured notes currently have various contractual maturities ranging from 2024 to 2030.
The Company is the primary beneficiary of its on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization VIEs because it retains servicing rights and a residual interest in the VIEs in the form of a debt security. As the servicer, the Company is the variable interest holder with the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. As a residual interest holder, the Company has the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits which could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Quarterly transfers of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to SPEs, the respective proceeds, and the respective proceeds, net of discounts and issuance costs were as follows (in millions):
20222021
TransfersProceedsProceeds, netTransfersProceedsProceeds, net
First quarter$— $— $— $663.1 $600.0 $597.4 
Second quarter2,176.4 1,836.3 1,826.9 — — — 
Third quarter— — $— 635.5 575.0 572.5 
$2,176.4 $1,836.3 $1,826.9 $1,298.6 $1,175.0 $1,169.9 
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed U.S. Commercial Paper Conduit Facility VIE – On September 23, 2022, the Company amended its $900.0 million revolving facility agreement (the U.S. Conduit Facility) with third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits, increasing the aggregate commitment to $1.5 billion. Under the revolving facility agreement, the Company may transfer U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE, which in turn may issue debt to those third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. In addition to the $1.5 billion aggregate commitment, the agreement allows for additional borrowings, at the lender’s discretion, of up to $300.0 million. Availability under the U.S. Conduit Facility is based on, among other things, the amount of eligible U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables held by the SPE as collateral.
Under the U.S. Conduit Facility, the assets of the SPE are restricted as collateral for the payment of the debt or other obligations arising in the transaction and are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company’s creditors. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing commercial paper rates if funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper. Subsequent to the amendment date, the interest rate on any borrowings, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, along with the current outstanding debt as of the date of the borrowings, is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Prior to the amendment date, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, the terms of the interest were based on LIBOR, with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates. In each of these cases, a program fee is assessed based on the outstanding debt principal balance. The U.S. Conduit Facility also provides for an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. When calculating the unused fee, the aggregate commitment does not include any unused portion of the $300.0 million additional borrowings allowed. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the U.S. Conduit Facility, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables held by the SPE is approximately 4 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement of the Company and the lenders, as of September 25, 2022, the U.S. Conduit Facility has an expiration date of November 18, 2022.
The Company is the primary beneficiary of its U.S. Conduit Facility VIE because it retains servicing rights and a residual interest in the VIE in the form of a debt security. As the servicer, the Company is the variable interest holder with the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. As a residual interest holder, the Company has the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits which could potentially be significant to the VIE.
There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility during the third quarter of 2022. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $420.8 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $362.8 million of debt under the U.S. Conduit Facility. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $47.1 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $41.3 million of debt under the U.S. Conduit Facility. There were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility during the nine months ended September 26, 2021.
On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Canadian Commercial Paper Conduit Facility – In June 2022, the Company renewed its facility agreement (Canadian Conduit) with a Canadian bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Under the agreement, the Canadian Conduit is contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$125.0 million. The transferred assets are restricted as collateral for the
payment of the associated debt. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing market interest rates plus a specified margin. The Canadian Conduit also provides for a program fee and an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment of C$125.0 million. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the Canadian Conduit, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables is approximately 5 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement between the Company and the lenders, as of September 25, 2022, the Canadian Conduit has an expiration date of June 30, 2023.
The Company is not the primary beneficiary of the Canadian bank-sponsored, multi-seller conduit VIE; therefore, the Company does not consolidate the VIE. However, the Company treats the conduit facility as a secured borrowing as it maintains effective control over the assets transferred to the VIE and, therefore, does not meet the requirements for sale accounting.
As the Company participates in and does not consolidate the Canadian bank-sponsored, multi-seller conduit VIE, the maximum exposure to loss associated with this VIE, which would only be incurred in the unlikely event that all the finance receivables and underlying collateral have no residual value, was $14.1 million at September 25, 2022. The maximum exposure is not an indication of the Company's expected loss exposure.
Quarterly transfers of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian Conduit and the respective proceeds were as follows (in millions):
20222021
TransfersProceedsTransfersProceeds
First quarter$25.3 $21.2 $— $— 
Second quarter— — — — 
Third quarter27.8 23.0 32.8 27.4 
$53.1 $44.2 $32.8 $27.4