GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

Our goodwill balance consisted of the following (in thousands):





Balance at January 1, 2015	$	205,824
Goodwill acquired through CBR acquisition	441,075
Measurement period adjustments related to Lumara Health acquisition	(7,711		)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	639,188
Measurement period adjustments related to CBR acquisition	296
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	639,484

Our $639.5 million goodwill balance consisted of $198.1 million of goodwill acquired through the November 2014 Lumara Health acquisition and $441.4 million acquired through the August 2015 CBR acquisition. During 2016, the CBR goodwill increased by $0.3 million related to measurement period net tax adjustments. These measurement period adjustments have been reflected as current period adjustments in accordance with ASU 2015-16. As of December 31, 2016, we had no accumulated impairment losses related to goodwill.

Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):



	December 31, 2016								December 31, 2015
			Accumulated								Accumulated
	Cost		Amortization		Impairments		Net		Cost		Amortization		Net
Amortizable intangible assets:
Makena base technology	$	797,100	$	128,732	$	—	$	668,368	$	797,100	$	56,540	$	740,560
CBR customer relationships	297,000		13,590		—		283,410		297,000		1,061		295,939
CBR Favorable lease	358		119		239		—		358		63		295
MuGard Rights	16,893		1,169		15,724		—		16,893		1,016		15,877
	1,111,351		143,610		15,963		951,778		1,111,351		58,680		1,052,671
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Makena IPR&D	79,100		—		—		79,100		79,100		—		79,100
CBR trade names and trademarks	65,000		—		3,700		61,300		65,000		—		65,000
Total intangible assets	$	1,255,451	$	143,610	$	19,663	$	1,092,178	$	1,255,451	$	58,680	$	1,196,771

As of December 31, 2016, the weighted average remaining amortization period for our finite-lived intangible assets was approximately 8.5 years.

The Makena base technology and IPR&D intangible assets were acquired in November 2014 in connection with our acquisition of Lumara Health. Amortization of the Makena base technology asset is being recognized using an economic consumption model over 20 years from the acquisition date, which we believe is an appropriate amortization period due to the estimated economic lives of the product rights and related intangibles.

The CBR intangible assets (the CBR customer relationships, favorable lease and trade names and trademarks) were acquired in August 2015 in connection with our acquisition of CBR. Amortization of the CBR customer relationships is being recognized using an estimated useful life of 20 years from the acquisition date, which we believe is an appropriate amortization period due to the estimated economic lives of the CBR intangible assets. The favorable lease was being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the lease. On May 4, 2016, we entered into a sublease arrangement for a portion of our CBR office space in San Bruno, California with a sublessee at a rate lower than the market rate used to determine the favorable lease intangible asset. We reevaluated the favorable lease asset based on the negotiated sublease rate, resulting in an impairment charge for the full $0.2 million net intangible asset in 2016. In addition, as part of our annual impairment test, we recorded an impairment charge of $3.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 related to the impairment of a portion of the CBR trade names and trademarks indefinite-lived intangible asset based on a revised long-term revenue forecast for CBR.

The MuGard Rights were acquired from Abeona in June 2013. Amortization of the MuGard Rights was being recognized using an economic consumption model over ten years from the acquisition date, which represented our best estimate of the period over which we expected the majority of the asset’s cash flows to be derived. Based on interactions with government payors during 2016, we determined that broader reimbursement coverage for MuGard by was unlikely and we assessed the MuGard Rights for potential impairment. From this assessment, we concluded that based on the lack of broad reimbursement and insurance coverage for MuGard and the resulting decrease in expected revenues and cash flows, the projected undiscounted cash flows were less than the book value, indicating impairment of this intangible asset. As a result of an analysis of the fair value of the net MuGard Rights intangible asset as compared to its recorded book value, we recognized an impairment charge for the full $15.7 million net intangible asset in the second quarter of 2016.

See Note C, “Business Combinations,” and Note Q, “Collaboration, License and Other Strategic Agreements,” for additional information on our intangible assets.

Total amortization expense for 2016, 2015 and 2014, was $84.9 million, $53.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the Makena base technology and the MuGard Rights is recorded in cost of product sales in our consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense for the CBR related intangibles is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We expect amortization expense related to our finite-lived intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):



Period	Estimated Amortization Expense
Year Ending December 31, 2017	$	119,900
Year Ending December 31, 2018	81,433
Year Ending December 31, 2019	48,283
Year Ending December 31, 2020	46,845
Year Ending December 31, 2021	46,767
Thereafter	608,550
Total	$	951,778