N-CSRS

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-CSR

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
 
 

Investment Company Act File Number: 811-04519

T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202

(Address of principal executive offices)

David Oestreicher

100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202

(Name and address of agent for service)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 345-2000
 
 
Date of fiscal year end: December 31
 
 
Date of reporting period: June 30, 2018

Item 1. Report to Shareholders

Capital Appreciation Fund June 30, 2018

T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND

HIGHLIGHTS

■ The first half of 2018 produced below-average returns in large-cap U.S. equities and negative returns in many fixed income markets.

■ Your fund generated a 2.55% return relative to the S&P 500’s 2.65% return. Your fund outperformed the market on a risk-adjusted basis over this period, generating 96% of the market’s return while taking only 55% of the market’s risk.

■ In addition to generally taking down our risk-asset exposure in the portfolio, we have increased our exposure to utilities materially, increased our exposure to defensive growth companies, reduced our exposure to high yield bonds, and invested 6.7% of your fund in government bonds.

■ If U.S. economic growth decelerates as much as history would suggest, we have all the underpinnings of a pretty material slowdown in earnings growth in 2019. Combine that with the backdrop of a flattening Treasury yield curve and the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates, and the result is not necessarily a good backdrop for risk assets.

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Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance

Fellow Shareholders

After a very strong finish to 2017, the first half of 2018 produced below-average returns in large-cap U.S. equities and negative returns in many fixed income markets. To many market participants, the S&P 500 Index’s first-half return of 2.65% was somewhat disappointing given strong economic growth and stellar earnings growth for the S&P 500 during this period. In fact, S&P 500 earnings growth this year is expected to be in the high-teens and more than three times its long-term average. This stellar earnings growth is being driven by the benefits of tax reform, a stronger economy, higher oil prices, and accounting changes. In addition, the U.S. economy appears poised to grow real gross domestic product (GDP) by close to 3% this year, or a full point better than most economists expect over the coming decade.

So why were S&P 500 returns a little disappointing?

■ The market had high expectations coming into 2018 post tax reform, and some of this positive news was already captured in strong returns in the second half of 2017.

■ The dollar strengthened relative to both the euro and many emerging market currencies in 2018, which puts pressure on S&P 500 earnings. Coming into this year, currency exchange rates were poised to provide a modest benefit to S&P 500 earnings, but now exchange rates appear to be a nonevent and will likely be a headwind going into 2019.

■ While the U.S. economy appears poised for a year of above-trend growth in 2018 fueled by tax reform, economic growth in Europe has moderated. In addition, we have seen economic growth weaken in some emerging market economies, such as Argentina and China.

■ The Federal Reserve is raising interest rates, and all signs indicate that the U.S. economy is late in its economic cycle. Valuations or market multiples tend to compress late in an economic cycle or when the Federal Reserve is raising rates.

■ However, the most important reason why returns have been somewhat disappointing is that the market has begun to worry about deceleration. While S&P 500 earnings growth is likely to be very strong in 2018, it will most likely slow materially in 2019 and beyond. Tax reform will go from being a powerful tailwind to a modest headwind, the forward oil curve suggests oil prices are likely to fall over the next couple of years, exchange rates look to be a modest headwind in 2019, and revenues/earnings comparisons are likely to become much more difficult for companies next year.

Fixed income markets were mostly down in the first half of the year due to higher interest rates, and within the investment-grade market, spreads widened as companies’ leverage increased modestly due to heightened acquisition activity, higher capital spending, and continued strong capital returns to shareholders.

In these shareholder letters, we will often attempt to explain past stock market and asset class returns and explain how we are positioned. While this is important to discuss in these letters, our focus continues to be on the micro (company, credit, industry, sector) as that is where we believe we can add the most value and most differentiation. We believe we have uncovered 15 to 16 differentiated, exploitable inefficiencies in the equity and fixed income markets that serve as our alpha-generation engine, which we hold very close to the vest. We look at every investment and every potential investment through these market inefficiencies. This is the principal reason why our equities have outperformed the S&P 500 by 458 basis points, on average, over the last 12 years and why our fixed income investments have outperformed their index by 222 basis points, on average, over the last 12 years without experiencing a money-losing default. There are few inefficiencies we have found that give us an edge in predicting whether GDP will grow faster than market expectations or whether the euro will outperform the dollar. The only exploitable inefficiency we can point to is the fact that U.S. economic growth tends to be mean reverting over a 12-month period. Hence, the fact that U.S. GDP growth was over 4% in the second quarter of 2018 should not be extrapolated to mean U.S. GDP in 2019 will be strong as well.

As stewards of your capital, we focus our time and attention on meeting our three investment goals and put particular emphasis on minimizing the risk of loss of capital over a three-year period. Early on in an economic expansion or in the middle of a recession, risk assets are usually inexpensive and likely down from prior peaks, and thus the risk of loss over the subsequent three years is relatively low. As a result, we will generally have an above-average exposure to risk assets at this point in the cycle, as we did for most of 2008–2013. As we get later in a cycle (which is usually characterized by low unemployment, strong auto sales, the Federal Reserve raising rates, etc.), the risk of a downturn in both the economy and stock market tends to rise. Once earnings peak and the economy goes into recession, it usually takes three to four years before earnings get back to that prior peak level again. Predicting when or why the economy will go into a recession is a fool’s errand. Instead, imagine holding four cards: on one card there is a 5% return, on another there is a 10% return, on a third card is a 15% return, and on the last card is a -20% to -30% return. The average or expected return is probably very low-single digits, or maybe even negative, but you have no idea which card is going to be played. During these late-cycle periods, we reduce our risk assets and alter our allocation to investments that can do OK in late-cycle environments and perform well if that -20% to -30% return card is played. That is why we have purchased Treasuries, why we own utilities, and why we are underweight high-beta and high-risk equities. That strategy may look bad in any one year or quarter if the negative-return card fails to materialize, but from a process standpoint, it is absolutely the right decision for our clients.

Before we discuss fund performance, I would like to review the three goals of the Capital Appreciation Fund:

(1) Generate strong risk-adjusted returns annually

(2) Preserve shareholder capital over the intermediate term (i.e., three years)

(3) Generate equity-like returns with less risk than that of the overall market over a full market cycle (i.e., normally five years)

We are pleased to report that the Capital Appreciation Fund generated solid absolute and risk-adjusted returns in the first half of 2018. Your fund generated a 2.55% return relative to the S&P 500’s 2.65% return. (The performance of the Advisor and I Class shares will vary due to their different fee structures.) Your fund outperformed the market on a risk-adjusted basis over this period, generating 96% of the market’s return while taking only 55% of the market’s risk. We arrived at this risk number by comparing the standard deviation of the S&P 500 (16.38) with that of the fund (8.96) for the six-month period. Standard deviation indicates the volatility of a portfolio’s total return as measured against its mean performance. In general, the higher the standard deviation, the greater the volatility or risk.

Using a more academic measure of the fund’s risk-adjusted return, your fund produced a Sharpe ratio of 0.20 versus 0.11 for the S&P 500. The Sharpe ratio measures how much a portfolio’s return is above or below the risk-free Treasury rate (excess return) per unit of risk (measured by standard deviation). In general, the larger the number, the better the portfolio’s historical risk-adjusted return.

As for our second goal—capital preservation over the intermediate term—your fund generated a 30.15% cumulative return over the last three years. Capital preservation has been a relatively simple goal to achieve given how strong equity market returns have been over this time period.

As for our final goal—equity-like returns with less risk than the market over a full market cycle—your fund generated a 68.26% cumulative return over the last five years versus 87.70% for the S&P 500. Based on annualized returns of 10.97% for your fund versus 13.42% for the S&P 500, your fund generated 82% of the market’s return over the last five years while taking on 61% of the market’s risk. While market and economic cycles have historically lasted around five years, on average, we also tend to think about a full market cycle encompassing at least one ugly return year. As your fund is not a pure equity fund, it would be very difficult to match the equity market returns over any period in which we did not have at least one equity market correction. Hence, if we were to extend the analysis to encompass 2008 and measure the last 10½ years of fund performance, we would have accomplished this last goal by delivering 106% of the market’s return over this period while taking on only 69% of the market’s risk.

In addition, in the first half of 2018, our equities outperformed the S&P 500 by 210 basis points (4.75% versus 2.65%) and our fixed income investments outperformed the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index by 42 basis points (-1.20% versus -1.62%). Over the last 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods, our equities have outperformed the S&P 500 by an average of 281 basis points, 412 basis points, and 477 basis points, respectively, per year.

For the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods ended June 30, 2018, we outperformed our Lipper and Morningstar peers over every period. However, let me reiterate that we do not manage your fund to beat these benchmarks. The Capital Appreciation Fund has very different objectives than most of its benchmark peers. It is a unique fund with a clear focus on strong risk-adjusted returns, intermediate-term capital preservation, and long-term capital appreciation that does not neatly fit into any current benchmark. (Based on cumulative total return, the Capital Appreciation Fund ranked 206 of 498, 7 of 447, 6 of 415, and 1 of 307 funds in the Lipper mixed-asset target allocation growth funds universe for the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Results may vary for other periods. Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)

Within the equity portion of the portfolio, the information technology sector generated very strong relative and absolute returns. While we were modestly underweight the technology sector, strong stock selection more than made up for this underweight. Stocks such as Intuit, Visa, Fiserv, and Fidelity National Information were all strong performers in the first half of the year. Interestingly, these were all stocks that your portfolio management team increased our position sizes in during the second half of 2017 as potential beneficiaries of U.S. tax reform. In addition to the benefits from tax reform, underlying fundamentals at all four of these firms accelerated in the first half of the year. (Please refer to the fund’s portfolio of investments for a complete list of holdings and the amount each represents in the portfolio.)

In the past, we have frequently highlighted the health care sector as the biggest alpha generator in the portfolio. Unfortunately, in the first half of 2018, health care was only the second-best alpha generator behind information technology. Becton, Dickinson & Company performed well with the stock rising almost 13% in the first half of the year. Its acquisition of C.R. Bard is going very well, and its organic growth is expected to accelerate further in the second half of the year. Becton, Dickinson & Company is a great example of what we look for in an equity investment with consistent organic growth, high-single-digit to low-double-digit earnings-per-share (EPS) growth, strong free cash flow conversion, limited cyclicality, and great capital allocation. Our investment in Danaher also outperformed the market as Danaher’s organic growth accelerated due to strong end markets, improved operational execution, and very strong financial results from recent acquisitions. UnitedHealth Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Abbott Laboratories also outperformed the market as well.

While our equity investments within the consumer discretionary sector were positive, those investments did detract from relative returns. The largest negative contributor was Aramark, which declined 13% in the first half. While Aramark’s earnings were fine, its organic growth was modestly below investor expectations, and management expectations for internal growth were more second-half weighted. Aramark is an interesting example of a company in which the market tends to focus way too much on items that don’t really matter that much in the end. While organic growth can be lumpy from quarter to quarter and impacted by transitory events—such as whether a sports team is in the playoffs or not or the timing of the ramp-up for a new business win—in the end, these transitory items don’t matter from a present value of future cash flows perspective. What matters here is that Aramark has limited cyclicality, low secular risk, increasingly strong free cash flow conversion, and margin expansion potential. It should be able to generate double-digit earnings growth for the foreseeable future, and it now trades at a discount to the market. We have been surprised at how much this stock has derated relative to the market over the last year despite strong earnings and, more importantly, strong free cash flow generation. Over the next two to three years, we would hope that the valuation multiple would expand as management delivers on solid, sustainable double-digit earnings growth.

I would be remiss in not mentioning the strong contribution to performance from our investment in Dr Pepper Snapple. While we don’t talk about many of the 15 to 16 market inefficiencies we are trying to exploit, we have repeatedly spoken about the value of investing in potential acquisition targets. Dr Pepper Snapple was always viewed as a potential target in a consolidating food and beverage sector with an older management team. Luckily, in the first half of 2018, Dr Pepper Snapple agreed to merge with JAB/Keurig in a mostly cash transaction for a large premium to where it was trading prior to the merger. Dr Pepper Snapple alone contributed 36.5% of our equity alpha generation in the first half of 2018.

Our fixed income investments outperformed the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. Our fixed income securities declined 1.20% versus a decline of 1.62% for the index. Our high-quality, noninvestment-grade bonds performed well. As we mentioned in the last letter, we started adding to longer-duration Treasuries at the beginning of 2018, as we finally saw an attractive risk/reward situation materializing with U.S. government bonds. Unfortunately, interest rates continued to increase following our purchases, and our Treasury investments posted modest losses. Our total fixed income allocation stayed relatively consistent with year-end levels at around 23% of the portfolio. Our allocation to high yield and investment-grade bonds declined, and our investment in government bonds increased.

Your fund has employed a covered call overwriting strategy consistently since 2008. This involves buying an equity security and writing a call option that becomes exercisable at a higher price in return for an upfront premium. In the first half of 2018, our covered call program generated 133% of the market’s return while taking on only 55% of the market’s risk. While the underlying derivatives detracted from performance in the last six months, the underlying equities were material positive contributors to performance and the combined portfolio of equities and the calls written against them produced good absolute and risk-adjusted returns.

PORTFOLIO STRATEGY AND OUTLOOK

The year 2018 is likely to go down as one of the strongest years for earnings growth in a long time with just about everything going right. Tax reform will directly drive 6%–7% EPS growth this year due to lower taxes and probably another 2%+ indirectly from stronger economic growth. Higher oil prices will drive another 2%–3% growth. When you add to that the normal 7%–8% growth (non-recession average EPS growth), you can understand the building blocks of why earnings growth this year is so strong. As we noted earlier, the stock market did a very good job in the second half of last year of appreciating those strong dynamics. The real focus of the market is slowly but surely turning to 2019, in which the tax reform benefit will likely turn into a slight headwind, exchange rates are poised to be a slight headwind, organic revenue growth should decelerate against tough comps, and oil prices are more likely to be a headwind to growth than a tailwind as well. Furthermore, if U.S. economic growth decelerates as much as history would suggest, we have all the underpinnings of a pretty material slowdown in earnings growth in 2019. Combine that with the backdrop of a flattening Treasury yield curve and the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates, and the result is not necessarily a good backdrop for risk assets.

This less positive backdrop combined with tight high yield and leveraged loan spreads, the challenge of finding investment opportunities in which we are highly confident of generating positive returns over a three-year period if that -20% to -30% card is unexpectedly played, and higher-than-average valuations for equities are the principal reasons we are more defensively positioned.

In addition to generally taking down our risk-asset exposure in the portfolio, we have done the following:

■ Increased our exposure to utilities materially. We have gone from a slight underweight in utilities late last year to making utilities our largest overweight in the portfolio. Utilities derated as interest rates rose, and as valuations became compelling earlier this year, we used that opportunity to add aggressively. We believe utilities are the safest, most defensive sector in the S&P 500, and we believe many of the names that we own have the potential to grow earnings between 5% and 7% per year while offering dividend yields above 3% with limited economic risk.

■ Increased our exposure to defensive growth companies. We have added to or initiated new positions in names such as Waste Connections, Aramark, McDonald’s, and American Tower, which not only tend to generate strong earnings growth relative to the market and pay reasonable dividends but also tend to be defensive during periods of market stress.

■ Reduced our exposure to high yield from 11.2% to 8.5% of the portfolio as many of our short-duration bonds were called or matured, and we did not add many new credits with the exception of a few idiosyncratic credit opportunities.

■ Invested 6.7% of your fund in government bonds (issued by the U.S. and KFW, which has explicit German government guarantees), which have reasonable yields but should be very defensive if the market were to correct and offer the potential to partially offset equity market losses.

As we did in the first half of 2018, we will try to continue generating strong risk-adjusted returns going forward, while at the same time being mindful that we are not early in the cycle and position your fund for material outperformance if equity markets and risk assets decline in the future.

IN CLOSING

We would like to thank all the analysts, associate analysts, quantitative analysts, and all the members of our team (Mike Signore, Chen Tian) for their assistance in 2018. The long-term success and exceptional risk-adjusted returns of the strategy are truly a team effort.

As mentioned in the last shareholder letter, Steven Krichbaum, my associate portfolio manager for the last five years, took on a new, noninvestment role within the firm. During the first half of this year, Adam Poussard replaced Steven as associate portfolio manager for the Capital Appreciation Strategy. Adam has been with T. Rowe Price for the last eight years and had an excellent track record as a health care analyst. We are excited to have Adam join our team.

Respectfully submitted,

David R. Giroux
Chairman of the fund’s Investment Advisory Committee

Adam Poussard
Associate portfolio manager

August 1, 2018

The committee chairman has day-to-day responsibility for managing the portfolio and works with committee members in developing and executing the fund’s investment program.

The views expressed reflect the opinions of T. Rowe Price as of the date of this report and are subject to change based on changes in market, economic, or other conditions. These views are not intended to be a forecast of future events and are no guarantee of future results.

RISKS OF INVESTING

As with all stock and bond mutual funds, the fund’s share price can fall because of weakness in the stock or bond markets, a particular industry, or specific holdings. Stock markets can decline for many reasons, including adverse political or economic developments, changes in investor psychology, or heavy institutional selling. The prospects for an industry or company may deteriorate because of a variety of factors, including disappointing earnings or changes in the competitive environment. In addition, the investment manager’s assessment of companies held in a fund may prove incorrect, resulting in losses or poor performance even in rising markets. A sizable cash or fixed income position may hinder the fund from participating fully in a strong, rapidly rising bull market. In addition, significant exposure to bonds increases the risk that the fund’s share value could be hurt by rising interest rates or credit downgrades or defaults. Convertible securities are also exposed to price fluctuations of the company’s stock.

GLOSSARY

Beta: A measure of the market risk of a stock showing how responsive it is to a given market index, such as the S&P 500 Stock Index. By definition, the beta of the benchmark index is 1.00. A fund with a 1.10 beta is expected to perform 10% better than the index in up markets and 10% worse in down markets. Usually, higher betas represent riskier investments.

Gross domestic product: The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year.

Lipper indexes: Fund benchmarks that consist of a small number of the largest mutual funds in a particular category as tracked by Lipper Inc.

Morningstar Allocation–50% to 70% Equity Category Average: Tracks the performance of funds that seek capital appreciation and income by investing in multiple asset classes, including stocks, bonds, and cash. Equity exposures range from 50% to 70%.

Sharpe ratio: A measure of the risk-adjusted return of a portfolio. The Sharpe ratio measures how much a portfolio’s return is above or below the risk-free Treasury rate (excess return) per unit risk (measured by standard deviation). In general, the larger the number, the better the portfolio’s historical risk-adjusted return.

S&P 500 Index: An unmanaged index that tracks the stocks of 500 primarily large-cap U.S. companies.

Standard deviation: A measure of risk that indicates the volatility of a portfolio’s total returns as measured against its mean performance. In general, the higher the standard deviation, the greater the volatility or risk.

Yield curve: A graphic depiction of the relationship between yields and maturity dates for a set of similar securities. A security with a longer maturity usually has a higher yield. If a short-term security offers a higher yield, then the curve is said to be “inverted.” If short- and long-term bonds are offering equivalent yields, then the curve is said to be “flat.”

GROWTH OF $10,000

This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.

AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN

EXPENSE RATIO

FUND EXPENSE EXAMPLE

As a mutual fund shareholder, you may incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and service (12b-1) fees, and other fund expenses. The following example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the fund and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the most recent six-month period and held for the entire period.

Please note that the fund has three share classes: The original share class (Investor Class) charges no distribution and service (12b-1) fee, the Advisor Class shares are offered only through unaffiliated brokers and other financial intermediaries and charge a 0.25% 12b-1 fee, and I Class shares are available to institutionally oriented clients and impose no 12b-1 or administrative fee payment. Each share class is presented separately in the table.

Actual Expenses
The first line of the following table (Actual) provides information about actual account values and expenses based on the fund’s actual returns. You may use the information on this line, together with your account balance, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number on the first line under the heading “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.

Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes
The information on the second line of the table (Hypothetical) is based on hypothetical account values and expenses derived from the fund’s actual expense ratio and an assumed 5% per year rate of return before expenses (not the fund’s actual return). You may compare the ongoing costs of investing in the fund with other funds by contrasting this 5% hypothetical example and the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period.

Note: T. Rowe Price charges an annual account service fee of $20, generally for accounts with less than $10,000. The fee is waived for any investor whose T. Rowe Price mutual fund accounts total $50,000 or more; accounts electing to receive electronic delivery of account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and shareholder reports; or accounts of an investor who is a T. Rowe Price Personal Services or Enhanced Personal Services client (enrollment in these programs generally requires T. Rowe Price assets of at least $250,000). This fee is not included in the accompanying table. If you are subject to the fee, keep it in mind when you are estimating the ongoing expenses of investing in the fund and when comparing the expenses of this fund with other funds.

You should also be aware that the expenses shown in the table highlight only your ongoing costs and do not reflect any transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads. Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs only and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds. To the extent a fund charges transaction costs, however, the total cost of owning that fund is higher.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Unaudited

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund, Inc. (the fund) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in common stocks. It may also hold fixed-income and other securities to help preserve principal value. The fund has three classes of shares: the Capital Appreciation Fund (Investor Class), the Capital Appreciation Fund–Advisor Class (Advisor Class), and the Capital Appreciation Fund–I Class (I Class). Advisor Class shares are sold only through unaffiliated brokers and other unaffiliated financial intermediaries. I Class shares generally are available only to investors meeting a $1,000,000 minimum investment or certain other criteria. The Advisor Class operates under a Board-approved Rule 12b-1 plan pursuant to which the class compensates financial intermediaries for distribution, shareholder servicing, and/or certain administrative services; the Investor and I Classes do not pay Rule 12b-1 fees. Each class has exclusive voting rights on matters related solely to that class; separate voting rights on matters that relate to all classes; and, in all other respects, the same rights and obligations as the other classes.

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Preparation The fund is an investment company and follows accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946 (ASC 946). The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. GAAP requires the use of estimates made by management. Management believes that estimates and valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the valuations reflected in the accompanying financial statements may differ from the value ultimately realized upon sale or maturity.

Investment Transactions, Investment Income, and Distributions Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date basis. Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis. Realized gains and losses are reported on the identified cost basis. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized for financial reporting purposes. Paydown gains and losses are recorded as an adjustment to interest income. Dividends received from mutual fund investments are reflected as dividend income; capital gain distributions are reflected as realized gain/loss. Earnings on investments recognized as partnerships for federal income tax purposes reflect the tax character of such earnings. Dividend income and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income tax-related interest and penalties, if incurred, are recorded as income tax expense. Distributions from REITs are initially recorded as dividend income and, to the extent such represent a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes, are reclassified when such information becomes available. Income distributions are declared and paid by each class annually. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. A capital gain distribution may also be declared and paid by the fund annually.

Currency Translation Assets, including investments, and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar values each day at the prevailing exchange rate, using the mean of the bid and asked prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars as quoted by a major bank. Purchases and sales of securities, income, and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the respective date of such transaction. The portion of the results of operations attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates on investments is not bifurcated from the portion attributable to changes in market prices. The effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on realized and unrealized security gains and losses is reflected as a component of security gains and losses.

Class Accounting Shareholder servicing, prospectus, and shareholder report expenses incurred by each class are charged directly to the class to which they relate. Expenses common to all classes, investment income, and realized and unrealized gains and losses are allocated to the classes based upon the relative daily net assets of each class. To the extent any expenses are waived or reimbursed in accordance with an expense limitation (see Note 6), the waiver or reimbursement is charged to the applicable class or allocated across the classes in the same manner as the related expense. The Advisor Class pays Rule 12b-1 fees, in an amount not exceeding 0.25% of the class’s average daily net assets.

New Accounting Guidance In March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance to shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Adoption will have no effect on the fund’s net assets or results of operations.

Indemnification In the normal course of business, the fund may provide indemnification in connection with its officers and directors, service providers, and/or private company investments. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, the risk of material loss is currently considered to be remote.

NOTE 2 - VALUATION

The fund’s financial instruments are valued and each class’s net asset value (NAV) per share is computed at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day the NYSE is open for business. However, the NAV per share may be calculated at a time other than the normal close of the NYSE if trading on the NYSE is restricted, if the NYSE closes earlier, or as may be permitted by the SEC.

Fair Value The fund’s financial instruments are reported at fair value, which GAAP defines as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee (the Valuation Committee) is an internal committee that has been delegated certain responsibilities by the fund’s Board of Directors (the Board) to ensure that financial instruments are appropriately priced at fair value in accordance with GAAP and the 1940 Act. Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee develops and oversees pricing-related policies and procedures and approves all fair value determinations. Specifically, the Valuation Committee establishes procedures to value securities; determines pricing techniques, sources, and persons eligible to effect fair value pricing actions; oversees the selection, services, and performance of pricing vendors; oversees valuation-related business continuity practices; and provides guidance on internal controls and valuation-related matters. The Valuation Committee reports to the Board and has representation from legal, portfolio management and trading, operations, risk management, and the fund’s treasurer.

Various valuation techniques and inputs are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. GAAP establishes the following fair value hierarchy that categorizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments that the fund can access at the reporting date

Level 2 – inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in inactive markets, interest rates and yield curves, implied volatilities, and credit spreads)

Level 3 – unobservable inputs

Observable inputs are developed using market data, such as publicly available information about actual events or transactions, and reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. Unobservable inputs are those for which market data are not available and are developed using the best information available about the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. GAAP requires valuation techniques to maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When multiple inputs are used to derive fair value, the financial instrument is assigned to the level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value of the financial instrument. Input levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with financial instruments at that level but rather the degree of judgment used in determining those values.

Valuation Techniques Equity securities listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) market are valued at the last quoted sale price or, for certain markets, the official closing price at the time the valuations are made. OTC Bulletin Board securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices for domestic securities and the last quoted sale or closing price for international securities.

For valuation purposes, the last quoted prices of non-U.S. equity securities may be adjusted to reflect the fair value of such securities at the close of the NYSE. If the fund determines that developments between the close of a foreign market and the close of the NYSE will affect the value of some or all of its portfolio securities, the fund will adjust the previous quoted prices to reflect what it believes to be the fair value of the securities as of the close of the NYSE. In deciding whether it is necessary to adjust quoted prices to reflect fair value, the fund reviews a variety of factors, including developments in foreign markets, the performance of U.S. securities markets, and the performance of instruments trading in U.S. markets that represent foreign securities and baskets of foreign securities. The fund may also fair value securities in other situations, such as when a particular foreign market is closed but the fund is open. The fund uses outside pricing services to provide it with quoted prices and information to evaluate or adjust those prices. The fund cannot predict how often it will use quoted prices and how often it will determine it necessary to adjust those prices to reflect fair value. As a means of evaluating its security valuation process, the fund routinely compares quoted prices, the next day’s opening prices in the same markets, and adjusted prices.

Actively traded equity securities listed on a domestic exchange generally are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Non-U.S. equity securities generally are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy despite the availability of quoted prices because, as described above, the fund evaluates and determines whether those quoted prices reflect fair value at the close of the NYSE or require adjustment. OTC Bulletin Board securities, certain preferred securities, and equity securities traded in inactive markets generally are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Debt securities generally are traded in the OTC market and are valued at prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service, which considers the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities. Generally, debt securities are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; however, to the extent the valuations include significant unobservable inputs, the securities would be categorized in Level 3.

Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing NAV per share on the day of valuation and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Listed options, and OTC options with a listed equivalent, are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices and generally are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities other than financial instruments, including short-term receivables and payables, are carried at cost, or estimated realizable value, if less, which approximates fair value.

Thinly traded financial instruments and those for which the above valuation procedures are inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value are stated at fair value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee. The objective of any fair value pricing determination is to arrive at a price that could reasonably be expected from a current sale. Financial instruments fair valued by the Valuation Committee are primarily private placements, restricted securities, warrants, rights, and other securities that are not publicly traded.

Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee regularly makes good faith judgments to establish and adjust the fair valuations of certain securities as events occur and circumstances warrant. For instance, in determining the fair value of an equity investment with limited market activity, such as a private placement or a thinly traded public company stock, the Valuation Committee considers a variety of factors, which may include, but are not limited to, the issuer’s business prospects, its financial standing and performance, recent investment transactions in the issuer, new rounds of financing, negotiated transactions of significant size between other investors in the company, relevant market valuations of peer companies, strategic events affecting the company, market liquidity for the issuer, and general economic conditions and events. In consultation with the investment and pricing teams, the Valuation Committee will determine an appropriate valuation technique based on available information, which may include both observable and unobservable inputs. The Valuation Committee typically will afford greatest weight to actual prices in arm’s length transactions, to the extent they represent orderly transactions between market participants, transaction information can be reliably obtained, and prices are deemed representative of fair value. However, the Valuation Committee may also consider other valuation methods such as market-based valuation multiples; a discount or premium from market value of a similar, freely traded security of the same issuer; or some combination. Fair value determinations are reviewed on a regular basis and updated as information becomes available, including actual purchase and sale transactions of the issue. Because any fair value determination involves a significant amount of judgment, there is a degree of subjectivity inherent in such pricing decisions, and fair value prices determined by the Valuation Committee could differ from those of other market participants. Depending on the relative significance of unobservable inputs, including the valuation technique(s) used, fair valued securities may be categorized in Level 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Valuation Inputs The following table summarizes the fund’s financial instruments, based on the inputs used to determine their fair values on June 30, 2018 (for further detail by category, please refer to the accompanying Portfolio of Investments):

There were no material transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Following is a reconciliation of the fund’s Level 3 holdings for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gain (loss) reflects both realized and change in unrealized gain/loss on Level 3 holdings during the period, if any, and is included on the accompanying Statement of Operations. The change in unrealized gain/loss on Level 3 instruments held at June 30, 2018, totaled $2,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

NOTE 3 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the fund invested in derivative instruments. As defined by GAAP, a derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying security price, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, index of prices or rates, or other variable; it requires little or no initial investment and permits or requires net settlement. The fund invests in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards are consistent with its investment objectives, policies, and overall risk profile, as described in its prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. The fund may use derivatives for a variety of purposes, such as seeking to hedge against declines in principal value, increase yield, invest in an asset with greater efficiency and at a lower cost than is possible through direct investment, or to adjust credit exposure. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. The fund at all times maintains sufficient cash reserves, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover its settlement obligations under open derivative contracts.

The fund values its derivatives at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value currently in its results of operations. Accordingly, the fund does not follow hedge accounting, even for derivatives employed as economic hedges. Generally, the fund accounts for its derivatives on a gross basis. It does not offset the fair value of derivative liabilities against the fair value of derivative assets on its financial statements, nor does it offset the fair value of derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or obligation to return collateral. As of June 30, 2018, the fund held equity derivatives with a fair value of $142,934,000, included in written options, on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

Additionally, the amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments recognized in fund earnings during the six months ended June 30, 2018, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Operations is summarized in the following table by primary underlying risk exposure:

Counterparty Risk and Collateral The fund invests in derivatives, such as bilateral swaps, forward currency exchange contracts, or OTC options, that are transacted and settle directly with a counterparty (bilateral derivatives), and thereby expose the fund to counterparty risk. To mitigate this risk, the fund has entered into master netting arrangements (MNAs) with certain counterparties that permit net settlement under specified conditions and, for certain counterparties, also require the exchange of collateral to cover mark-to-market exposure. MNAs may be in the form of International Swaps and Derivatives Association master agreements (ISDAs) or foreign exchange letter agreements (FX letters).

MNAs govern the ability to offset amounts the fund owes a counterparty against amounts the counterparty owes the fund (net settlement). Both ISDAs and FX letters generally allow termination of transactions and net settlement upon the occurrence of contractually specified events, such as failure to pay or bankruptcy. In addition, ISDAs specify other events, the occurrence of which would allow one of the parties to terminate. For example, a downgrade in credit rating of a counterparty would allow the fund to terminate, while a decline in the fund’s net assets of more than a specified percentage would allow the counterparty to terminate. Upon termination, all transactions with that counterparty would be liquidated and a net termination amount determined. ISDAs include collateral agreements whereas FX letters do not. Collateral requirements are determined daily based on the net aggregate unrealized gain or loss on all bilateral derivatives with each counterparty, subject to minimum transfer amounts that typically range from $100,000 to $250,000. Any additional collateral required due to changes in security values is typically transferred the same business day.

Collateral may be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. government or related agencies. Cash posted by the fund is reflected as cash deposits in the accompanying financial statements and generally is restricted from withdrawal by the fund; securities posted by the fund are so noted in the accompanying Portfolio of Investments; both remain in the fund’s assets. Collateral pledged by counterparties is not included in the fund’s assets because the fund does not obtain effective control over those assets. For bilateral derivatives, collateral posted by the fund is held in a segregated account at the fund’s custodian. While typically not sold in the same manner as equity or fixed income securities, exchange-traded or centrally cleared derivatives may be closed out only on the exchange or clearinghouse where the contracts were traded, and OTC and bilateral derivatives may be unwound with counterparties or transactions assigned to other counterparties to allow the fund to exit the transaction. This ability is subject to the liquidity of underlying positions. As of June 30, 2018, securities valued at $2,388,078,000 had been posted by the fund to counterparties for bilateral derivatives. As of June 30, 2018, collateral pledged by counterparties to the fund for bilateral derivatives consisted of $200,000 cash.

Options The fund is subject to equity price risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses options to help manage such risk. The fund may use options to manage exposure to security prices, interest rates, foreign currencies, and credit quality; as an efficient means of adjusting exposure to all or a part of a target market; to enhance income; as a cash management tool; or to adjust credit exposure. Options are included in net assets at fair value, options purchased are included in Investments in Securities, and Options written are separately reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Premiums on unexercised, expired options are recorded as realized gains or losses; premiums on exercised options are recorded as an adjustment to the proceeds from the sale or cost of the purchase. The difference between the premium and the amount received or paid in a closing transaction is also treated as realized gain or loss. In return for a premium paid, call and put options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell, respectively, a security at a specified exercise price. Risks related to the use of options include possible illiquidity of the options markets; trading restrictions imposed by an exchange or counterparty; movements in the underlying asset values and, for Options written, potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the volume of the fund’s activity in options, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 8% and 9% of net assets.

NOTE 4 - OTHER INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS

Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks and/or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.

Noninvestment-Grade Debt At June 30, 2018, approximately 10% of the fund’s net assets were invested, either directly or through its investment in T. Rowe Price institutional funds, in noninvestment-grade debt including “high yield” or “junk” bonds or leveraged loans. The noninvestment-grade debt market may experience sudden and sharp price swings due to a variety of factors, including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, a high-profile default, or a change in market sentiment. These events may decrease the ability of issuers to make principal and interest payments and adversely affect the liquidity or value, or both, of such securities. Investments in noninvestment-grade holdings may be considered speculative.

Restricted Securities The fund may invest in securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Prompt sale of such securities at an acceptable price may be difficult and may involve substantial delays and additional costs.

Bank Loans The fund may invest in bank loans, which represent an interest in amounts owed by a borrower to a syndicate of lenders. Bank loans are generally noninvestment grade and often involve borrowers whose financial condition is highly leveraged. Bank loans may be in the form of either assignments or participations. A loan assignment transfers all legal, beneficial, and economic rights to the buyer, and transfer typically requires consent of both the borrower and agent. In contrast, a loan participation generally entitles the buyer to receive the cash flows from principal, interest, and any fee payments on a portion of a loan; however, the seller continues to hold legal title to that portion of the loan. As a result, the buyer of a loan participation generally has no direct recourse against the borrower and is exposed to credit risk of both the borrower and seller of the participation. Bank loans often have extended settlement periods, generally may be repaid at any time at the option of the borrower, and may require additional principal to be funded at the borrowers’ discretion at a later date (e.g. unfunded commitments and revolving debt instruments). Until settlement, the fund maintains liquid assets sufficient to settle its unfunded loan commitments. The fund reflects both the funded portion of a bank loan as well as its unfunded commitment in the Portfolio of Investments. However, if a credit agreement provides no initial funding of a tranche and funding of the full commitment at a future date(s) is at the borrower’s discretion and considered uncertain, a loan is reflected in the Portfolio of Investments only if, and only to the extent that, the fund has actually settled a funding commitment.

Other Purchases and sales of portfolio securities other than short-term securities aggregated $12,531,616,000 and $10,938,380,000 respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

NOTE 5 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

No provision for federal income taxes is required since the fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Distributions determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations may differ in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes. Financial reporting records are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character but are not adjusted for temporary differences. The amount and character of tax-basis distributions and composition of net assets are finalized at fiscal year-end; accordingly, tax-basis balances have not been determined as of the date of this report.

At June 30, 2018, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was $24,818,697,000. Net unrealized gain aggregated $5,124,347,000 at period-end, of which $5,425,703,000 related to appreciated investments and $301,356,000 related to depreciated investments.

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Price Group). The investment management agreement between the fund and Price Associates provides for an annual investment management fee that consists of an individual fund fee and a group fee; management fees are computed daily and paid monthly. The investment management agreement provides for an individual fund fee equal to 0.30% of the fund’s average daily net assets. Through April 30, 2019, Price Associates agreed to reduce the fund’s individual fee to 0.27% for the portion of average daily net assets equal to or in excess of $27.5 billion. This contractual arrangement will renew automatically for one-year terms thereafter and may be revised, revoked, or terminated only with approval of the fund’s Board. Further, the fund has no obligation to repay fees reduced under this arrangement. The group fee rate is calculated based on the combined net assets of certain mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (the group) applied to a graduated fee schedule, with rates ranging from 0.48% for the first $1 billion of assets to 0.265% for assets in excess of $650 billion. The fund’s group fee is determined by applying the group fee rate to the fund’s average daily net assets. At June 30, 2018, the effective annual group fee rate was 0.29%.

The I Class is subject to an operating expense limitation (I Class limit) pursuant to which Price Associates is contractually required to pay all operating expenses of the I Class, excluding management fees, interest, expenses related to borrowings, taxes, brokerage, and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement, to the extent such operating expenses, on an annualized basis, exceed 0.05% of average net assets. This agreement will continue until April 30, 2020, and may be renewed, revised, or revoked only with approval of the fund’s Board. The I Class is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously paid to the extent the class’s net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the class’s operating expenses (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed both: (1) the expense limitation in place at the time such amounts were paid; and (2) the class’s current expense limitation. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the I Class operated below its expense limitation.

In addition, the fund has entered into service agreements with Price Associates and two wholly owned subsidiaries of Price Associates, each an affiliate of the fund (collectively, Price). Price Associates provides certain accounting and administrative services to the fund. T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., provides shareholder and administrative services in its capacity as the fund’s transfer and dividend-disbursing agent. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., provides subaccounting and recordkeeping services for certain retirement accounts invested in the Investor Class and I Class. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, expenses incurred pursuant to these service agreements were $46,000 for Price Associates; $3,090,000 for T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; and $576,000 for T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. All amounts due to and due from Price, exclusive of investment management fees payable, are presented net on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

The fund may invest its cash reserves in certain open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and considered affiliates of the fund: the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Fund or the T. Rowe Price Treasury Reserve Fund, organized as money market funds, or the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund, a short-term bond fund (collectively, the Price Reserve Funds). The Price Reserve Funds are offered as short-term investment options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates or its affiliates and are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. Cash collateral from securities lending is invested in the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund. The Price Reserve Funds pay no investment management fees.

The fund may also invest in certain other T. Rowe Price funds (Price Funds) as a means of gaining efficient and cost-effective exposure to certain markets. The fund does not invest for the purpose of exercising management or control; however, investments by the fund may represent a significant portion of an underlying Price Fund’s net assets. Each underlying Price Fund is an open-end management investment company managed by Price Associates and is considered an affiliate of the fund. To ensure that the fund does not incur duplicate management fees (paid by the underlying Price Fund(s) and the fund), Price Associates has agreed to permanently waive a portion of its management fee charged to the fund in an amount sufficient to fully offset that portion of management fees paid by each underlying Price Fund related to the fund’s investment therein. Annual management fee rates and amounts waived related to investments in the underlying Price Fund(s) for the six months ended June 30, 2018, are as follows:

The fund may participate in securities purchase and sale transactions with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates (cross trades), in accordance with procedures adopted by the fund’s Board and Securities and Exchange Commission rules, which require, among other things, that such purchase and sale cross trades be effected at the independent current market price of the security. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the aggregate value of purchases and sales cross trades with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates was less than 1% of the fund’s net assets as of June 30, 2018.

INFORMATION ON PROXY VOTING POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RECORDS

A description of the policies and procedures used by T. Rowe Price funds and portfolios to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is available in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information. You may request this document by calling 1-800-225-5132 or by accessing the SEC’s website, sec.gov.

The description of our proxy voting policies and procedures is also available on our corporate website. To access it, please visit the following Web page:

https://www3.troweprice.com/usis/corporate/en/utility/policies.html

Scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Policies.” Click on the Proxy Voting Policies link in the shaded box.

Each fund’s most recent annual proxy voting record is available on our website and through the SEC’s website. To access it through T. Rowe Price, visit the website location shown above, and scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Records.” Click on the Proxy Voting Records link in the shaded box.

HOW TO OBTAIN QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The fund files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. The fund’s Form N-Q is available electronically on the SEC’s website (sec.gov); hard copies may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, 100 F St. N.E., Washington, DC 20549. For more information on the Public Reference Room, call 1-800-SEC-0330.

APPROVAL OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

Each year, the fund’s Board of Directors (Board) considers the continuation of the investment management agreement (Advisory Contract) between the fund and its investment advisor, T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Advisor), on behalf of the fund. In that regard, at an in-person meeting held on March 5–6, 2018 (Meeting), the Board, including a majority of the fund’s independent directors, approved the continuation of the fund’s Advisory Contract. The Board noted that, effective October 30, 2017, the fund entered into a new Advisory Contract as a result of the fund being reorganized and redomiciled from a Massachusetts business trust to a Maryland corporation and that there were no material changes from the previous investment management agreement that was in place with the Advisor. At the Meeting, the Board considered the factors and reached the conclusions described below relating to the selection of the Advisor and the approval of the Advisory Contract. The independent directors were assisted in their evaluation of the Advisory Contract by independent legal counsel, from whom they received separate legal advice and with whom they met separately.

In providing information to the Board, the Advisor was guided by a detailed set of requests for information submitted by independent legal counsel on behalf of the independent directors. In considering and approving the Advisory Contract, the Board considered the information it believed was relevant, including, but not limited to, the information discussed below. The Board considered not only the specific information presented in connection with the Meeting but also the knowledge gained over time through interaction with the Advisor about various topics. The Board meets regularly and, at each of its meetings, covers an extensive agenda of topics and materials and considers factors that are relevant to its annual consideration of the renewal of the T. Rowe Price funds’ advisory contracts, including performance and the services and support provided to the funds and their shareholders.

Services Provided by the Advisor
The Board considered the nature, quality, and extent of the services provided to the fund by the Advisor. These services included, but were not limited to, directing the fund’s investments in accordance with its investment program and the overall management of the fund’s portfolio, as well as a variety of related activities such as financial, investment operations, and administrative services; compliance; maintaining the fund’s records and registrations; and shareholder communications. The Board also reviewed the background and experience of the Advisor’s senior management team and investment personnel involved in the management of the fund, as well as the Advisor’s compliance record. The Board concluded that it was satisfied with the nature, quality, and extent of the services provided by the Advisor.

Investment Performance of the Fund
The Board took into account discussions with the Advisor and reports that it receives throughout the year relating to fund performance. In connection with the Meeting, the Board reviewed the fund’s net annualized total returns for the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 10-year periods as of September 30, 2017, and compared these returns with the performance of a peer group of funds with similar investment programs and a wide variety of other previously agreed-upon comparable performance measures and market data, including those supplied by Broadridge, which is an independent provider of mutual fund data.

On the basis of this evaluation and the Board’s ongoing review of investment results, and factoring in the relative market conditions during certain of the performance periods, the Board concluded that the fund’s performance was satisfactory.

Costs, Benefits, Profits, and Economies of Scale
The Board reviewed detailed information regarding the revenues received by the Advisor under the Advisory Contract and other benefits that the Advisor (and its affiliates) may have realized from its relationship with the fund, including any research received under “soft dollar” agreements and commission-sharing arrangements with broker-dealers. The Board considered that the Advisor may receive some benefit from soft-dollar arrangements pursuant to which research is received from broker-dealers that execute the fund’s portfolio transactions. The Board received information on the estimated costs incurred and profits realized by the Advisor from managing the T. Rowe Price funds. The Board also reviewed estimates of the profits realized from managing the fund in particular, and the Board concluded that the Advisor’s profits were reasonable in light of the services provided to the fund.

The Board also considered whether the fund benefits under the fee levels set forth in the Advisory Contract from any economies of scale realized by the Advisor. Under the Advisory Contract, the fund pays a fee to the Advisor for investment management services composed of two components—a group fee rate based on the combined average net assets of most of the T. Rowe Price funds (including the fund) that declines at certain asset levels and an individual fund fee rate based on the fund’s average daily net assets (subject to a contractual waiver that limits the individual fund fee to 0.27% on assets equal to or greater than $27.5 billion)—and the fund pays its own expenses of operations. The Board concluded that the advisory fee structure for the fund continued to provide for a reasonable sharing of benefits from any economies of scale with the fund’s investors.

Fees and Expenses
The Board was provided with information regarding industry trends in management fees and expenses. Among other things, the Board reviewed data for peer groups that were compiled by Broadridge, which compared: (i) contractual management fees, total expenses, actual management fees, and nonmanagement expenses of the Investor Class of the fund with a group of competitor funds selected by Broadridge (Investor Class Expense Group); (ii) total expenses and actual management fees of the Advisor Class of the fund with a group of competitor funds selected by Broadridge (Advisor Class Expense Group); and (iii) total expenses, actual management fees, and nonmanagement expenses of the Investor Class of the fund with a broader set of funds within the Lipper investment classification (Expense Universe). The Board considered the fund’s contractual management fee rate, actual management fee rate (which reflects the management fees actually received from the fund by the Advisor after any applicable waivers, reductions, or reimbursements), operating expenses, and total expenses (which reflect the net total expense ratio of the fund after any waivers, reductions, or reimbursements) in comparison with the information for the Broadridge peer groups. Broadridge generally constructed the peer groups by seeking the most comparable funds based on similar investment classifications and objectives, expense structure, asset size, and operating components and attributes and ranked funds into quintiles, with the first quintile representing the funds with the lowest relative expenses and the fifth quintile representing the funds with the highest relative expenses. The information provided to the Board indicated that the fund’s contractual management fee ranked in the fifth quintile (Investor Class Expense Group), the fund’s actual management fee rate ranked in the third quintile (Investor Class Expense Group, Advisor Class Expense Group, and Expense Universe), and the fund’s total expenses ranked in the second and third quintiles (Investor Class Expense Group), first quintile (Advisor Class Expense Group), and first and second quintiles (Expense Universe).

The Board also reviewed the fee schedules for institutional accounts and private accounts with similar mandates that are advised or subadvised by the Advisor and its affiliates. Management provided the Board with information about the Advisor’s responsibilities and services provided to subadvisory and other institutional account clients, including information about how the requirements and economics of the institutional business are fundamentally different from those of the mutual fund business. The Board considered information showing that the Advisor’s mutual fund business is generally more complex from a business and compliance perspective than its institutional account business and considered various relevant factors, such as the broader scope of operations and oversight, more extensive shareholder communication infrastructure, greater asset flows, heightened business risks, and differences in applicable laws and regulations associated with the Advisor’s proprietary mutual fund business. In assessing the reasonableness of the fund’s management fee rate, the Board considered the differences in the nature of the services required for the Advisor to manage its mutual fund business versus managing a discrete pool of assets as a subadvisor to another institution’s mutual fund or for an institutional account and that the Advisor generally performs significant additional services and assumes greater risk in managing the fund and other T. Rowe Price funds than it does for institutional account clients.

On the basis of the information provided and the factors considered, the Board concluded that the fees paid by the fund under the Advisory Contract are reasonable.

Approval of the Advisory Contract
As noted, the Board approved the continuation of the Advisory Contract. No single factor was considered in isolation or to be determinative to the decision. Rather, the Board concluded, in light of a weighting and balancing of all factors considered, that it was in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders for the Board to approve the continuation of the Advisory Contract (including the fees to be charged for services thereunder).

Item 2. Code of Ethics.

A code of ethics, as defined in Item 2 of Form N-CSR, applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions is filed as an exhibit to the registrant’s annual Form N-CSR. No substantive amendments were approved or waivers were granted to this code of ethics during the registrant’s most recent fiscal half-year.

Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.

Disclosure required in registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.

Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Disclosure required in registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.

Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Investments.

(a) Not applicable. The complete schedule of investments is included in Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.

(b) Not applicable.

Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.

Not applicable.

Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.

Not applicable.

Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.

Not applicable.

Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

Not applicable.

Item 11. Controls and Procedures.

(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-CSR was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.

(b) During the period, the Price Funds’ accounting agent, The Bank of New York Mellon (BNYM), converted the fund’s books and records from a legacy fund accounting system / operating model to a BNYM fund accounting system / operating model.

Item 12. Exhibits.

(a)(1) The registrant’s code of ethics pursuant to Item 2 of Form N-CSR is filed with the registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.

(2) Separate certifications by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, are attached.

(3) Written solicitation to repurchase securities issued by closed-end companies: not applicable.

(b) A certification by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, is attached.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund, Inc.

		By	/s/ David Oestreicher
			David Oestreicher
			Principal Executive Officer
Date	August 16, 2018

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

		By	/s/ David Oestreicher
			David Oestreicher
			Principal Executive Officer
Date	August 16, 2018
		By	/s/ Catherine D. Mathews
			Catherine D. Mathews
			Principal Financial Officer
Date	August 16, 2018

EX-99.CERT

Item 12(a)(2).

CERTIFICATIONS

I, David Oestreicher, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 16, 2018	/s/ David Oestreicher
	David Oestreicher
	Principal Executive Officer

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Catherine D. Mathews, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 16, 2018	/s/ Catherine D. Mathews
	Catherine D. Mathews
	Principal Financial Officer

EX-99.906 CERT

Item 12(b).

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 906 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Name of Issuer: T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund
In connection with the Report on Form N-CSR for the above named Issuer, the undersigned hereby certifies, to the best of his knowledge, that:
1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.

Date: August 16, 2018	/s/ David Oestreicher
	David Oestreicher
	Principal Executive Officer
Date: August 16, 2018	/s/ Catherine D. Mathews
	Catherine D. Mathews
	Principal Financial Officer