4. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE VENTURES

As of December 31, 2016, the Company held ownership interests in 14 unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures for an aggregate investment balance of $281.3 million. The Company formed or acquired interests in these Real Estate Ventures with unaffiliated third parties to develop or manage office, residential and/or mixed-use properties or to acquire land in anticipation of possible development of office, residential and/or mixed-use properties. As of December 31, 2016, seven of the real estate ventures owned properties that contain an aggregate of approximately 8.0 million net rentable square feet of office space; two real estate ventures owned 4.3 acres of undeveloped parcels of land; two real estate ventures owned 1.4 acres of land under active development; two real estate ventures owned residential towers that contain 345 and 321 apartment units, respectively, and one real estate venture owned an apartment complex that contains 398 units.

The Company accounts for its unconsolidated interests in its Real Estate Ventures using the equity method. The Company’s unconsolidated interests range from 20% to 70%, subject to specified priority allocations of distributable cash in certain of the Real Estate Ventures.

The Company earned management fees from its Real Estate Ventures of $19.8 million and $18.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company has outstanding accounts receivable balances from its Real Estate Ventures of $1.4 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The amounts reflected in the following tables (except for the Company’s share of equity and income) are based on the historical financial information of the individual Real Estate Ventures. The Company does not record operating losses of the Real Estate Ventures in excess of its investment balance unless the Company is liable for the obligations of the Real Estate Venture or is otherwise committed to provide financial support to the Real Estate Venture.

The Company’s investment in Real Estate Ventures as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the Company’s share of the Real Estate Ventures’ income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

			Carrying Amount					Company's Share of Real Estate Venture Income (Loss)						Real Estate Venture Debt at 100%
	Ownership Percentage (a)		2016		2015			2016			2015			2016		2015		Current Interest Rate			Debt Maturity
Office Properties
Brandywine-AI Venture LLC (b)		50%	$	67,809	$	50,760		$	(5,895	)	$	(229	)	$	131,539	$	132,717		3.96	%	(c)
DRA (G&I) Austin (d)		50%		52,886		60,427			(1,880	)		(1,235	)		405,734		410,066		3.36	%	(e)
MAP Venture (f)		50%		20,893		-			(4,218	)		-			180,800		-	L+6.25%			Feb 2018
Four Tower Bridge		65%		2,286		1,684			602			211			9,961		10,162		5.20	%	Feb 2021
PJP VII		25%		980		872			233			211			4,956		5,621	L+2.65%			Dec 2019
PJP II		30%		532		435			97			32			2,893		3,201		6.12	%	Nov 2023
PJP VI		25%		142		45			97			151			7,652		7,918		6.08	%	Apr 2023
1000 Chesterbrook Blvd. (g)				-		1,895			160			117			-		23,610
PJP V (g)				-		305			127			189			-		5,035
Invesco, L.P. (g)				-		-			261			349			-		-
Broadmoor Austin Associates (g)				-		-			-			(377	)		-		-
Coppell Associates (h)				-		(1,130	)		12			84			-		15,515

Other
HSRE-BDN I, LLC (d)		50%		21,228		15,003			843			(188	)		105,000		95,562	L+2.25%			Oct 2019
TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments		50%		12,450		12,338			119			(252	)		53,967		50,964	L+1.70%			Dec 2017
Brandywine 1919 Ventures (d) (i)		50%		27,462		29,086			(1,529	)		-			79,250		19,411	L+2.00%			Oct 2018
Residence Inn Tower Bridge (g)				-		-			-			367			-		-

Development Properties
4040 Wilson		50%		36,356		36,626			(270	)		(106	)		1,004		-	L+2.40%			Mar 2019
51 N Street		70%		20,318		16,725			(114	)		-			-		-
1250 First Street Office		70%		17,304		14,312			(15	)		-			-		-
Seven Tower Bridge		20%		685		491			(133	)		(135	)		14,710		14,789		3.71	%	(j)
			$	281,331	$	239,874		$	(11,503	)	$	(811	)	$	997,466	$	794,571

(a)	Ownership percentage represents the Company’s entitlement to residual distributions after payments of priority returns, where applicable.

(b)	See “Brandywine AI Venture: 3141 Fairview Park Drive” section below for information discussing activity that occurred during 2016 relating to this venture.

(c)

The debt for these properties is comprised of three fixed rate mortgages: (1) $37.9 million with a 4.40% fixed interest rate due January 1, 2019, (2) $27.1 million with a 4.65% fixed interest rate due January 1, 2022, and (3) $66.5 million with a 3.22% fixed interest rate due August 1, 2019, resulting in a time weighted average rate of 3.96%.

(d)

The basis differences associated with these ventures are allocated between cost and the underlying equity in the net assets of the investee and is accounted for as if the entity were consolidated (i.e., allocated to the Company’s relative share of assets and liabilities with an adjustment to recognize equity in earnings for the appropriate depreciation/amortization). The Company increased its ownership interest in the HSRE-BDN I, LLC venture (also referred to as the “Evo at Cira South Venture”) to 50% on March 2, 2016. On June 10, 2016, HSRE-BDN I, LLC refinanced its debt. See “Evo at Cira South Venture” section below for further details on these transactions.

(e)

The debt for these properties includes seven mortgages: (1) $33.9 million that was swapped to a 1.59% fixed rate (or an all-in fixed rate of 3.52% incorporating the 1.93% spread) due November 1, 2018, (2) $54.7 million that was swapped to a 1.49% fixed rate (or an all-in rate of 3.19% incorporating the 1.70% spread) due October 15, 2018, (3) $137.0 million that was swapped to a 1.43% fixed rate (for an all-in fixed rate of 3.44% incorporating the 2.01% spread) due November 1, 2018, (4) $29.0 million with a 4.50% fixed interest rate due April 6, 2019, (5) $34.3 million with a 3.87% fixed interest rate due August 6, 2019, (6) $86.7 million that was swapped to a 1.36% fixed rate (or all-in fixed rate of 3.36% incorporating the 2.00% spread) due February 10, 2020, and (7) $30.0 million with a rate of LIBOR + 1.85% with a cap of 2.75% due January 1, 2021, resulting in a time and dollar weighted average rate of 3.36%.

(f)

In order to fulfill interest rate protection requirements, a LIBOR interest rate cap of 1.75% was purchased, effective February 3, 2016 and maturing February 9, 2018, for a notional amount of $200.8 million. There are three options to extend the maturity date of the debt for three successive terms, each year representing a separate option.

(g)

The Company liquidated its 25% ownership interest in the PJP V real estate venture on September 22, 2016. On June 30, 2016, the Company liquidated its 50% ownership interest in the venture known as 1000 Chesterbrook. The ownership interest in Invesco, L.P. was sold prior to December 31, 2015, and on August 19, 2016, the Company assigned its residual profits interest to the general partner of Invesco. The Company purchased the remaining 50% interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates on June 22, 2015. The ownership interest in Residence Inn Tower Bridge was sold on December 30, 2015. See below for further detail on 2016 dispositions.

(h)	Carrying amount represents the negative investment balance of the venture that was included in other liabilities as of December 31, 2015. The ownership interest in this venture was disposed of on January 29, 2016.

(i)	The stated rate for the construction loan is LIBOR + 2.00%. It is further reduced to 1.75% upon reaching 90% residential occupancy and commencement of the lease in the retail space. To fulfill interest rate protection requirements, an interest rate cap was purchased at 4.50%.

(j)

Comprised of two fixed rate mortgages totaling $8.0 million that mature on March 1, 2017 and accrue interest at a current rate of 7.00%, a $0.8 million 3.00% fixed rate loan through its September 1, 2025 maturity, a $2.0 million 4.00% fixed rate loan with interest only through its February 7, 2017 maturity and a $3.9 million 3.25% fixed rate loan with interest only beginning March 11, 2018 through its March 11, 2020 maturity, resulting in a time and dollar weighted average rate of 3.42%.

The following is a summary of the financial position of the Real Estate Ventures as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Net property	$	1,483,067	$	1,258,999
Other assets		231,972		158,672
Other liabilities		129,486		69,028
Debt, net		989,738		794,571
Equity		595,815		554,072

Company’s share of equity (Company’s basis) (a) (b)	$	281,331	$	241,004

(a)

This amount includes the effect of the basis difference between the Company’s historical cost basis and the basis recorded at the Real Estate Venture level, which is typically amortized over the life of the related assets and liabilities. Basis differentials occur from the impairment of investments, purchases of third party interests in existing Real Estate Ventures and upon the transfer of assets that were previously owned by the Company into a Real Estate Venture. In addition, certain acquisition, transaction and other costs may not be reflected in the net assets at the Real Estate Venture level.

(b)	Does not include the negative investment balance of one real estate venture totaling $1.1 million as of December 31, 2015, which is included in other liabilities. The Company disposed of its interest in this venture on January 29, 2016. See “Coppell Associates” section below for further details.

The following is a summary of results of operations of the Real Estate Ventures in which the Company had interests as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Revenue	$	214,452		$	164,928		$	147,236
Operating expenses		(110,265	)		(70,136	)		(61,268	)
Provision for impairment (a)		(10,476	)		-			-
Interest expense, net		(43,283	)		(34,584	)		(36,511	)
Depreciation and amortization		(85,738	)		(68,100	)		(57,109	)
Net loss (b)	$	(35,310	)	$	(7,892	)	$	(7,652	)

Equity in loss of Real Estate Ventures	$	(11,503	)	$	(811	)	$	(790	)

(a) During the year ended December 31, 2016, Brandywine - AI Venture LLC recorded a property level impairment charge of $10.4 million. See additional details in the “Station Square Impairment” disclosure below.

(b) During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were $7.1 million of acquisition deal costs related to the formation of the MAP Venture.

As of December 31, 2016, the aggregate principal payments of recourse and non-recourse debt payable to third-parties are as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	72,520
2018		485,847
2019		274,445
2020		92,261
2021		40,498
Thereafter		31,895
Total principal payments		997,466
Net deferred financing costs		(7,728	)
Outstanding indebtedness	$	989,738

Brandywine - AI Venture: 3141 Fairview Park Drive

On December 20, 2011, the Company formed a real estate venture, Brandywine - AI Venture LLC, (the "AICC Venture"), with Current Creek Investments, LLC ("Current Creek"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Allstate Insurance Company. The Company and Current Creek each own a 50% interest in the AICC Venture. The AICC Venture owns three office properties, which the Company contributed to the AICC Venture upon its formation. The contributed office properties contain an aggregate of 587,317 net rentable square feet and consist of 3130 and 3141 Fairview Park Drive, both located in Falls Church, Virginia, and 7101 Wisconsin Avenue located in Bethesda, Maryland.

The Company maintained a regional management and leasing office at 3141 Fairview Park Drive. Consistent with the other four properties owned by the AICC Venture, financial control was shared, however, pursuant to the accounting standard for sales-leaseback transactions, the lease that the Company maintained at 3141 Fairview Park Drive resulted in the Company having continuing involvement that required 3141 Fairview Park Drive and its related operations to be consolidated by the Company under the financing method of accounting for sales of real estate. At formation, the Company concluded under ASC 810, Consolidations that it was appropriate to deconsolidate the remaining two properties and account for them under the equity method of accounting.

On August 31, 2016, the Company terminated its lease for the regional management and leasing office at 3141 Fairview Park Drive. Accordingly, the Company no longer has a continuing involvement, other than the equity method investment and property management agreement, with 3141 Fairview Park Drive and recorded the partial sale under the full accrual method of accounting. As a result of the sale accounting, the Company deconsolidated net assets of $45.6 million, a mortgage loan of $20.6 million and a financing liability of $12.4 million related to the property from its consolidated balance sheet and recorded a $12.6 million equity method investment. Upon recognizing the sale, there was no gain or loss, as 3141 Fairview Park Drive was impaired to its fair value during the second quarter of 2016.

On September 30, 2016, the Company funded a capital call totaling $10.3 million to the AICC Venture for its 50% share of the mortgage debt on 3141 Fairview Park Drive. Subsequently, the AICC Venture funded $20.6 million for the repayment of its mortgage debt.

The Company determined that the partial sale recognition does not have an impact on the accounting standard for VIEs because the underlying real estate venture agreements are unchanged. The Venture is not a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. As a result, the Company continues to use the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the Venture. Based upon each member’s substantive participating rights over the activities of the Venture under its operating and related agreements, it is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Brandywine - AI Venture: Station Square Impairment

On July, 10, 2012, Brandywine – AI Venture (the “AISS Venture”), an unconsolidated real estate venture in which the Company owns a 50% interest, acquired a three building office portfolio totaling 497,896 net rentable square feet in Silver Spring, Maryland (“Station Square”) valued at $120.6 million. During the period ended September 30, 2016, the AISS Venture recorded a $10.4 million held for use impairment charge related to Station Square, which is included in the Company’s Metropolitan D.C. segment. The Company's share of this impairment charge was $5.2 million and is reflected in equity in loss of Real Estate Ventures in its consolidated statement of operations for the period ended December 31, 2016. The fair value of the Station Square properties was primarily determined based on offers received for the properties. The remaining properties in the AISS Venture were evaluated for impairment, and based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis, no additional other than temporary impairment was identified.

All of the inputs used to determine the above-mentioned impairment charges are categorized Level 3, as previously defined.

The Company evaluated for other than temporary impairment in its investment in the AISS Venture in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The investment in the AISS Venture was determined to be the level of account for evaluation of other than temporary impairment. The impairment recorded on the three properties was deemed to be an event that indicates the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. Following the recognition of the Company’s proportionate share of the impairment charge through equity in loss of Real Estate Ventures, the Company evaluated the fair value of the investment in the AISS Venture through a hypothetical liquidation at book value method. No other than temporary impairment was identified.

PJP V

On September 22, 2016, the real estate venture known as PJV V sold its office property, comprised of 73,997 square feet, located in Charlottesville, Virginia. Also on September 22, 2016, using proceeds from the sale, the Company liquidated its entire 25% interest in the real estate venture for $3.4 million, net of closing costs. The carrying amount of the Company’s investment was $0.2 million at the time of sale, resulting in a recognized gain of $3.2 million related to the disposition.

Invesco Venture

On August 19, 2016, the Company assigned its residual profits interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as Invesco, L.P. to the general partner of Invesco L.P. for $7.0 million. At the time of sale, the Company’s investment basis in Invesco, L.P. was zero and the Company held no other ownership interest. As a result, the Company recorded the entire amount of the proceeds received as a gain on sale of unconsolidated real estate ventures in its consolidated statement of operations.

1000 Chesterbrook

On June 30, 2016, the real estate venture known as 1000 Chesterbrook sold its office property, comprised of 172,286 square feet, located in Berwyn, Pennsylvania for a sales price of $32.1 million. As of June 30, 2016, the Company owned a 50% interest in the 1000 Chesterbrook real estate venture. The proceeds to 1000 Chesterbrook, net of closing costs, proration adjustments and $23.2 million of debt assumed by the buyer, were $9.8 million. The Company recorded $3.2 million for its proportionate share of the Venture’s gain which is reflected in “Gain on Real Estate Venture transactions” in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The proceeds from the sale, along with $0.2 million of working capital, were distributed to the Company during the third quarter of 2016.

evo at Cira Centre South Venture

On January 25, 2013, the Company formed HSRE-Campus Crest IX Real Estate Venture (“evo at Cira”), a joint venture among the Company and two unaffiliated third parties: Campus Crest Properties, LLC (“Campus Crest”) and HSRE-Campus Crest IXA, LLC (“HSRE”). evo at Cira constructed a 33-story, 850-bed student housing tower located in the University City submarket of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Each of the Company and Campus Crest owns a 30% interest in evo at Cira and HSRE owns a 40% interest. evo at Cira developed the project on a one-acre land parcel held under a long-term ground lease with a third party lessor. The Company contributed to evo at Cira its tenancy rights under a long-term ground lease, together with associated development rights, at an agreed-upon value of $8.5 million.

The Company’s historical cost basis in the development rights that it contributed to the evo at Cira was $4.0 million, thus creating a $4.5 million basis difference at December 31, 2013 between the Company’s initial outside investment basis and its $8.5 million initial equity basis. As this basis difference is not related to a physical land parcel, but rather to development rights to construct evo at Cira, the Company will accrete the basis difference as a reduction of depreciation expense over the life of evo at Cira’s assets.

On March 2, 2016, the Company paid $12.8 million of cash and HSRE paid $6.6 million of cash to purchase Campus Crest’s entire 30% interest in evo at Cira and, as a result, each of the Company and HSRE owns a 50% interest in evo at Cira. Subsequent to the transaction, the Company’s investment basis in evo at Cira is $28.3 million. In conjunction with the purchase, the Company and HSRE entered into an amended and restated operating agreement to govern their rights and obligations as sole members of evo at Cira.

On June 10, 2016, evo at Cira refinanced its $97.8 million construction facility maturing July 25, 2016 with a $117.0 million term loan bearing interest at LIBOR + 2.25% capped at a total maximum interest of 5.25% and maturing on October 31, 2019, with options to extend the term to June 30, 2021. evo at Cira received an advance of $105.0 million at closing. The additional $12.0 million capacity under the term loan may be funded if certain criteria relating to the operating performance of the student housing tower are met. The term loan is secured by a leasehold mortgage that holds absolute assignment of leases and rents. Subsequent to refinancing and the receipt of amounts in escrow under the construction loan, evo at Cira distributed $6.3 million to the Company.

The Company accounted for its investment in evo at Cira under the equity method of accounting. Based upon the reconsideration event caused by the refinancing of evo at Cira’s construction facility, the Company reassessed its consolidation conclusion. The Company determined that this Real Estate Venture is no longer a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs because evo at Cira, through the refinancing of the construction facility and without further support from the Company or HSRE, demonstrated that it has sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities. As a result, the Company used the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate evo at Cira. Based upon each member's substantive participating rights over the activities that significantly impact the operations and revenues of evo at Cira under the operating agreement and related agreements, evo at Cira is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of this transaction, the Company did not gain a controlling financial interest over evo at Cira; therefore, it was not required to remeasure its previously held equity interest to fair value at the date that it acquired the additional equity interest.

MAP Venture

On February 4, 2016, Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P., together with subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, entered into a series of related transactions (the “Och-Ziff Sale”) with affiliates of Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC (“Och-Ziff”) that resulted in the disposition by the Company of 58 office properties that contain an aggregate of 3,924,783 square feet for an aggregate purchase price of $398.1 million. The 58 properties are located in the Pennsylvania Suburbs, New Jersey/Delaware, Metropolitan Washington, D.C. and Richmond, Virginia. The related transactions involved: (i) the sale by the Company to MAP Fee Owner LLC, an affiliate of Och-Ziff (the “O-Z Land Purchaser”), of 100% of the Company’s fee interests in the land parcels (the “Land Parcels”) underlying the 58 office properties, together with rights to be the lessor under long-term ground leases (the “Ground Leases”) covering the Land Parcels and; (ii) the Company’s formation of MAP Ground Lease Venture LLC (the “MAP Venture”) with MAP Ground Lease Holdings LLC, an affiliate of Och-Ziff (the “O-Z Venture Partner”), (iii) the Company’s sale to MAP Venture of the office buildings and related improvements (the “Buildings”) situated on the Land Parcels; and (iv) the retention of a 50% non-controlling equity interest in the MAP Venture.

The MAP Venture leases the Land Parcels from O-Z Land Purchaser through a ground lease that extends through February 2115. Annual payments by the MAP Venture, as tenant under the Ground Leases, initially total $11.9 million and increase 2.5% annually through November 2025.

At closing on February 4, 2016, the MAP Venture obtained a third party non-recourse debt financing of approximately $180.8 million secured by mortgages on the Buildings of the MAP Venture.

As a result of this transaction, the Company received $354.0 million in proceeds and maintain a 50% ownership interest in the MAP Venture valued as of February 4, 2016 at $25.2 million, which holds the leasehold interest in the Buildings. The MAP Venture was formed as a limited liability company in which the Company has been designated as the Managing Member. In addition, through an affiliate, the Company provides property management services at the Buildings on behalf of the MAP Venture for a market based management fee.

The Company has determined that the MAP Venture is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for consolidation of VIE’s. As a result, the Company used the VIE model under the accounting standard for consolidations to determine if it will consolidate the MAP Venture. Based on the provisions in the limited liability company agreement, the Company determined that it shares with O-Z Venture Partner the power to control the activities that most significantly impact the economics of the MAP Venture. Since control is shared, the Buildings were deconsolidated by the Company and accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The Company is not required to fund the operating losses of the MAP Venture. Accordingly, it can only incur losses equal to its investment basis in the MAP Venture.

The Company has determined that this transaction does not represent a significant shift in the Company’s operations that has a major impact on the Company’s economic performance. As a result, the properties are not classified as discontinued operations on the consolidated financial statements.

Coppell Associates

On January 29, 2016, the Company sold its entire 50% interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as Coppell Associates. The proceeds to the Company, net of closing costs and related debt payoff, were $4.6 million. The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in Coppell Associates was a $1.1 million liability at the sale date, resulting in a $5.7 million gain on sale of its interest in the real estate venture. The investment was in a liability position because the Company, as a general partner, was required to fund losses of Coppell Associates. The negative investment balance represented the Company’s share of unfunded cumulative losses incurred in excess of its investment basis as of the date of sale.

Residence Inn Tower Bridge

On December 30, 2015, the Company sold its entire 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as Residence Inn Tower Bridge (the “Residence Inn”). The proceeds to the Company, net of closing costs and related debt payoff, were $6.1 million. The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in the Residence Inn amounted to $0.9 million at the sale date, resulting in a $5.2 million gain on sale of its interest in the Real Estate Venture.

JBG Ventures

On May 29, 2015, the Company and an unaffiliated third party, JBG/DC Manager, LLC ("JBG"), formed 51 N 50 Patterson, Holdings, LLC Venture ("51 N Street") and 1250 First Street Office, LLC Venture ("1250 First Street"), as real estate ventures, with the Company owning a 70.0% interest and JBG owning a 30.0% interest in each of the two ventures. At formation, the Company and JBG made cash contributions of $15.2 million and $6.5 million, respectively, to 51 N Street, which was used to purchase 0.9 acres of undeveloped land. At formation, the Company and JBG made cash capital contributions of $13.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to 1250 First Street, which was used to purchase 0.5 acres of undeveloped land.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of each of the two ventures with JBG, the Company determined that each venture is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the JBG Ventures. JBG is the managing member of the ventures, and pursuant to the operating and related agreements, major decisions require the approval of both members. Based upon each member's shared power over the activities of each of the two ventures, which most significantly impact the economics of the ventures, neither venture is consolidated by the Company. Each venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Broadmoor Austin Associates

On June 22, 2015, the Company became the sole owner of Broadmoor Austin Associates upon the Company's acquisition from an unaffiliated third party of the remaining 50.0% ownership interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates. Broadmoor Austin Associates owns seven office buildings in Austin, Texas. See Note 3, "Real Estate Investments," for further information.

25 M Street (Akridge)

On May 12, 2015, the Company contributed the parcel of land purchased on April 9, 2015 into a newly formed real estate venture known as 25 M Street, a joint venture between the Company and Akridge, an unaffiliated third party. See Note 3, "Real Estate Investments," for further information.

Based on the facts and circumstances at formation of 25 M Street, the Company determined that 25 M Street is a variable interest entity (VIE) in accordance with the accounting standard for consolidation of VIEs. Accordingly, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate 25 M Street. Under the operating and related agreements the Company has the power to control substantially all of the activities which most significantly impact the economics of 25 M Street, and accordingly, 25 M Street is consolidated within the Company’s financial statements. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value of the project, which is included in the land held for development caption of the consolidated balance sheets, was $22.4 million and $20.5 million, respectively.

DRA - PA Venture

On December 19, 2007, the Company formed G&I Interchange Office LLC, a real estate venture (the “Interchange Venture”), with an unaffiliated third party, G&I VI Investment Interchange Office LLC (“G&I VI”), an investment vehicle advised by DRA Advisors LLC. The Interchange Venture owned 29 office properties containing an aggregate of 1,611,961 net rentable square feet located in Montgomery, Lehigh and Bucks counties, Pennsylvania. The Company contributed these 29 properties to the Interchange Venture upon the Interchange Venture's formation and in exchange for the contribution received a cash distribution from the Venture and a 20.0% ownership interest in the Interchange Venture.

On February 27, 2015, the Interchange Venture entered into a forbearance agreement with an unaffiliated lender that held a nonrecourse mortgage on the Venture's assets. The loan matured on January 1, 2015. On August 12, 2015, the lender sold the properties to an unaffiliated third-party purchaser under the forbearance agreement and assumed the proceeds. Commensurate with the sale, the Interchange Venture was dissolved.

1919 Ventures

On January 20, 2011, the Company acquired a one acre parcel of land in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $9.3 million. The Company thereafter contributed the acquired land into a then newly-formed general partnership, referred to below as “1919 Ventures” in return for a 50.0% general partner interest, with the remaining 50.0% interest owned by an unaffiliated third party, who contributed cash in exchange for its interest. On October 15, 2014, the Company acquired the 50% interest of the unaffiliated third party at fair value, which approximates carrying value. No remeasurement gain or loss on the Company’s previous investment was recorded at that time.

On October 21, 2014, the Company admitted an unaffiliated third party, LCOR/CalSTRS (“LCOR”) into 1919 Ventures, for $8.2 million, representing a 50% interest and, reflecting an agreed upon $16.4 million valuation of the land and improvements incurred by the Company on behalf of 1919 Ventures. After giving effect to settlement date contributions, distributions and credits, the Company and LCOR had each made, as of October 21, 2014, an additional $5.2 million capital contribution to 1919 Ventures for closing costs and development. See Item 1., “Developments – 1919 Ventures” for an overview of the development project currently in process.

As of December 31, 2016, $79.3 million was outstanding on the construction loan and equity contributions of $29.6 million had been funded by each of the Company and LCOR.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of 1919 Ventures, the Company determined that 1919 Ventures is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs since the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support. The initial equity contributed to this entity was not sufficient to fully finance the real estate construction as development costs are funded by the partners throughout the construction period. The Company determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of this VIE based on the fact that the Company has shared control of this entity along with the entity’s partner and therefore does not have controlling financial interests in this VIE.

Austin Venture

On October 16, 2013, the Company contributed a portfolio of seven office properties containing an aggregate of 1,398,826 rentable square feet located in Austin, Texas (the “Austin Properties”) to a newly-formed joint venture (the “Austin Venture”) with G&I VII Austin Office LLC (“DRA”). DRA and the Company, based on arm’s-length negotiation, agreed to an aggregate gross sales price of $330.0 million subject to an obligation on the Company’s part to fund the first $5.2 million of post-closing capital expenditures, of which $0.8 million was funded by the Company during 2013 and the remaining $4.4 million was funded by the Company during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014.

DRA owns a 50% interest in the Austin Venture and the Company owns a 50% interest in the Austin Venture, subject to the Company’s right to receive up to an additional 10% of distributions.

At the closing the Austin Venture incurred third party debt financing of approximately $230.6 million secured by mortgages on the Austin Properties and used proceeds of this financing together with $49.7 million of cash contributions by DRA (less $1.9 million of closing costs and $6.9 million of closing prorations and lender holdbacks) to fund a $271.5 million distribution to the Company. The Company agreed to fund the first $5.2 million of post-closing capital expenditures on behalf of the Austin Venture, resulting in net proceeds of $266.3 million after funding the Company’s capital expenditure obligation. As part of the transaction, the Company’s subsidiary management company executed an agreement with the Austin Venture to provide property management and leasing services to the Austin Venture in exchange for a market-based fee.

The Company measured its equity interest at fair value based on the fair value of the Austin Properties and the distribution provisions of the real estate venture agreement. Since the Company retains a non-controlling interest in the Austin Properties and there are no other facts and circumstances that preclude the consummation of a sale, the contribution qualifies as a partial sale of real estate under the relevant guidance for sales of real estate. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a gain of approximately $25.9 million, which is reflected in “Net gain (loss) on real estate venture transactions” on the accompanying statement of operations.

On April 3, 2014, the Company contributed two three-story, Class A office buildings, commonly known as “Four Points Centre,” containing an aggregate of 192,396 net rentable square feet in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture. See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments,” for further information on the contribution.

On July 31, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired the Crossings at Lakeline, comprised of two three-story buildings containing an aggregate of 232,274 rentable square feet located in Austin, Texas for $48.2 million. The transaction was funded with $34.5 million of proceeds of a 3.87% fixed rate mortgage loan from a non-affiliated institutional lender and $12.8 million (net of $0.9 million in purchase adjustments) of cash capital contributions, with $6.4 million made by each of DRA and the Company. The Austin Venture expensed approximately $0.1 million of transaction costs to acquire the property, net of $0.6 million credit from the seller.

On October 17, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired River Place, comprised of seven Class A office buildings containing 590,881 rentable square feet located in Austin, Texas for $128.1 million. The transaction was funded through a combination of an $88.0 million short-term loan, secured by a mortgage, made by the Company to the Austin Venture and cash capital contributions of $18.9 million made by each of DRA and the Company to the Austin Venture. The short-term financing was provided by the Company while the Austin Venture secured permanent financing. As of December 31, 2014, the Company accounted the short-term financing as a note receivable. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for the Company’s accounting treatment. On January 30, 2015, the Austin Venture closed on a mortgage loan with a non-affiliated institutional lender, and used the proceeds of the loan to repay in full an $88.0 million short-term secured loan made by the Company to fund costs of the Austin Venture's acquisition of River Place. The Austin Venture expensed approximately $0.2 million of transaction costs to acquire the property.

On December 31, 2015, the Company contributed two newly constructed four-story, Class A office buildings, commonly known as “Encino Trace,” containing an aggregate of approximately 320,000 square feet in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture. See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments,” for further information on the contribution.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of the Austin Venture, the Company determined that the Austin Venture is not a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. As a result, the Company used the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the Austin Venture. Based upon each member’s substantive participating rights over the activities of the Austin Venture under the operating and related agreements of the Austin Venture, it is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The reconsideration event caused by the Company’s contribution of Encino Trace to the Austin Venture did not change the conclusion reached at formation, as the Austin Venture is operating under the same operating and related agreements and the economics are unchanged.

4040 Wilson Venture

On July 31, 2013, the Company formed 4040 Wilson LLC Venture (“4040 Wilson”) a joint venture between the Company and Ashton Park Associates LLC (“Ashton Park”), an unaffiliated third party. Each of the Company and Ashton Park owns a 50% interest in 4040 Wilson. 4040 Wilson expects to construct a 426,000 square foot office representing the final phase of the eight building, mixed-use, Liberty Center complex developed by the parent company of Ashton Park in the Ballston submarket of Arlington, Virginia. 4040 Wilson expects to develop the office building on a 1.3-acre land parcel contributed by Ashton Park to 4040 Wilson at an agreed upon value of $36.0 million. The total estimated project costs are $202.0 million, which the Company expects will be financed through approximately $72.0 million of partner capital contributions (consisting of $36.0 million in cash from the Company, of which $35.6 million has been funded to date, and land with a value of $36.0 million from Ashton Park), with the remaining balance funded by debt financing through a construction lender that has not yet been determined. During the second quarter of 2015, 4040 Wilson completed the construction of the garage structure. The Company expects groundbreaking on the building structure to commence upon achievement of certain pre-leasing levels, at which point 4040 Wilson expects to obtain debt financing for the remainder of the project costs.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of 4040 Wilson, the Company determined that 4040 Wilson is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate 4040 Wilson. Based upon each member’s shared power over the activities of 4040 Wilson under the operating and related agreements of 4040 Wilson, and the Company’s lack of control over the development and construction phases of the project, 4040 Wilson is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s unconsolidated real estate ventures had aggregate indebtedness to third parties of $997.5 million. These loans are generally mortgage or construction loans, most of which are non-recourse to the Company. As of December 31, 2016, the loans for which there is recourse to the Company consists of the following: (i) a $52.5 million payment guaranty on the term loan for evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the $56.0 million construction loan for TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; (iii) a joint and several cost overrun guaranty on the $88.9 million construction loan for the development project being undertaken by 1919 Market Street LP; and (iv) a $0.4 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII. On January 31, 2017, the Company sold its 50% interest in TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments, L.P. and the Company’s $3.2 million guarantee was cancelled. See Note 21, “Subsequent Events,” to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

In addition, during construction undertaken by real estate ventures, the Company has provided and expects to continue to provide cost overrun and completion guarantees, with rights of contribution among partners or members in the real estate ventures, as well as customary environmental indemnities and guarantees of customary exceptions to nonrecourse provisions in loan agreements.