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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(1) Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

        SkyWest, Inc. (the "Company"), through its subsidiaries, SkyWest Airlines, Inc. ("SkyWest Airlines") and ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. ("ExpressJet," which consists of the combined operations formerly conducted by Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc. ("Atlantic Southeast") and ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. ("ExpressJet Delaware") prior to the merger of ExpressJet Delaware with and into Atlantic Southeast on December 31, 2011 (the "ExpressJet Combination")) operates the largest regional airline in the United States. As of December 31, 2011, SkyWest and ExpressJet offered scheduled passenger and air freight service with approximately 4,000 total daily departures to different destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. Additionally, the Company provides ground handling services for other airlines throughout its system. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had a combined fleet of 732 aircraft consisting of the following:

 
  CRJ 200   ERJ 145   CRJ700   CRJ 900   EMB 120   Total  

Delta

    160         67     31     10     268  

United

    96     36     70         35     237  

Continental

        206                 206  

Alaska

            5             5  

US Airways

    2                     2  

Maintenance Spare

    8                     8  

Subleased to an un-affiliated entity

    2                     2  

Subleased to an affiliated entity

                4         4  
                           

Total

    268     242     142     35     45     732  

        For the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately 65.2% of the Company's aggregate capacity was operated under the United Express Agreements and Continental Express Agreement, approximately 33.6% was operated under the Delta Connection Agreements, approximately 0.9% was operated under the Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement, approximately 0.1% was operated under the US Airways Express Agreement and approximately 0.2% was operated under a code-share agreement with AirTran Airways, Inc. ("AirTran").

        SkyWest Airlines has been a code-share partner with Delta in Salt Lake City and United in Los Angeles since 1987 and 1997, respectively. In 1998, SkyWest Airlines expanded its relationship with United to provide service in Portland, Seattle/Tacoma, San Francisco and additional Los Angeles markets. In 2004, SkyWest Airlines expanded its United Express operations to provide service in Chicago. In May 2011, SkyWest Airlines entered into a capacity purchase agreement with Alaska. In addition during November 2011, SkyWest Airlines entered into a code-share agreement with US Airways. As of December 31, 2011, SkyWest Airlines operated as a Delta Connection carrier in Salt Lake City and Minneapolis, a United Express carrier in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Houston, Chicago and the Pacific Northwest, an Alaska carrier in Seattle/ Tacoma and Portland and an US Airways carrier in Phoenix.

        On November 17, 2011, Atlantic Southeast and ExpressJet Delaware completed their work with the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") to consolidate their operations under a single operating certificate. Atlantic Southeast was a code-share partner with Delta in Atlanta from 1984 through the date of the ExpressJet Combination and United from February 2010 through the date of the ExpressJet Combination. Upon the completion of the ExpressJet Combination on December 31, 2011, ExpressJet operated as a Delta Connection carrier in Atlanta and Cincinnati and a United Express carrier in Chicago (O'Hare), Washington, D.C. (Dulles International Airport), Cleveland, Newark and Houston.

Basis of Presentation

        The Company's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SkyWest, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, with all inter-company transactions and balances having been eliminated. References in the accompanying financial statements to "Atlantic Southeast" and "ExpressJet Delaware" refer to the operations conducted by Atlantic Southeast and ExpressJet Delaware, respectively, prior to the completion of the ExpressJet Combination on December 31, 2011.

        In preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has reviewed, as determined necessary by the Company's management, events that have occurred after December 31, 2011, up until the filing of the Company's annual report with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Reclassification

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the Company's December 31, 2010 and 2009 consolidated financial statements to conform to the presentation of the Company's December 31, 2011 consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company classified $19.4 million and $21.8 million of cash as restricted cash as required by the Company's workers' compensation policy and classified it accordingly in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Marketable Securities

        The Company's investments in marketable debt and equity securities are deemed by management to be available for sale and are reported at fair market value with the net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. At the time of sale, any realized appreciation or depreciation, calculated by the specific identification method, is recognized in other income and expense. The Company's position in marketable securities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was as follows (in thousands):

 
  2011   2010  
Investment Types
  Cost   Market Value   Cost   Market Value  

Commercial paper

    4,555   $ 4,557   $ 5,002   $ 4,998  

Bond and bond funds

    496,170     496,310     669,786     669,025  

Asset backed securities

    456     478     692     718  
                   

 

    501,181     501,345     675,480     674,741  

Unrealized appreciation (depreciation)

    164         (739 )    
                   

Total

    501,345     501,345     674,741     674,741  
                   

        Marketable securities had the following maturities as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

Maturities
  Amount  

Year 2012

  $ 202,454  

Years 2013 through 2016

    239,193  

Years 2017 through 2021

    1,509  

Thereafter

    58,189  

        As of December 31, 2011, the Company had classified $497.6 million of marketable securities as short-term since it has the intent to maintain a liquid portfolio and the ability to redeem the securities within one year. The Company has classified approximately $3.8 million of investments as non-current and has identified them as "Other assets" in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2011 (see Note 8).

Inventories

        Inventories include expendable parts, fuel and supplies and are valued at cost (FIFO basis) less an allowance for obsolescence based on historical results and management's expectations of future operations. Expendable inventory parts are charged to expense as used. An obsolescence allowance for flight equipment expendable parts is accrued based on estimated lives of the corresponding fleet types and salvage values. The inventory allowance as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $8.2 million and $7.5 million, respectively. These allowances are based on management estimates, which are subject to change.

Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their useful lives to their estimated residual values using the straight-line method as follows:

Assets
  Depreciable Life   Residual
Value
 

Aircraft and rotable spares

  10 - 18 years     0 - 30 %

Ground equipment

  5 - 10 years     0 %

Office equipment

  5 - 7 years     0 %

Leasehold improvements

  15 years or life of the lease     0 %

Buildings

  20 - 39.5 years     0 %

Impairment of Long Lived Assets

        As of December 31, 2011, the Company had approximately $2.9 billion of property and equipment and related assets. Additionally, as of December 31, 2011, the Company had approximately $19.5 million in intangible assets. In accounting for these long-lived and intangible assets, the Company makes estimates about the expected useful lives of the assets, the expected residual values of certain of these assets, and the potential for impairment based on the fair value of the assets and the cash flows they generate. On September 7, 2005, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Atlantic Southeast and recorded an intangible asset of approximately $33.7 million relating to the acquisition. The intangible asset is being amortized over fifteen years under the straight-line method. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had $14.3 million and $12.0 million in accumulated amortization expense, respectively. Factors indicating potential impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived assets, a significant change in the condition of the long-lived assets and operating cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived assets. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates whether impairment indicators are present. No impairments of long-lived assets were recognized during 2011, 2010, or 2009.

Capitalized Interest

        Interest is capitalized on aircraft purchase deposits as a portion of the cost of the asset and is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company capitalized interest costs of approximately $0, $5,000, and $843,000, respectively.

Maintenance

        The Company operates under an FAA-approved continuous inspection and maintenance program. The Company uses the direct expense method of accounting for its regional jet engine overhauls wherein the expense is recorded when the overhaul event occurs. The Company has an engine services agreement with a third party vendor to provide long-term engine services covering the scheduled and unscheduled repairs for certain of its Bombardier CRJ700 Regional Jet ("CRJ700s") and ERJ145 regional jet aircraft. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company pays a set dollar amount per engine hour flown on a monthly basis and the third party vendor will assume the responsibility to repair the engines at no additional cost to the Company, subject to certain specified exclusions. Maintenance costs under these contracts are recognized when the engine hour is flown pursuant to the terms of the contract. The Company uses the "deferral method" of accounting for its Brasilia Turboprop engine overhauls wherein the overhaul costs are capitalized and depreciated to the next estimated overhaul event. The costs of maintenance for airframe and avionics components, landing gear and normal recurring maintenance are expensed as incurred. For leased aircraft, the Company is subject to lease return provisions that require a minimum portion of the "life" of an overhaul be remaining on the engine at the lease return date. For Brasilia Turboprop engine overhauls related to leased aircraft to be returned, the Company adjusts the estimated useful lives of the final engine overhauls based on the shorter of the remaining useful life or the respective lease return dates.

Passenger and Ground Handling Revenues

        The Company recognizes passenger and ground handling revenues when the service is provided. Under the Company's contract and pro-rate flying agreements with Delta, United, Continental, US Airways, Alaska and AirTran, revenue is considered earned when the flight is completed. Revenue is recognized under the Company's pro-rate flying agreements based upon the portion of the pro-rate passenger fare the Company anticipates that it will receive.

Delta Connection Agreements

        SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are each parties to a Delta Connection Agreement with Delta, pursuant to which SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet provide contract flight services for Delta. The Delta Connection Agreements provide for fifteen-year terms, subject to early termination by Delta, SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet, as applicable, upon the occurrence of certain events. Delta's termination rights include (i) cross- termination rights between the two Delta Connection Agreements, (ii) the right to terminate each of the Delta Connection Agreements upon the occurrence of certain force majeure events, including certain labor-related events, that prevent SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet from performance for certain periods, and (iii) the right to terminate each of the Delta Connection Agreements if SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet fails to maintain competitive base rate costs, subject to certain adjustment rights. The SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreements contain multi-year rate reset provisions beginning in 2010 and each 5th year thereafter. In addition to the termination rights, Delta has the right to extend the term of the Delta Connection Agreements upon the occurrence of certain events or at the expiration of the initial term. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet have the right to terminate their respective Delta Connection Agreement upon the occurrence of certain breaches by Delta, including the failure to cure payment defaults. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet also have cross-termination rights between the two Delta Connection Agreements.

        Under the terms of the SkyWest Airlines Delta Connection Agreement, Delta has agreed to compensate SkyWest Airlines for the direct costs associated with operating the Delta Connection flights, plus a payment based on block hours flown. Under the terms of the ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreement, Delta has agreed to compensate ExpressJet for its direct costs associated with operating the Delta Connection flights, plus, if ExpressJet completes a certain minimum percentage of its Delta Connection flights, an additional percentage of such costs. Additionally, ExpressJet's Delta Connection Agreement provides for the payment of incentive compensation upon satisfaction of certain performance goals. The incentives are defined in the ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreement as being measured and determined on a monthly and quarterly basis. At the end of each quarter, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the quarter and recognizes revenue accordingly. The parties to the Delta Connection Agreements made customary representations, warranties and covenants, including with respect to various operational, marketing and administrative matters.

        In the event that the contractual rates under the Delta Connection Agreements have not been finalized at quarterly or annual financial statement dates, the Company records revenues based on the lower of prior period's approved rates, as adjusted to reflect any contract negotiations and the Company's estimate of rates that will be implemented in accordance with revenue recognition guidelines.

        The Delta Connection Agreements also provide that, beginning with the fifth anniversary of the execution of the agreements (September 8, 2010), Delta has the right to require that certain contractual rates under those agreements shall not exceed the second lowest of all carriers within the Delta Connection program. During the fourth quarter of 2010, SkyWest Airlines and Atlantic Southeast reached an agreement with Delta on contractual rates satisfying the 2010 rate reset provision and the second-lowest rate provision and agreed to rates through December 31, 2015. Delta additionally waived its right to require that the contractual rates payable under the Delta Connection Agreements shall not exceed the second-lowest rates of all carriers within the Delta Connection program through December 31, 2015.

        In the event the Company has a reimbursement dispute with a major partner, the Company evaluates the dispute under its established revenue recognition criteria and, provided the revenue recognition criteria have been met, the Company recognizes revenue based on management's estimate of the resolution of the dispute. During the quarter ended December 31, 2007, Delta notified the Company, SkyWest Airlines and Atlantic Southeast of a dispute under the Delta Connection Agreements executed by Delta with SkyWest Airlines and Atlantic Southeast. The dispute relates to allocation of liability for certain irregular operations ("IROP") expenses that are paid by SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet (formerly Atlantic Southeast) to their passengers under certain situations. As a result, Delta withheld a combined total of approximately $25 million (pre-tax) from one of the weekly scheduled wire payments to SkyWest Airlines and Atlantic Southeast during December 2007. Delta continues to withhold a portion of the funds the Company believes are payable as weekly scheduled wire payments to SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet (See Note 7 for additional details).

United Express Agreements

        SkyWest Airlines and United have entered into a United Express Agreement, which sets forth the principal terms and conditions governing SkyWest Airlines' United Express operations. Under the terms of the United Express Agreement, SkyWest Airlines is compensated primarily on a fee-per-completed-block hour and departure basis and is reimbursed for fuel and other costs. Additionally, SkyWest Airlines is eligible for incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in the United Express Agreement as being measured and determined on a monthly basis. At the end of each month, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the month and recognizes revenue accordingly.

        On February 10, 2010, Atlantic Southeast and United entered into a United Express Agreement, pursuant to which ExpressJet (formerly Atlantic Southeast) operates 14 CRJ200s as a United Express carrier. On February 11, 2010, Atlantic Southeast began operating as a United Express carrier. The United Express Agreement executed by Atlantic Southeast is a capacity purchase agreement with a five-year term, and other terms which are generally consistent with the SkyWest Airlines United Express Agreement.

        On December 1, 2009, ExpressJet Delaware and United also entered into a United Express Agreement, which sets forth the principal terms and conditions governing the United Express operations formerly conducted by ExpressJet Delaware. Under the terms of that United Express Agreement, to which ExpressJet became a party through the ExpressJet Combination, ExpressJet is compensated primarily on a fee-per-completed-block hour and departure basis and is reimbursed for fuel and other costs. Additionally, ExpressJet is eligible for incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in that ExpressJet United Express Agreement as being measured and determined on a monthly basis. At the end of each month, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the month and recognizes revenue accordingly.

Continental CPA

        Effective November 12, 2010, ExpressJet Delaware entered into the Continental CPA, whereby ExpressJet Delaware agreed to provide regional airline service in the Continental flight system. Under the terms of the Continental CPA, ExpressJet operates 206 aircraft in the Continental flight system and Continental has agreed to compensate ExpressJet on a monthly basis based on the block hours flown by ExpressJet and the weighted average number of aircraft operated by ExpressJet under the Continental CPA. Additionally, ExpressJet may earn incentive compensation for good operating performance, but is subject to financial penalties for poor operating performance. At the end of each month, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the month under the Continental CPA and recognizes revenue accordingly.

Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement

        SkyWest Airlines and Alaska have entered into an Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement, which sets forth the principal terms and conditions governing SkyWest Airlines' Alaska operations. Under the terms of the Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement, SkyWest Airlines is compensated primarily on a fee-per-completed-block hour and departure basis and is reimbursed for fuel and other costs. Additionally, SkyWest Airlines is eligible for incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in the Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement as being measured and determined on a monthly basis. At the end of each month, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the month and recognizes revenue accordingly.

US Airways Express Agreement

        SkyWest Airlines and US Airways have entered into a US Airways Express Agreement, which sets forth the principal terms and conditions governing SkyWest Airlines' US Airways Express operations. Under the terms of the US Airways Express Agreement, SkyWest Airlines is compensated primarily on a fee-per-completed-block hour and departure basis and is reimbursed for fuel and other costs. Additionally, SkyWest Airlines is eligible for incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in the US Airways Express Agreement as being measured and determined on a quarterly basis. At the end of each quarter, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during the quarter and recognizes revenue accordingly.

Other Revenue Items

        Under the Company's code-share agreements with Delta, United, Continental, Alaska, US Airways and Air-Tran, the Company earns revenue for an amount per aircraft designed to reimburse the Company for certain aircraft ownership costs. The Company has concluded that a component of its revenue under these agreements is rental income, inasmuch as the agreements identify the "right of use" of a specific type and number of aircraft over a stated period of time. The amounts deemed to be rental income under the agreements for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $521.3 million, $492.7 million and $490.1 million, respectively. These amounts were recorded as passenger revenue on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Under the SkyWest Inc. Delta Connection Agreement and the SkyWest Airlines United Express Agreement, the Company receives a reimbursement for direct costs associated with placing each additional aircraft into service. The reimbursement is applicable to incremental costs specific to placing each additional aircraft into service. The Company recognizes the revenue associated with these reimbursement payments once the aircraft is placed into service.

        The Company's passenger and ground handling revenues could be impacted by a number of factors, including changes to the Company's code-share agreements with Delta, United, Continental, Alaska, US Airways or AirTran, integration of ExpressJet's operations as contemplated by the ExpressJet Merger and the ExpressJet Combination, contract modifications resulting from contract re-negotiations, the Company's ability to earn incentive payments contemplated under the Company's code-share agreements and settlement of reimbursement disputes with the Company's major partners.

Deferred Aircraft Credits

        The Company accounts for incentives provided by aircraft manufacturers as deferred credits. The deferred credits related to leased aircraft are amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to rent expense over the lease term. Credits related to owned aircraft reduce the purchase price of the aircraft, which has the effect of amortizing the credits on a straight-line basis as a reduction in depreciation expense over the life of the related aircraft. The incentives are credits that may be used to purchase spare parts and pay for training and other expenses.

Income Taxes

        The Company recognizes a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

        Basic net income (loss) per common share ("Basic EPS") excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share ("Diluted EPS") reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume exercise or conversion of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income (loss) per common share. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, 4,323,000, 4,183,000 and 4,356,000 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options were excluded from the computation of Diluted EPS respectively, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

        The calculation of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for Basic EPS and Diluted EPS are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2011   2010   2009  

Numerator:

                   

Net Income (Loss)

  $ (27,335 ) $ 96,350   $ 83,658  

Denominator:

                   

Denominator for basic earnings per-share weighted average shares

    52,201     55,610     55,854  

Dilution due to stock options and restricted stock

        916     960  
               

Denominator for diluted earnings per-share weighted average shares

    52,201     56,526     56,814  

Basic earnings (loss) per-share

  $ (0.52 ) $ 1.73   $ 1.50  

Diluted earnings (loss) per-share

  $ (0.52 ) $ 1.70   $ 1.47  

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) includes charges and credits to stockholders' equity that are not the result of transactions with the Company's shareholders. Also, comprehensive income (loss) consisted of net income (loss) plus changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on marketable securities and unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustment related to the Company's equity investment in Trip Linhas Aereas ("Trip") and Mekong Aviation Joint Stock Company ("Air Mekong") (see note 8), net of tax, for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2011   2010   2009  

Net Income (Loss)

  $ (27,335 ) $ 96,350   $ 83,658  

Proportionate share of other companies foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax

    (295 )   637     972  

Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on marketable securities, net of tax

    534     (745 )   3,774  
               

Comprehensive income (loss)

  $ (27,096 ) $ 96,242   $ 88,404  
               

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

        The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and accounts payable approximate fair values because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Marketable securities are reported at fair value based on market quoted prices in the consolidated balance sheets. However, due to recent events in credit markets, the auction events for some of these instruments held by the Company failed during the year ended December 31, 2011. Therefore, quoted prices in active markets are no longer available and the Company has estimated the fair values of these securities utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis as of December 31, 2011. These analyses consider, among other items, the collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the expectation of the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is estimated based on current rates offered to the Company for similar debt and approximates $1,952.5 million as of December 31, 2011, as compared to the carrying amount of $1,815.4 million as of December 31, 2011. The Company's fair value of long-term debt as of December 31, 2010 was $1,926.6 million as compared to the carrying amount of $1,898.0 million as of December 31, 2010.

Segment Reporting

        Generally accepted accounting principles require disclosures related to components of a company for which separate financial information is available to and evaluated regularly by the company's chief operating decision maker when deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company's two operating segments consist of its two subsidiaries, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet. Information pertaining to the Company's reportable segments is presented in Note 3, Segment Reporting.

New Accounting Standards

Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements

        In May 2011, the FASB issued "Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs." The standard revises guidance for fair value measurement and expands the disclosure requirements. It is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Presentation of Comprehensive Income

        In June 2011, the FASB issued "Presentation of Comprehensive Income." The standard revises the presentation and prominence of the items reported in other comprehensive income. It is effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Company intends to adopt this standard for the quarter ending March 31, 2012. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.