COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

Our long-term contractual obligations include commitments and estimated purchase obligations entered into in the normal course of business. These include commitments related to our facility, vehicle and equipment leases, purchases of inventory, debt obligations, and other purchase obligations.

Operating Lease Obligations

As of January 1, 2019, we had operating leases for our corporate headquarters and vehicles utilized by sales employees. Accordingly, we recorded operating lease liabilities of $8.5 million and related ROU assets of $7.6 million as of January 1, 2019 in connection with our adoption of ASC 842. During the first quarter of 2019, we acquired a lease for office space in conjunction with the Perosphere transaction, entered into a new lease for office equipment and terminated certain vehicle leases in conjunction with our restructuring activities. There was no material gain or loss recognized on the early termination of the vehicle leases. As of March 31, 2019, we had operating lease liabilities of $7.9 million and related ROU assets of $7.0 million. As of March 31, 2019, our leases have remaining lease terms of one to four years. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases was 2.17 years and 4.63% at March 31, 2019, respectively.

Lease costs for our operating leases were $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Operating cash outflows for operating leases were $1.2 million for three months ended March 31, 2019 and ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations were $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Future minimum payments under our non-cancelable operating leases as of March 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):



Period	Future Minimum Lease Payments
Remainder of Year Ending December 31, 2019	$	3,092
Year Ending December 31, 2020	3,622
Year Ending December 31, 2021	1,239
Year Ending December 31, 2022	214
Year Ending December 31, 2023	53
Thereafter	—
Total	$	8,220
Less: Interest	363
Operating lease liability	$	7,857

Under the prior lease guidance, future minimum payments under our non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):



Period	Future Minimum Lease Payments
Year Ending December 31, 2019	$	5,119
Year Ending December 31, 2020	4,075
Year Ending December 31, 2021	1,034
Year Ending December 31, 2022	—
Year Ending December 31, 2023	—
Total	$	10,228

Purchase Obligations

Purchase obligations primarily represent minimum purchase commitments for inventory. As of March 31, 2019, our minimum purchase commitments totaled $42.7 million.

Contingent Consideration Related to Business Combinations

In connection with our acquisition of Lumara Health in November 2014, we agreed to pay up to $350.0 million based on the achievement of certain sales milestones, of which $150.0 million has been paid to date. During 2018, we reversed the accrual for a $50.0 million milestone payment based on actual Makena net sales to date and our expectations for future performance, which indicated that achievement of the future milestone was not probable. As we update our analysis in future periods, actual results may vary significantly from the estimated results, which are reliant on a number of external factors as well as the exercise of judgment.

Contingent Regulatory and Commercial Milestone Payments

In January 2019, we acquired Perosphere, a privately-held biopharmaceutical company focused on developing ciraparantag, a small molecule anticoagulant reversal agent. Under and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Perosphere Agreement (described below), we are obligated to pay future contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $365.0 million (the “Milestone Payments”), including (a) up to an aggregate of $140.0 million that becomes payable upon the achievement of specified regulatory milestones for ciraparantag (the “Regulatory Milestone Payments”), including a $40.0 million milestone payment upon approval of ciraparantag by the European Medicines Agency and (b) up to an aggregate of $225.0 million that becomes payable conditioned upon the achievement of specified sales milestones (the “Sales Milestone Payments”). If the final label approved for ciraparantag in the U.S. includes a boxed warning, the Regulatory Milestone Payments shall no longer be payable, and any previously paid Regulatory Milestone Payments shall be credited against 50% of any future Milestone Payments that otherwise becomes payable. The first Sales Milestone Payment of $20.0 million will be payable upon annual net sales of ciraparantag of at least $100.0 million. For more information on the Perosphere acquisition, see Note Q, “Acquisitions, Collaboration, License and Other Strategic Agreements.”

In September 2018, we exercised our option to acquire the global rights to AMAG-423 pursuant to an option agreement entered into in July 2015 with Velo Bio, LLC, a privately-held life-sciences company (“Velo”), the terms of which were amended at the time of exercise. In connection with the exercise of the option and consummation of the acquisition, we are responsible for completing the Phase 2b/3a clinical study that Velo initiated in the second quarter of 2017 and will incur all of the clinical, regulatory and other costs required to pursue FDA approval. We are obligated to pay Velo a $30.0 million milestone payment upon FDA approval of AMAG-423. In addition, we are obligated to pay sales milestone payments to Velo of up to $240.0 million in the aggregate, triggered at various annual net sales thresholds between $300.0 million and $900.0 million and low-single digit royalties based on net sales. Further, we have assumed additional obligations under a previous agreement entered into by Velo with a third-party, including a $5.0 million milestone payment upon regulatory approval and $10.0 million following the first commercial sale of AMAG-423, payable in quarterly installments as a percentage of quarterly gross commercial sales until the obligation is met. We are also obligated to pay the third-party low-single digit royalties based on net sales.

In connection with a license agreement we entered into with Endoceutics, Inc. (“Endoceutics”) in February 2017 (the “Endoceutics License Agreement”), we are required to pay Endoceutics certain sales milestone payments, including a first sales milestone payment of $15.0 million, which would be triggered when Intrarosa annual net U.S. sales exceed $150.0 million, and a second milestone payment of $30.0 million, which would be triggered when annual net U.S. sales of Intrarosa exceed $300.0 million. If annual net U.S. sales of Intrarosa exceed $500.0 million, there are additional sales milestone payments totaling up to $850.0 million, which would be triggered at various sales thresholds. We are also obligated to pay tiered royalties to Endoceutics equal to a percentage of net U.S. sales of Intrarosa ranging from mid-teens for calendar year net sales up to $150.0 million to mid twenty percent for any calendar year net sales that exceed $1.0 billion for the commercial life of Intrarosa, with deductions (a) after the later of (i) the expiration date of the last to expire of a licensed patent containing a valid patent claim or (ii) ten years after the first commercial sale of Intrarosa for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (“VVA”) or female sexual dysfunction (“FSD”) in the U.S. (as applicable), (b) for generic competition and (c) for third party payments, subject to an aggregate cap on such deductions of royalties otherwise payable to Endoceutics. For more information on the Endoceutics License Agreement, see Note Q, “Acquisitions, Collaboration, License and Other Strategic Agreements.”

In connection with a license agreement we entered into with Palatin Technologies, Inc. (“Palatin”) in January 2017 (the “Palatin License Agreement”), we are required to pay Palatin (a) $60.0 million upon FDA approval of Vyleesi, and (b) up to $300.0 million of aggregate sales milestone payments upon the achievement of certain annual net sales milestones over the course of the license. The first sales milestone payment of $25.0 million will be triggered when Vyleesi annual net sales exceed $250.0 million. We are also obligated to pay Palatin tiered royalties on annual net sales in North America of the Vyleesi Products, on a product-by-product basis, in the Palatin Territory ranging from the high-single digits to the low double-digits. The royalties will expire on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis upon the latest to occur of (a) the earliest date on which there are no valid claims of Palatin patent rights covering such Vyleesi Product in such country, (b) the expiration of the regulatory exclusivity period for such Vyleesi Product in such country and (c) 10 years following the first commercial sale of such Vyleesi Product in such country. These royalties are subject to reduction in the event that: (x) we must license additional third-party intellectual property in order to develop, manufacture or commercialize a Vyleesi Product or (y) generic competition occurs with respect to a Vyleesi Product in a given country, subject to an aggregate cap on such deductions of royalties otherwise payable to Palatin. After the expiration of the applicable royalties for any Vyleesi Product in a given country, the license for such Vyleesi Product in such country would become a fully paid-up, royalty-free, perpetual and irrevocable license. For more information on the Palatin License Agreement, see Note Q, “Acquisitions, Collaboration, License and Other Strategic Agreements.”

In connection with a development and license agreement (the “Antares License Agreement”) with Antares Pharma, Inc. (“Antares”), we are required to pay royalties to Antares on net sales of the Makena auto-injector commencing on the launch of the Makena auto-injector in a particular country until the Makena auto-injector is no longer sold or offered for sale in such country or the Antares License Agreement is terminated (the “Antares Royalty Term”). The royalty rates range from high single digit to low double digits and are tiered based on levels of net sales of the Makena auto-injector and decrease after the expiration of licensed patents or where there are generic equivalents to the Makena auto-injector being sold in a particular country. Antares is also entitled to sales-based milestone payments upon the achievement of certain annual net sales. For more information on the Antares License Agreement, see Note Q, “Acquisitions, Collaboration, License and Other Strategic Agreements.”

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

We accrue a liability for legal contingencies when we believe that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. We review these accruals and adjust them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and our views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations or legal proceedings change, changes in our accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. For certain matters referenced below, the liability is not probable or the amount cannot be reasonably estimated and, therefore, accruals have not been made. In addition, in accordance with the relevant authoritative guidance, for any matters in which the likelihood of material loss is at least reasonably possible, we will provide disclosure of the possible loss or range of loss. If a reasonable estimate cannot be made, however, we will provide disclosure to that effect. We expense legal costs as they are incurred.

On or about April 6, 2016, we received Notice of a Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons in a case entitled Plumbers’ Local Union No. 690 Health Plan v. Actavis Group et. al. (“Plumbers’ Union”), which was filed in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania and, after removal to federal court, is now pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (Civ. Action No. 16-65-AB). Thereafter, we were also made aware of a related complaint entitled Delaware Valley Health Care Coalition v. Actavis Group et. al. (“Delaware Valley”), which was filed with the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania District Court of Pennsylvania (Case ID: 160200806). The complaints name K-V Pharmaceutical Company (“KV”) (Lumara Health’s predecessor company), certain of its successor entities, subsidiaries and affiliate entities (the “Subsidiaries”), along with a number of other pharmaceutical companies. We acquired Lumara Health in November 2014, a year after KV emerged from bankruptcy protection, at which time it, along with its then existing subsidiaries, became our wholly-owned subsidiary. We have not been served with process or waived service of summons in either case. The actions are being brought alleging unfair and deceptive trade practices with regard to certain pricing practices that allegedly resulted in certain payers overpaying for certain of KV’s generic products. On July 21, 2016, the Plaintiff in the Plumbers’ Union case dismissed KV with prejudice to refiling and on October 6, 2016, all claims against the Subsidiaries were dismissed without prejudice. We are in discussions with Plaintiff’s counsel to similarly dismiss all claims in the Delaware Valley case. Because the Delaware Valley case is in the earliest stages and we have not been served with process in this case, we are currently unable to predict the outcome or reasonably estimate the range of potential loss associated with this matter, if any.

On July 20, 2015, the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) notified us that it was conducting an investigation into whether Lumara Health or its predecessor engaged in unfair methods of competition with respect to Makena or any hydroxyprogesterone caproate product. As previously disclosed, we provided the FTC with a response in August 2015. We believe we have fully cooperated with the FTC and we have had no further interactions with the FTC on this matter since our response in August 2015. For further information on this matter, see Note P, “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Annual Report.

We may periodically become subject to other legal proceedings and claims arising in connection with ongoing business activities, including claims or disputes related to patents that have been issued or that are pending in the field of research on which we are focused. Other than the above actions, we are not aware of any material claims against us as of March 31, 2019.