UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019.
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________.

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-14703

NBT BANCORP INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware
  
16-1268674
(State of Incorporation)
  
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

52 South Broad Street, Norwich, New York 13815
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (607) 337-2265

None
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of class
  
Trading Symbol(s)
  
Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
 
NBTB
 
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large accelerated filer ☒
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of July 31, 2019, there were 43,777,233 shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share.



NBT BANCORP INC.
FORM 10-Q-Quarter Ended June 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1
Financial Statements
  
     
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
3
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
4
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
5
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
6
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
7
     
 
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
9
     
Item 2
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
37
     
Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
50
     
Item 4
Controls and Procedures
50
     
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
  
     
Item 1
Legal Proceedings
51
Item 1A
Risk Factors
51
Item 2
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
51
Item 3
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
51
Item 4
Mine Safety Disclosures
51
Item 5
Other Information
51
Item 6
Exhibits
52
     
SIGNATURES
  
53


Table of Contents

Item 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

  
June 30,
    
December 31,
  
   
2019
    
2018
  
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
            
Assets
            
Cash and due from banks
  
$
150,154
    
$
175,550
  
Short-term interest bearing accounts
    
39,278
      
5,405
  
Equity securities, at fair value
    
26,298
      
23,053
  
Securities available for sale, at fair value
    
979,696
      
998,496
  
Securities held to maturity (fair value $754,995 and $778,675, respectively)
    
744,601
      
783,599
  
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    
45,996
      
53,229
  
Loans held for sale
    
15,662
      
6,943
  
Loans
    
6,963,273
      
6,887,709
  
Less allowance for loan losses
    
72,165
      
72,505
  
Net loans
  
$
6,891,108
    
$
6,815,204
  
Premises and equipment, net
    
76,652
      
78,970
  
Goodwill
    
274,769
      
274,769
  
Intangible assets, net
    
13,738
      
15,599
  
Bank owned life insurance
    
180,042
      
177,479
  
Other assets
    
197,724
      
148,067
  
Total assets
  
$
9,635,718
    
$
9,556,363
  
Liabilities
                
Demand (noninterest bearing)
  
$
2,336,776
    
$
2,361,099
  
Savings, NOW and money market
    
4,280,363
      
4,076,434
  
Time
    
976,567
      
930,678
  
Total deposits
  
$
7,593,706
    
$
7,368,211
  
Short-term borrowings
    
609,366
      
871,696
  
Long-term debt
    
84,267
      
73,724
  
Junior subordinated debt
    
101,196
      
101,196
  
Other liabilities
    
172,360
      
123,627
  
Total liabilities
  
$
8,560,895
    
$
8,538,454
  
Stockholders’ equity
                
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 2,500,000 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
  
$
-
    
$
-
  
Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 100,000,000 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; issued 49,651,493 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
    
497
      
497
  
Additional paid-in-capital
    
575,794
      
575,466
  
Retained earnings
    
658,107
      
621,203
  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    
(25,036
)
    
(43,174
)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 5,882,082 and 5,978,527 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
    
(134,539
)
    
(136,083
)
Total stockholders’ equity
  
$
1,074,823
    
$
1,017,909
  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  
$
9,635,718
    
$
9,556,363
  

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents
NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)

  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
(In thousands, except per share data)
                        
Interest, fee and dividend income
                        
Interest and fees on loans
  
$
81,271
    
$
74,172
    
$
160,592
    
$
144,615
  
Securities available for sale
    
6,031
      
7,003
      
11,953
      
13,929
  
Securities held to maturity
    
5,089
      
2,811
      
10,306
      
5,436
  
Other
    
842
      
781
      
1,726
      
1,547
  
Total interest, fee and dividend income
  
$
93,233
    
$
84,767
    
$
184,577
    
$
165,527
  
Interest expense
                                
Deposits
  
$
10,234
    
$
5,079
    
$
19,060
    
$
9,010
  
Short-term borrowings
    
2,760
      
2,455
      
5,997
      
4,421
  
Long-term debt
    
471
      
452
      
893
      
928
  
Junior subordinated debt
    
1,141
      
1,040
      
2,309
      
1,941
  
Total interest expense
  
$
14,606
    
$
9,026
    
$
28,259
    
$
16,300
  
Net interest income
  
$
78,627
    
$
75,741
    
$
156,318
    
$
149,227
  
Provision for loan losses
    
7,277
      
8,778
      
13,084
      
16,274
  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  
$
71,350
    
$
66,963
    
$
143,234
    
$
132,953
  
Noninterest income
                                
Insurance and other financial services revenue
  
$
5,938
    
$
5,826
    
$
12,694
    
$
12,330
  
Service charges on deposit accounts
    
4,224
      
4,246
      
8,460
      
8,218
  
ATM and debit card fees
    
6,156
      
5,816
      
11,681
      
11,089
  
Retirement plan administration fees
    
7,836
      
7,296
      
15,570
      
12,635
  
Trust
    
4,731
      
5,265
      
9,282
      
10,143
  
Bank owned life insurance
    
1,186
      
1,217
      
2,563
      
2,564
  
Net securities (losses) gains
    
(69
)
    
91
      
(12
)
    
163
  
Other
    
4,239
      
4,401
      
7,824
      
8,293
  
Total noninterest income
  
$
34,241
    
$
34,158
    
$
68,062
    
$
65,435
  
Noninterest expense
                                
Salaries and employee benefits
  
$
38,567
    
$
37,726
    
$
77,923
    
$
74,293
  
Occupancy
    
5,443
      
5,535
      
11,718
      
11,654
  
Data processing and communications
    
4,693
      
4,508
      
9,107
      
8,787
  
Professional fees and outside services
    
3,359
      
3,336
      
7,027
      
6,828
  
Equipment
    
4,518
      
4,151
      
9,275
      
8,189
  
Office supplies and postage
    
1,577
      
1,504
      
3,168
      
3,077
  
FDIC expenses
    
949
      
1,092
      
1,966
      
2,293
  
Advertising
    
641
      
700
      
1,144
      
1,037
  
Amortization of intangible assets
    
893
      
1,096
      
1,861
      
2,010
  
Loan collection and other real estate owned, net
    
961
      
908
      
1,746
      
2,245
  
Other
    
4,630
      
4,332
      
9,756
      
8,747
  
Total noninterest expense
  
$
66,231
    
$
64,888
    
$
134,691
    
$
129,160
  
Income before income tax expense
  
$
39,360
    
$
36,233
    
$
76,605
    
$
69,228
  
Income tax expense
    
8,805
      
8,112
      
16,923
      
15,121
  
Net income
  
$
30,555
    
$
28,121
    
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Earnings per share
                                
Basic
  
$
0.70
    
$
0.64
    
$
1.36
    
$
1.24
  
Diluted
  
$
0.69
    
$
0.64
    
$
1.35
    
$
1.23
  

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

4
Table of Contents
NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
(In thousands)
                        
Net income
  
$
30,555
    
$
28,121
    
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                                
                                 
Securities available for sale:
                                
Unrealized net holding gains (losses) arising during the period, gross
  
$
13,391
    
$
(5,353
)
  
$
24,427
    
$
(20,807
)
Tax effect
    
(3,348
)
    
1,338
      
(6,107
)
    
5,202
  
Unrealized net holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net
  
$
10,043
    
$
(4,015
)
  
$
18,320
    
$
(15,605
)
                                 
Reclassification adjustment for net losses in net income, gross
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
99
    
$
-
  
Tax effect
    
-
      
-
      
(25
)
    
-
  
Reclassification adjustment for net losses in net income, net
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
74
    
$
-
  
                                 
Amortization of unrealized net gains for the reclassification of available for sale securities to held to maturity, gross
  
$
199
    
$
177
    
$
366
    
$
365
  
Tax effect
    
(50
)
    
(44
)
    
(92
)
    
(91
)
Amortization of unrealized net gains for the reclassification of available for sale securities to held to maturity, net
  
$
149
    
$
133
    
$
274
    
$
274
  
                                 
Total securities available for sale, net
  
$
10,192
    
$
(3,882
)
  
$
18,668
    
$
(15,331
)
                                 
Cash flow hedges:
                                
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives (cash flow hedges), gross
  
$
(314
)
  
$
424
    
$
(484
)
  
$
1,472
  
Tax effect
    
78
      
(106
)
    
121
      
(368
)
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives (cash flow hedges), net
  
$
(236
)
  
$
318
    
$
(363
)
  
$
1,104
  
                                 
Reclassification of net unrealized (gains) on cash flow hedges to interest (income), gross
  
$
(738
)
  
$
(540
)
  
$
(1,537
)
  
$
(899
)
Tax effect
    
185
      
135
      
385
      
225
  
Reclassification of net unrealized (gains) on cash flow hedges to interest (income), net
  
$
(553
)
  
$
(405
)
  
$
(1,152
)
  
$
(674
)
                                 
Total cash flow hedges, net
  
$
(789
)
  
$
(87
)
  
$
(1,515
)
  
$
430
  
                                 
Pension and other benefits:
                                
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial losses, gross
  
$
657
    
$
295
    
$
1,313
    
$
590
  
Tax effect
    
(164
)
    
(74
)
    
(328
)
    
(148
)
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial losses, net
  
$
493
    
$
221
    
$
985
    
$
442
  
                                 
Total pension and other benefits, net
  
$
493
    
$
221
    
$
985
    
$
442
  
                                 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
  
$
9,896
    
$
(3,748
)
  
$
18,138
    
$
(14,459
)
Comprehensive income
  
$
40,451
    
$
24,373
    
$
77,820
    
$
39,648
  

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.


5
Table of Contents
NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)

  
Common
Stock
    
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
    
Retained
Earnings
    
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
    
Common
Stock in
Treasury
    
Total
  
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
                                    
Balance at March 31, 2019
  
$
497
    
$
575,944
    
$
627,556
    
$
(34,932
)
  
$
(135,010
)
  
$
1,034,055
  
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
30,555
      
-
      
-
      
30,555
  
Cash dividends - $0.00 per share
    
-
      
-
      
(4
)
    
-
      
-
      
(4
)
Net issuance of 29,525 shares to employee and other stock plans
    
-
      
(713
)
    
-
      
-
      
471
      
(242
)
Stock-based compensation
    
-
      
563
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
563
  
Other comprehensive income
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
9,896
      
-
      
9,896
  
Balance at June 30, 2019
  
$
497
    
$
575,794
    
$
658,107
    
$
(25,036
)
  
$
(134,539
)
  
$
1,074,823
  
                                                 
Balance at March 31, 2018
  
$
497
    
$
574,626
    
$
555,783
    
$
(40,991
)
  
$
(137,185
)
  
$
952,730
  
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
28,121
      
-
      
-
      
28,121
  
Cumulative effect adjustment for ASU 2016-01 implementation
    
-
      
-
      
1,143
      
(17
)
    
-
      
1,126
  
Cash dividends - $0.00 per share
    
-
      
-
      
(3
)
    
-
      
-
      
(3
)
Net issuance of 31,546 shares to employee and other stock plans
    
-
      
(385
)
    
-
      
-
      
588
      
203
  
Stock-based compensation
    
-
      
500
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
500
  
Other comprehensive (loss)
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
(3,748
)
    
-
      
(3,748
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
  
$
497
    
$
574,741
    
$
585,044
    
$
(44,756
)
  
$
(136,597
)
  
$
978,929
  

 
Common
Stock
    
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
    
Retained
Earnings
    
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
    
Common
Stock in
Treasury
    
Total
  
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
                                    
Balance at December 31, 2018
  
$
497
    
$
575,466
    
$
621,203
    
$
(43,174
)
  
$
(136,083
)
  
$
1,017,909
  
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
59,682
      
-
      
-
      
59,682
  
Cash dividends - $0.52 per share
    
-
      
-
      
(22,778
)
    
-
      
-
      
(22,778
)
Net issuance of 96,445 shares to employee and other stock plans
    
-
      
(2,812
)
    
-
      
-
      
1,544
      
(1,268
)
Stock-based compensation
    
-
      
3,140
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
3,140
  
Other comprehensive income
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
18,138
      
-
      
18,138
  
Balance at June 30, 2019
  
$
497
    
$
575,794
    
$
658,107
    
$
(25,036
)
  
$
(134,539
)
  
$
1,074,823
  
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2017
  
$
497
    
$
574,209
    
$
543,713
    
$
(22,077
)
  
$
(138,165
)
  
$
958,177
  
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
54,107
      
-
      
-
      
54,107
  
Cumulative effect adjustment for ASU 2016-01 implementation
    
-
      
-
      
2,618
      
(2,645
)
    
-
      
(27
)
Cumulative effect adjustment for ASU 2018-02 implementation
    
-
      
-
      
5,575
      
(5,575
)
    
-
      
-
  
Cash dividends - $0.48 per share
    
-
      
-
      
(20,969
)
    
-
      
-
      
(20,969
)
Net issuance of 104,390 shares to employee and other stock plans
    
-
      
(2,422
)
    
-
      
-
      
1,568
      
(854
)
Stock-based compensation
    
-
      
2,954
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
2,954
  
Other comprehensive (loss)
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
(14,459
)
    
-
      
(14,459
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
  
$
497
    
$
574,741
    
$
585,044
    
$
(44,756
)
  
$
(136,597
)
  
$
978,929
  

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

6
Table of Contents
NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

  
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2019
    
2018
  
(In thousands)
            
Operating activities
            
Net income
  
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
                
Provision for loan losses
    
13,084
      
16,274
  
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
    
4,732
      
4,644
  
Net amortization on securities
    
1,619
      
2,133
  
Amortization of intangible assets
    
1,861
      
2,010
  
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets
    
3,590
      
-
  
Excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation
    
(311
)
    
(447
)
Stock-based compensation expense
    
3,140
      
2,954
  
Bank owned life insurance income
    
(2,563
)
    
(2,564
)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale
    
65,099
      
49,572
  
Originations of loans held for sale
    
(73,562
)
    
(49,243
)
Net gains on sale of loans held for sale
    
(256
)
    
(87
)
Net security losses (gains)
    
12
      
(163
)
Net gains on sale of other real estate owned
    
(155
)
    
(190
)
Net change in other assets and other liabilities
    
(14,151
)
    
(21,825
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
  
$
61,821
    
$
57,175
  
Investing activities
                
Net cash used in acquisitions
  
$
-
    
$
(7,884
)
Securities available for sale:
                
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns
    
136,764
      
124,873
  
Proceeds from sales
    
26,203
      
-
  
Purchases
    
(120,812
)
    
(98,502
)
Securities held to maturity:
                
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns
    
88,299
      
45,332
  
Purchases
    
(49,482
)
    
(105,531
)
Equity securities:
                
Proceeds from sales
    
-
      
2,623
  
Purchases
    
(34
)
    
-
  
Other:
                
Net increase in loans
    
(89,334
)
    
(288,768
)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank stock redemption
    
98,869
      
123,642
  
Purchases of Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    
(91,636
)
    
(131,159
)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net
    
(2,582
)
    
(2,037
)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned
    
739
      
1,282
  
Net cash used in investing activities
  
$
(3,006
)
  
$
(336,129
)
Financing activities
                
Net increase in deposits
  
$
225,495
    
$
173,813
  
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings
    
(262,330
)
    
134,874
  
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
    
10,598
      
25,000
  
Repayments of long-term debt
    
(55
)
    
(40,091
)
Proceeds from the issuance of shares to employee and other stock plans
    
172
      
881
  
Cash paid by employer for tax-withholdings on stock issuance
    
(1,440
)
    
(1,735
)
Cash dividends
    
(22,778
)
    
(20,969
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
  
$
(50,338
)
  
$
271,773
  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  
$
8,477
    
$
(7,181
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    
180,955
      
159,664
  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  
$
189,432
    
$
152,483
  

7
Table of Contents

  
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2019
    
2018
  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
            
Cash paid during the period for:
            
Interest expense
  
$
27,596
    
$
15,672
  
Income taxes paid, net of refund
    
13,074
      
22,890
  
Noncash investing activities:
                
Loans transferred to other real estate owned
  
$
346
    
$
912
  
Acquisitions:
                
Fair value of assets acquired
  
$
-
    
$
6,274
  

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

8
Table of Contents

NBT Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2019

1.
Description of Business

NBT Bancorp Inc. (the “Registrant” or the “Company”) is a registered financial holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1986, with its principal headquarters located in Norwich, New York. The principal assets of the Registrant consist of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of its subsidiaries, including: NBT Bank, National Association (the “Bank”), NBT Financial Services, Inc. (“NBT Financial”), NBT Holdings, Inc. (“NBT Holdings”), CNBF Capital Trust I, NBT Statutory Trust I, NBT Statutory Trust II, Alliance Financial Capital Trust I and Alliance Financial Capital Trust II (collectively, the “Trusts”). The Company’s principal sources of revenue are the management fees and dividends it receives from the Bank, NBT Financial and NBT Holdings.

The Company’s business, primarily conducted through the Bank, consists of providing commercial banking, retail banking and wealth management services primarily to customers in its market area, which includes central and upstate New York, northeastern Pennsylvania, southern New Hampshire, western Massachusetts, Vermont and the southern coastal Maine area. The Company has been, and intends to continue to be, a community-oriented financial institution offering a variety of financial services. The Company’s business philosophy is to operate as a community bank with local decision-making, providing a broad array of banking and financial services to retail, commercial and municipal customers.

2.
Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Registrant and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank, NBT Financial and NBT Holdings. Collectively, the Registrant and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as “the Company.” The interim data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or any other interim period. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Amounts previously reported in the consolidated financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to current period presentation. The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure and there were none identified.

3.
Securities

The amortized cost, estimated fair value and unrealized gains (losses) of available for sale (“AFS”) securities are as follows:

(In thousands)
  
Amortized
Cost
    
Unrealized
Gains
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Estimated
Fair Value
  
As of June 30, 2019
                        
Federal agency
  
$
52,987
    
$
28
    
$
178
    
$
52,837
  
State & municipal
    
9
      
-
      
-
      
9
  
Mortgage-backed:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
458,878
      
3,624
      
666
      
461,836
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
36,447
      
955
      
11
      
37,391
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
351,250
      
2,210
      
847
      
352,613
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
74,729
      
734
      
453
      
75,010
  
Total AFS securities
  
$
974,300
    
$
7,551
    
$
2,155
    
$
979,696
  
As of December 31, 2018
                                
Federal agency
  
$
84,982
    
$
10
    
$
693
    
$
84,299
  
State & municipal
    
30,136
      
16
      
237
      
29,915
  
Mortgage-backed:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
493,225
      
439
      
10,354
      
483,310
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
29,190
      
270
      
475
      
28,985
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
332,409
      
344
      
7,211
      
325,542
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
47,684
      
137
      
1,376
      
46,445
  
Total AFS securities
  
$
1,017,626
    
$
1,216
    
$
20,346
    
$
998,496
  

9
Table of Contents
The components of net realized gains (losses) on the sale of AFS securities are as follows. These amounts were reclassified out of AOCI and into earnings. There were no sales of AFS securities during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.


 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Gross realized gains
  
$
53
    
$
-
  
Gross realized (losses)
    
(152
)
    
-
  
Net AFS realized (losses)
  
$
(99
)
  
$
-
  

Included in net gains (losses) from sale transactions, the Company recorded gains from calls on AFS securities of approximately $4 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019. There were no recorded gains from calls on AFS securities included in net gains (losses) from sales transactions for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

The amortized cost, estimated fair value and unrealized gains (losses) of held to maturity (“HTM”) securities are as follows:

(In thousands)
  
Amortized
Cost
    
Unrealized
Gains
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Estimated
Fair Value
  
As of June 30, 2019
                        
Federal agency
  
$
19,996
    
$
46
    
$
-
    
$
20,042
  
Mortgage-backed:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
163,049
      
2,334
      
484
      
164,899
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
14,530
      
921
      
-
      
15,451
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
232,825
      
2,712
      
539
      
234,998
  
    U.S. government agency securities
    
103,457
      
3,303
      
-
      
106,760
  
State & municipal
    
210,744
      
2,177
      
76
      
212,845
  
Total HTM securities
  
$
744,601
    
$
11,493
    
$
1,099
    
$
754,995
  
As of December 31, 2018
                                
Federal agency
  
$
19,995
    
$
52
    
$
-
    
$
20,047
  
Mortgage-backed:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
164,618
      
712
      
2,773
      
162,557
  
U.S. government agency securities
    
15,230
      
403
      
-
      
15,633
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                                
Government-sponsored enterprises
    
257,475
      
1,097
      
3,897
      
254,675
  
   U.S. government agency securities
    
83,148
      
767
      
-
      
83,915
  
State & municipal
    
243,133
      
331
      
1,616
      
241,848
  
Total HTM securities
  
$
783,599
    
$
3,362
    
$
8,286
    
$
778,675
  

AFS and HTM securities with amortized costs totaling $1.4 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2018 were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law. Additionally, at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, AFS and HTM securities with an amortized cost of $197.4 million and $215.3 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for securities sold under repurchase agreements.

10
Table of Contents
The following table sets forth information with regard to investment securities with unrealized losses segregated according to the length of time the securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position:


 
Less Than 12 Months
    
12 Months or Longer
    
Total
  
(In thousands)
  
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Number
of
Positions
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Number
of
Positions
    
Fair
Value
    
Unrealized
Losses
    
Number
of
Positions
  
As of June 30, 2019
                                                      
AFS securities:
                                                      
Federal agency
  
$
-
    
$
-
      
-
    
$
9,822
    
$
(178
)
    
1
    
$
9,822
    
$
(178
)
    
1
  
Mortgage-backed
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
137,139
      
(677
)
    
44
      
137,139
      
(677
)
    
44
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
4,342
      
(10
)
    
2
      
167,735
      
(1,290
)
    
39
      
172,077
      
(1,300
)
    
41
  
Total securities with unrealized losses
  
$
4,342
    
$
(10
)
    
2
    
$
314,696
    
$
(2,145
)
    
84
    
$
319,038
    
$
(2,155
)
    
86
  
                                                                         
HTM securities:
                                                                        
Mortgage-backed
  
$
-
    
$
-
      
-
    
$
40,748
    
$
(484
)
    
4
    
$
40,748
    
$
(484
)
    
4
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
4,561
      
(75
)
    
1
      
29,546
      
(464
)
    
6
      
34,107
      
(539
)
    
7
  
State & municipal
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
8,590
      
(76
)
    
14
      
8,590
      
(76
)
    
14
  
Total securities with unrealized losses
  
$
4,561
    
$
(75
)
    
1
    
$
78,884
    
$
(1,024
)
    
24
    
$
83,445
    
$
(1,099
)
    
25
  
                                                                         
As of December 31, 2018
                                                                        
AFS securities:
                                                                        
Federal agency
  
$
-
    
$
-
      
-
    
$
64,294
    
$
(693
)
    
6
    
$
64,294
    
$
(693
)
    
6
  
State & municipal
    
1,715
      
(3
)
    
3
      
22,324
      
(234
)
    
35
      
24,039
      
(237
)
    
38
  
Mortgage-backed
    
18,462
      
(65
)
    
12
      
428,440
      
(10,764
)
    
101
      
446,902
      
(10,829
)
    
113
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
12,118
      
(69
)
    
5
      
320,908
      
(8,518
)
    
62
      
333,026
      
(8,587
)
    
67
  
Total securities with unrealized losses
  
$
32,295
    
$
(137
)
    
20
    
$
835,966
    
$
(20,209
)
    
204
    
$
868,261
    
$
(20,346
)
    
224
  
                                                                         
HTM securities:
                                                                        
Mortgage-backed
  
$
-
    
$
-
      
-
    
$
82,579
    
$
(2,773
)
    
6
    
$
82,579
    
$
(2,773
)
    
6
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
4,386
      
(7
)
    
2
      
145,396
      
(3,890
)
    
26
      
149,782
      
(3,897
)
    
28
  
State & municipal
    
18,907
      
(84
)
    
30
      
58,258
      
(1,532
)
    
86
      
77,165
      
(1,616
)
    
116
  
Total securities with unrealized losses
  
$
23,293
    
$
(91
)
    
32
    
$
286,233
    
$
(8,195
)
    
118
    
$
309,526
    
$
(8,286
)
    
150
  

Declines in the fair value of HTM securities below their amortized cost, less any current period credit loss, that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses or in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). The classification is dependent upon whether the Company intends to sell the security, or whether it is more likely than not, that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery. The other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the OTTI shall be separated into (i) the amount representing the credit loss and (ii) the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss shall be recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors shall be recognized in OCI, net of applicable taxes.

In estimating OTTI losses, management considers, among other things, (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (iii) the historical and implied volatility of the fair value of the security.

Management has the intent to hold the securities classified as HTM until they mature, at which time it is believed the Company will receive full value for the securities. The unrealized losses on HTM debt securities are due to increases in market interest rates over yields at the time the underlying securities were purchased. When necessary, the Company has performed a discounted cash flow analysis to determine whether or not it will receive the contractual principal and interest on certain securities. The fair value is expected to recover as the bond approaches its maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments declines.

11
Table of Contents
Management also has the intent to hold and will not be required to sell, the debt securities classified as AFS for a period of time sufficient for a recovery of cost, which may be until maturity. The unrealized losses on AFS debt securities are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. When necessary, the Company has performed a discounted cash flow analysis to determine whether or not it will receive the contractual principal and interest on certain securities. For AFS debt securities, OTTI losses are recognized in earnings if the Company intends to sell the security. In other cases the Company considers the relevant factors noted above, as well as the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value and whether evidence exists to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the cost basis. Any impairment loss on an equity security is equal to the full difference between the cost basis and the fair value of the security.

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, management believes the impairments detailed in the table above are temporary. There were no OTTI losses realized in the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, or in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The following tables set forth information with regard to gains and losses on equity securities:


 
Three Months Ended June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Net gains and losses recognized on equity securities
  
$
(69
)
  
$
91
  
Less: Net gains and losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period
    
-
      
-
  
Unrealized gains and losses recognized on equity securities still held
  
$
(69
)
  
$
91
  


 
Six Months Ended June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Net gains and losses recognized on equity securities
  
$
87
    
$
163
  
Less: Net gains and losses recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period
    
-
      
44
  
Unrealized gains and losses recognized on equity securities still held
  
$
87
    
$
119
  

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values was $4.0 million. The Company performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether the investments were impaired and identified no areas of concern as of June 30, 2019 and 2018. There were no impairments, downward or upward adjustments recognized for equity securities without readily determinable fair values during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
The following tables set forth information with regard to contractual maturities of debt securities at June 30, 2019:

(In thousands)
  
Amortized
Cost
    
Estimated
Fair Value
  
AFS debt securities:
            
Within one year
  
$
123
    
$
123
  
From one to five years
    
52,233
      
52,196
  
From five to ten years
    
174,204
      
175,628
  
After ten years
    
747,740
      
751,749
  
Total AFS debt securities
  
$
974,300
    
$
979,696
  
HTM debt securities:
                
Within one year
  
$
60,959
    
$
60,959
  
From one to five years
    
67,594
      
68,031
  
From five to ten years
    
190,717
      
193,697
  
After ten years
    
425,331
      
432,308
  
Total HTM debt securities
  
$
744,601
    
$
754,995
  

Maturities of mortgage-backed, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities are stated based on their estimated average lives. Actual maturities may differ from estimated average lives or contractual maturities because, in certain cases, borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Except for U.S. Government securities, there were no holdings, when taken in the aggregate, of any single issuer that exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

12
Table of Contents
4.          Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level estimated by management to provide adequately for probable incurred losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is continuously monitored. It is assessed for appropriateness using a methodology designed to ensure the level of the allowance reasonably reflects the loan portfolio’s risk profile and can absorb all reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

To develop and document a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has divided the loan portfolio into three segments, each with different risk characteristics and methodologies for assessing risk. Those segments are further segregated between our loans accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as “originated” loans) and loans acquired in a business combination (referred to as “acquired” loans). Each portfolio segment is broken down into class segments where appropriate. Class segments contain unique measurement attributes, risk characteristics and methods for monitoring and assessing risk that are necessary to develop the allowance for loan losses. Unique characteristics such as borrower type, loan type, collateral type and risk characteristics define each class segment. The following table illustrates the portfolio and class segments for the Company’s loan portfolio:

Portfolio
Class
Commercial Loans
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Business Banking
Consumer Loans
Dealer Finance
 
Specialty Lending
 
Direct
Residential Real Estate
  

Commercial Loans

The Company offers a variety of Commercial loan products. The Company’s underwriting analysis for commercial loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower’s financial condition and a detailed analysis of the borrower’s underlying cash flows.

Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”) – The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our C&I customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion, equipment purchases, livestock purchases and seasonal crop expenses. These loans are usually collateralized by business assets such as equipment, accounts receivable and perishable agricultural products, which are exposed to industry price volatility. To reduce these risks, management also attempts to obtain personal guarantees of the owners or obtain government loan guarantees to provide further support.

Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) – The Company offers CRE loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial and agricultural properties. These CRE loans are secured by liens on the real estate, which may include both owner occupied and non-owner-occupied properties, such as apartments, commercial structures, health care facilities and other facilities. The Company’s underwriting analysis includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower’s financial condition and a detailed analysis of the borrower’s underlying cash flows. These loans are typically originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property.

Business Banking - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our Business Banking customers including term loans, mortgages and lines of credit. Such loans are generally less than $750 thousand and are made available to businesses for working capital such as inventory and receivables, business expansion, equipment purchases and agricultural needs. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on assets owned by the borrower and can include real estate, equipment, inventory, receivables or other business assets. These loans carry a higher risk than C&I and CRE loans due to the smaller size of the borrower and lower levels of capital.

13
Table of Contents
Consumer Loans

The Company offers a variety of Consumer loan products including Dealer Finance, Specialty Lending and Direct loans.

Dealer Finance – The Company maintains relationships with many dealers primarily in the communities that we serve. Through these relationships, the Company primarily finances the purchases of automobiles indirectly through dealer relationships. Approximately 95% of the Dealer Finance relationships represent automobile financing. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three to six years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of Dealer Finance Consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed.

Specialty Lending – The Company offers unsecured Consumer loans across a national footprint originated through our relationships with national technology-driven consumer lending companies to finance such things as dental and medical procedures, K-12 tuition, solar energy installations and other consumer purpose loans. Advances of credit through this specialty lending business line are subject to the Company’s underwriting standards including criteria such as FICO score and debt to income thresholds.

Direct – The Company offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance vehicle purchases, mobile home purchases and personal expenditures. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit, overdraft protection, home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a lien position on one-to-four family residential real estate) to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses. Most of the consumer installment loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to ten years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. For home equity loans, consumers are able to borrow up to 85% of the equity in their homes. These loans carry a higher risk than first mortgage residential loans as they are often in a second position with respect to collateral. Consumer installment loans are often secured with collateral consisting of a perfected lien on the asset being purchased or a perfected lien on a consumer’s deposit account. Risk is reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower’s financial condition and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.

Residential Real Estate

Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by a first or second mortgage on primary residences. We originate adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of a mortgage. These loans are collateralized by owner-occupied properties located in the Company’s market area. When market conditions are favorable, for longer term, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgages without escrow, the Company retains the servicing, but sells the right to receive principal and interest to Government-sponsored enterprises. This practice allows the Company to manage interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 85% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower) or have private mortgage insurance. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period.

Allowance for Loan Loss Calculation

For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, the Company considers a number of significant factors that affect the collectability of the portfolio. For individually impaired loans, these include estimates of impairment, if any, which reflect the facts and circumstances that affect the likelihood of repayment of such loans as of the evaluation date. For homogeneous pools of loans, estimates of the Company’s exposure to credit loss reflect a current assessment of a number of factors, which could affect collectability. These factors include: past loss experience, size, trend, composition and nature of loans; changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-offs and recoveries; trends experienced in nonperforming and delinquent loans; current economic conditions in the Company’s market; portfolio concentrations that may affect loss experienced across one or more components of the portfolio; the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements; and the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral component of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to make loan grade changes as well as recognize additions to the allowance based on their examinations.

After a thorough consideration of the factors discussed above, any required additions or reductions to the allowance for loan losses are made periodically by charges or credits to the provision for loan losses. These charges are necessary to maintain the allowance at a level that management believes is reflective of overall level of incurred loss in the portfolio. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions and reductions of the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another. These fluctuations are reflective of changes in risk associated with portfolio content or changes in management’s assessment of any or all of the determining factors discussed above.

14
Table of Contents
The following tables illustrate the changes in the allowance for loan losses by our portfolio segments:

(In thousands)
  
Commercial
Loans
    
Consumer
Loans
    
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Balance as of March 31, 2019
  
$
32,159
    
$
36,804
    
$
2,442
    
$
71,405
  
Charge-offs
    
(1,171
)
    
(6,927
)
    
(334
)
    
(8,432
)
Recoveries
    
118
      
1,742
      
55
      
1,915
  
Provision
    
2,046
      
4,915
      
316
      
7,277
  
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2019
  
$
33,152
    
$
36,534
    
$
2,479
    
$
72,165
  
                                 
Balance as of March 31, 2018
  
$
28,190
    
$
36,973
    
$
5,037
    
$
70,200
  
Charge-offs
    
(907
)
    
(7,442
)
    
(208
)
    
(8,557
)
Recoveries
    
183
      
1,700
      
146
      
2,029
  
Provision
    
3,593
      
5,248
      
(63
)
    
8,778
  
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2018
  
$
31,059
    
$
36,479
    
$
4,912
    
$
72,450
  

(In thousands)
  
Commercial
Loans
    
Consumer
Loans
    
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Balance as of December 31, 2018
  
$
32,759
    
$
37,178
    
$
2,568
    
$
72,505
  
Charge-offs
    
(1,918
)
    
(14,360
)
    
(608
)
    
(16,886
)
Recoveries
    
212
      
3,141
      
109
      
3,462
  
Provision
    
2,099
      
10,575
      
410
      
13,084
  
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2019
  
$
33,152
    
$
36,534
    
$
2,479
    
$
72,165
  
                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2017
  
$
27,606
    
$
36,830
    
$
5,064
    
$
69,500
  
Charge-offs
    
(1,712
)
    
(15,129
)
    
(390
)
    
(17,231
)
Recoveries
    
370
      
3,344
      
193
      
3,907
  
Provision
    
4,795
      
11,434
      
45
      
16,274
  
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2018
  
$
31,059
    
$
36,479
    
$
4,912
    
$
72,450
  

For acquired loans, to the extent that we experience deterioration in borrower credit quality resulting in a decrease in our expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition of the loans, an allowance for loan losses is established based on our estimate of incurred losses at the balance sheet date. There was no allowance for loan losses for the acquired loan portfolio as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Net charge-offs related to acquired loans totaled approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are included in the table above.

15
Table of Contents
The following tables illustrate the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment by portfolio segments:


(In thousands)
  
Commercial
Loans
    
Consumer
Loans
    
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
As of June 30, 2019
                        
Allowance for loan losses
  
$
33,152
    
$
36,534
    
$
2,479
    
$
72,165
  
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment
    
11
      
-
      
-
      
11
  
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
$
33,141
    
$
36,534
    
$
2,479
    
$
72,154
  
Ending balance of loans
  
$
3,325,064
    
$
2,234,130
    
$
1,404,079
    
$
6,963,273
  
Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment
    
5,422
      
7,674
      
7,495
      
20,591
  
Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment
    
139,710
      
27,582
      
137,622
      
304,914
  
Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
$
3,179,932
    
$
2,198,874
    
$
1,258,962
    
$
6,637,768
  
                                 
As of December 31, 2018
                                
Allowance for loan losses
  
$
32,759
    
$
37,178
    
$
2,568
    
$
72,505
  
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment
    
25
      
-
      
-
      
25
  
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
$
32,734
    
$
37,178
    
$
2,568
    
$
72,480
  
Ending balance of loans
  
$
3,222,310
    
$
2,284,563
    
$
1,380,836
    
$
6,887,709
  
Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment
    
5,786
      
7,887
      
6,905
      
20,578
  
Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment
    
143,690
      
31,624
      
147,277
      
322,591
  
Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
$
3,072,834
    
$
2,245,052
    
$
1,226,654
    
$
6,544,540
  

Credit Quality of Loans

For all loan classes within the Company’s loan portfolio, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when timely collection of principal and/or interest in accordance with contractual terms is in doubt. Loans are transferred to nonaccrual status generally when principal or interest payments become ninety days delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection or sooner when management concludes circumstances indicate that borrowers may be unable to meet contractual principal or interest payments. When a loan is transferred to a nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued in the current period but not collected is reversed against interest income in that period. Interest accrued in a prior period and not collected is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.

If ultimate repayment of a nonaccrual loan is expected, any payments received are applied in accordance with contractual terms. If ultimate repayment of principal is not expected, any payment received on a nonaccrual loan is applied to principal until ultimate repayment becomes expected. For all loan classes within the Company’s loan portfolio, nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when they become current as to principal and interest and demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms and, in the opinion of management, are fully collectible as to principal and interest. For loans in all portfolios, the principal amount is charged off in full or in part as soon as management determines, based on available facts, that the collection of principal in full or in part is improbable. For Commercial loans, management considers specific facts and circumstances relative to individual credits in making such a determination. For Consumer and Residential Real Estate loan classes, management uses specific guidance and thresholds from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy.

16
Table of Contents
The following tables set forth information with regard to past due and nonperforming loans by loan class:

(In thousands)
  
31-60 Days
Past Due
Accruing
    
61-90 Days
Past Due
Accruing
    
Greater
Than 90
Days Past
Due
Accruing
    
Total Past
Due
Accruing
    
Nonaccrual
    
Current
    
Recorded
Total
Loans
  
As of June 30, 2019
                                          
Originated
                                          
Commercial Loans:
                                          
C&I
  
$
43
    
$
1,100
    
$
-
    
$
1,143
    
$
952
    
$
867,661
    
$
869,756
  
CRE
    
4,791
      
370
      
-
      
5,161
      
4,596
      
1,822,746
      
1,832,503
  
Business Banking
    
1,537
      
295
      
-
      
1,832
      
6,314
      
474,949
      
483,095
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
6,371
    
$
1,765
    
$
-
    
$
8,136
    
$
11,862
    
$
3,165,356
    
$
3,185,354
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                        
Dealer Finance
  
$
11,710
    
$
1,842
    
$
741
    
$
14,293
    
$
1,737
    
$
1,173,640
    
$
1,189,670
  
Specialty Lending
    
3,452
      
1,880
      
1,481
      
6,813
      
-
      
513,161
      
519,974
  
Direct
    
2,554
      
631
      
145
      
3,330
      
2,650
      
490,924
      
496,904
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
17,716
    
$
4,353
    
$
2,367
    
$
24,436
    
$
4,387
    
$
2,177,725
    
$
2,206,548
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
1,225
    
$
830
    
$
-
    
$
2,055
    
$
6,470
    
$
1,257,932
    
$
1,266,457
  
Total Originated Loans
  
$
25,312
    
$
6,948
    
$
2,367
    
$
34,627
    
$
22,719
    
$
6,601,013
    
$
6,658,359
  
                                                         
Acquired
                                                        
Commercial Loans:
                                                        
C&I
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
38
    
$
33,001
    
$
33,039
  
CRE
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
76,362
      
76,362
  
Business Banking
    
441
      
3
      
-
      
444
      
466
      
29,399
      
30,309
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
441
    
$
3
    
$
-
    
$
444
    
$
504
    
$
138,762
    
$
139,710
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                        
Direct
  
$
217
    
$
22
    
$
20
    
$
259
    
$
96
    
$
27,227
    
$
27,582
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
217
    
$
22
    
$
20
    
$
259
    
$
96
    
$
27,227
    
$
27,582
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
648
    
$
488
    
$
-
    
$
1,136
    
$
1,350
    
$
135,136
    
$
137,622
  
Total Acquired Loans
  
$
1,306
    
$
513
    
$
20
    
$
1,839
    
$
1,950
    
$
301,125
    
$
304,914
  
                                                         
Total Loans
  
$
26,618
    
$
7,461
    
$
2,387
    
$
36,466
    
$
24,669
    
$
6,902,138
    
$
6,963,273
  

17
Table of Contents

(In thousands)
  
31-60 Days
Past Due
Accruing
    
61-90 Days
Past Due
Accruing
    
Greater
Than 90
Days Past
Due
Accruing
    
Total Past
Due
Accruing
    
Nonaccrual
    
Current
    
Recorded
Total
Loans
  
As of December 31, 2018
                                          
Originated
                                          
Commercial Loans:
                                          
C&I
  
$
909
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
909
    
$
1,062
    
$
846,148
    
$
848,119
  
CRE
    
1,089
      
-
      
588
      
1,677
      
4,995
      
1,734,558
      
1,741,230
  
Business Banking
    
1,092
      
302
      
-
      
1,394
      
5,974
      
481,903
      
489,271
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
3,090
    
$
302
    
$
588
    
$
3,980
    
$
12,031
    
$
3,062,609
    
$
3,078,620
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                        
Dealer Finance
  
$
14,519
    
$
2,300
    
$
1,186
    
$
18,005
    
$
1,971
    
$
1,196,136
    
$
1,216,112
  
Specialty Lending
    
3,479
      
1,773
      
1,562
      
6,814
      
-
      
518,114
      
524,928
  
Direct
    
2,962
      
1,437
      
552
      
4,951
      
2,592
      
504,356
      
511,899
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
20,960
    
$
5,510
    
$
3,300
    
$
29,770
    
$
4,563
    
$
2,218,606
    
$
2,252,939
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
1,426
    
$
157
    
$
1,182
    
$
2,765
    
$
6,778
    
$
1,224,016
    
$
1,233,559
  
Total Originated Loans
  
$
25,476
    
$
5,969
    
$
5,070
    
$
36,515
    
$
23,372
    
$
6,505,231
    
$
6,565,118
  
                                                         
Acquired
                                                        
Commercial Loans:
                                                        
C&I
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
26,124
    
$
26,124
  
CRE
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
84,492
      
84,492
  
Business Banking
    
466
      
288
      
-
      
754
      
390
      
31,930
      
33,074
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
466
    
$
288
    
$
-
    
$
754
    
$
390
    
$
142,546
    
$
143,690
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                        
Dealer Finance
  
$
1
    
$
1
    
$
-
    
$
2
    
$
-
    
$
30
    
$
32
  
Direct
    
152
      
41
      
15
      
208
      
227
      
31,157
      
31,592
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
153
    
$
42
    
$
15
    
$
210
    
$
227
    
$
31,187
    
$
31,624
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
546
    
$
42
    
$
-
    
$
588
    
$
1,498
    
$
145,191
    
$
147,277
  
Total Acquired Loans
  
$
1,165
    
$
372
    
$
15
    
$
1,552
    
$
2,115
    
$
318,924
    
$
322,591
  
                                                         
Total Loans
  
$
26,641
    
$
6,341
    
$
5,085
    
$
38,067
    
$
25,487
    
$
6,824,155
    
$
6,887,709
  

There were no material commitments to extend further credit to borrowers with nonperforming loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Impaired Loans

The methodology used to establish the allowance for loan losses on impaired loans incorporates specific allocations on loans analyzed individually. Classified loans, including all troubled debt restructured loans (“TDRs”) and nonaccrual Commercial loans that are graded Substandard, Doubtful or Loss, with outstanding balances of $750 thousand or more are evaluated for impairment through the Company’s quarterly status review process. The Company considers Commercial loans less than $750 thousand to be homogeneous loans. In determining that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreements, we consider factors such as payment history and changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, local economic conditions, historical loss experience and the conditions of the various markets in which the collateral may be liquidated. For loans that are identified as impaired, impairment is measured by one of three methods: 1) the fair value of collateral less cost to sell, 2) present value of expected future cash flows or 3) the loan’s observable market price. These impaired loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis for changes in the level of impairment. Impaired amounts are charged off immediately if such amounts are determined by management to be uncollectable. Any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a component of the provision for loan losses.

18
Table of Contents
The following table provides information on loans specifically evaluated for impairment:


 
June 30, 2019
    
December 31, 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Recorded
Investment
Balance
(Book)
    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
(Legal)
    
Related
Allowance
    
Recorded
Investment
Balance
(Book)
    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
(Legal)
    
Related
Allowance
  
Originated
                                    
With no related allowance recorded:
                                    
Commercial Loans:
                                    
C&I
  
$
119
    
$
363
    
$
      
$
228
    
$
497
    
$
    
CRE
    
4,181
      
6,195
              
4,312
      
6,330
          
Business Banking
    
1,011
      
1,961
              
1,013
      
2,001
          
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
5,311
    
$
8,519
            
$
5,553
    
$
8,828
          
Consumer Loans:
                                                
Dealer Finance
  
$
232
    
$
327
            
$
143
    
$
241
          
Direct
    
7,442
      
9,547
              
7,744
      
9,831
          
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
7,674
    
$
9,874
            
$
7,887
    
$
10,072
          
Residential Real Estate
  
$
7,495
    
$
10,190
            
$
6,905
    
$
9,414
          
Total
  
$
20,480
    
$
28,583
            
$
20,345
    
$
28,314
          
                                                 
With an allowance recorded:
                                                
Commercial Loans:
                                                
C&I
  
$
111
    
$
118
    
$
11
    
$
233
    
$
238
    
$
25
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
111
    
$
118
    
$
11
    
$
233
    
$
238
    
$
25
  
                                                 
Total Loans
  
$
20,591
    
$
28,701
    
$
11
    
$
20,578
    
$
28,552
    
$
25
  

There were no acquired impaired loans specifically evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The following tables summarize the average recorded investments on loans specifically evaluated for impairment and the interest income recognized:


 
For the Three Months Ended
  
   
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
    
Interest
Income
Recognized
    
Average
Recorded
Investment
    
Interest
Income
Recognized
  
Originated
                        
Commercial Loans:
                        
C&I
  
$
326
    
$
-
    
$
447
    
$
1
  
CRE
    
4,212
      
31
      
3,882
      
32
  
Business Banking
    
1,090
      
5
      
1,044
      
3
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
5,628
    
$
36
    
$
5,373
    
$
36
  
Consumer Loans:
                                
Dealer Finance
  
$
221
    
$
4
    
$
194
    
$
1
  
Direct
    
7,553
      
98
      
7,952
      
106
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
7,774
    
$
102
    
$
8,146
    
$
107
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
7,455
    
$
82
    
$
6,738
    
$
71
  
Total Originated
  
$
20,857
    
$
220
    
$
20,257
    
$
214
  
                                 
Total Loans
  
$
20,857
    
$
220
    
$
20,257
    
$
214
  

19
Table of Contents


  
For the Six Months Ended
  
   
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Average
Recorded
Investment
    
Interest
Income
Recognized
    
Average
Recorded
Investment
    
Interest
Income
Recognized
  
Originated
                        
Commercial Loans:
                        
C&I
  
$
383
    
$
1
    
$
457
    
$
1
  
CRE
    
4,248
      
61
      
4,154
      
64
  
Business Banking
    
1,159
      
11
      
988
      
8
  
Total Commercial Loans
  
$
5,790
    
$
73
    
$
5,599
    
$
73
  
Consumer Loans:
                                
Dealer Finance
  
$
198
    
$
6
    
$
188
    
$
4
  
Direct
    
7,636
      
196
      
8,066
      
215
  
Total Consumer Loans
  
$
7,834
    
$
202
    
$
8,254
    
$
219
  
Residential Real Estate
  
$
7,323
    
$
159
    
$
6,815
    
$
144
  
Total Originated
  
$
20,947
    
$
434
    
$
20,668
    
$
436
  
                                 
Total Loans
  
$
20,947
    
$
434
    
$
20,668
    
$
436
  

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify the Company’s loan portfolio with respect to quality and risk. The system focuses on, among other things, financial strength of borrowers, experience and depth of borrower’s management, primary and secondary sources of repayment, payment history, nature of the business and outlook on particular industries. The internal grading system enables the Company to monitor the quality of the entire loan portfolio on a consistent basis and provides management with an early warning system, enabling recognition and response to problem loans and potential problem loans.

Commercial Grading System

For C&I and CRE loans, the Company uses a grading system that relies on quantifiable and measurable characteristics when available. This would include comparison of financial strength to available industry averages, comparison of transaction factors (loan terms and conditions) to loan policy and comparison of credit history to stated repayment terms and industry averages. Some grading factors are necessarily more subjective such as economic and industry factors, regulatory environment and management. C&I and CRE loans are graded Doubtful, Substandard, Special Mention and Pass.

●
Doubtful

A Doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as a loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral and refinancing. Generally, pending events should be resolved within a relatively short period and the ratings will be adjusted based on the new information. Nonaccrual treatment is required for Doubtful assets because of the high probability of loss.

●
Substandard

Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default or they have other well-defined weaknesses. They require more intensive supervision by bank management. Substandard loans are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. For some Substandard loans, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt and those loans should be placed on nonaccrual. Although Substandard assets in the aggregate will have a distinct potential for loss, an individual asset’s loss potential does not have to be distinct for the asset to be rated Substandard.

●
Special Mention

Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a Substandard classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (i.e., declining revenues or margins) or may be struggling with an ill-proportioned balance sheet (i.e., increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a Special Mention rating. Although a Special Mention loan has a higher probability of default than a Pass asset, its default is not imminent.

20
Table of Contents

●          Pass

Loans graded as Pass encompass all loans not graded as Doubtful, Substandard or Special Mention. Pass loans are in compliance with loan covenants and payments are generally made as agreed. Pass loans range from superior quality to fair quality.

Business Banking Grading System

Business Banking loans are graded as either Classified or Non-classified:

●
Classified

Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or, if applicable, the collateral pledged. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt or in some cases make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Classified loans have a high probability of payment default or total substantial loss. These loans require more intensive supervision by management and are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. Classified loans where the full collection of interest and principal is in doubt are considered to have a nonaccrual status. In some cases, Classified loans are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted.

●
Non-classified

Loans graded as Non-classified encompass all loans not graded as Classified. Payments on non-classified loans are generally made as agreed.

Consumer and Residential Real Estate Grading System

Consumer and Residential Real Estate loans are graded as either Nonperforming or Performing.

●
Nonperforming

Nonperforming loans are loans that are 1) over 90 days past due and interest is still accruing or 2) on nonaccrual status.

●
Performing

All loans not meeting any of these criteria are considered Performing.

21
Table of Contents
The following tables illustrate the Company’s credit quality by loan class:

(In thousands)
  
As of June 30, 2019
  
Originated
                  
Commercial Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
C&I
    
CRE
    
Total
  
Pass
  
$
799,988
    
$
1,750,029
    
$
2,550,017
  
Special Mention
    
30,012
      
33,912
      
63,924
  
Substandard
    
39,756
      
48,562
      
88,318
  
Total
  
$
869,756
    
$
1,832,503
    
$
2,702,259
  

Business Banking Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
Business
Banking
    
Total
  
Non-classified
  
$
469,380
    
$
469,380
  
Classified
    
13,715
      
13,715
  
Total
  
$
483,095
    
$
483,095
  

Consumer Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Dealer
Finance
    
Specialty
Lending
    
Direct
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
1,187,192
    
$
518,493
    
$
494,109
    
$
2,199,794
  
Nonperforming
    
2,478
      
1,481
      
2,795
      
6,754
  
Total
  
$
1,189,670
    
$
519,974
    
$
496,904
    
$
2,206,548
  

Residential Real Estate Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
1,259,987
    
$
1,259,987
  
Nonperforming
    
6,470
      
6,470
  
Total
  
$
1,266,457
    
$
1,266,457
  

Acquired
                  
Commercial Credit Exposure
                  
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
C&I
    
CRE
    
Total
  
Pass
  
$
28,479
    
$
75,768
    
$
104,247
  
Special Mention
    
1,686
      
-
      
1,686
  
Substandard
    
2,874
      
594
      
3,468
  
Total
  
$
33,039
    
$
76,362
    
$
109,401
  

Business Banking Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
Business
Banking
    
Total
  
Non-classified
  
$
27,482
    
$
27,482
  
Classified
    
2,827
      
2,827
  
Total
  
$
30,309
    
$
30,309
  

Consumer Credit Exposure
            
By Payment Activity:
  
Direct
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
27,466
    
$
27,466
  
Nonperforming
    
116
      
116
  
Total
  
$
27,582
    
$
27,582
  

Residential Real Estate Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
136,272
    
$
136,272
  
Nonperforming
    
1,350
      
1,350
  
Total
  
$
137,622
      
137,622
  

22
Table of Contents

(In thousands)
  
As of December 31, 2018
  
Originated
                  
Commercial Credit Exposure
                  
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
C&I
    
CRE
    
Total
  
Pass
  
$
796,778
    
$
1,681,330
    
$
2,478,108
  
Special Mention
    
11,348
      
13,894
      
25,242
  
Substandard
    
39,993
      
46,006
      
85,999
  
Total
  
$
848,119
    
$
1,741,230
    
$
2,589,349
  

Business Banking Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
Business
Banking
    
Total
  
Non-classified
  
$
476,052
    
$
476,052
  
Classified
    
13,219
      
13,219
  
Total
  
$
489,271
    
$
489,271
  

Consumer Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Dealer
Finance
    
Specialty
Lending
    
Direct
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
1,212,955
    
$
523,366
    
$
508,755
    
$
2,245,076
  
Nonperforming
    
3,157
      
1,562
      
3,144
      
7,863
  
Total
  
$
1,216,112
    
$
524,928
    
$
511,899
    
$
2,252,939
  

Residential Real Estate Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
1,225,599
    
$
1,225,599
  
Nonperforming
    
7,960
      
7,960
  
Total
  
$
1,233,559
    
$
1,233,559
  

Acquired
                  
Commercial Credit Exposure
                  
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
C&I
    
CRE
    
Total
  
Pass
  
$
23,283
    
$
83,762
    
$
107,045
  
Special Mention
    
2,831
      
92
      
2,923
  
Substandard
    
10
      
638
      
648
  
Total
  
$
26,124
    
$
84,492
    
$
110,616
  

Business Banking Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
  
Business
Banking
    
Total
  
Non-classified
  
$
29,945
    
$
29,945
  
Classified
    
3,129
      
3,129
  
Total
  
$
33,074
    
$
33,074
  

Consumer Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Dealer
Finance
    
Direct
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
32
    
$
31,350
    
$
31,382
  
Nonperforming
    
-
      
242
      
242
  
Total
  
$
32
    
$
31,592
    
$
31,624
  

Residential Real Estate Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
  
Residential
Real Estate
    
Total
  
Performing
  
$
145,779
    
$
145,779
  
Nonperforming
    
1,498
      
1,498
  
Total
  
$
147,277
    
$
147,277
  

23
Table of Contents
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

When the Company modifies a loan in a troubled debt restructuring, such modifications generally include one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; temporary reduction in the interest rate; or change in scheduled payment amount. Residential Real Estate and Consumer TDRs occurring during 2019 and 2018 were due to the reduction in the interest rate or extension of the term. Commercial TDRs during 2019 and 2018 were both a reduction of the interest rate or change in terms.

When the Company modifies a loan in a troubled debt restructuring, management measures for impairment, if any, based on the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan an impairment charge would be recognized.

The following tables illustrate the recorded investment and number of modifications for modified loans, including the recorded investment in the loans prior to a modification and the recorded investment in the loans after restructuring:


 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
    
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Number of
Contracts
    
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Number of
Contracts
    
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Commercial Loans:
                                    
Business Banking
    
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
      
1
    
$
6
    
$
5
  
Total Commercial Loans
    
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
      
1
    
$
6
    
$
5
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                
Dealer Finance
    
4
    
$
60
    
$
60
      
1
    
$
13
    
$
13
  
Direct
    
2
      
68
      
77
      
-
      
-
      
-
  
Total Consumer Loans
    
6
    
$
128
    
$
137
      
1
    
$
13
    
$
13
  
Residential Real Estate
    
2
    
$
369
    
$
381
      
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
  
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
8
    
$
497
    
$
518
      
2
    
$
19
    
$
18
  


 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
    
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Number of
Contracts
    
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Number of
Contracts
    
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
    
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Commercial Loans:
                                    
C&I
    
1
    
$
65
    
$
65
      
-
    
$
-
    
$
-
  
Business Banking
    
2
      
388
      
388
      
3
      
369
      
371
  
Total Commercial Loans
    
3
    
$
453
    
$
453
      
3
    
$
369
    
$
371
  
Consumer Loans:
                                                
Dealer Finance
    
9
    
$
134
    
$
134
      
7
    
$
95
    
$
94
  
Direct
    
8
      
388
      
398
      
2
      
41
      
41
  
Total Consumer Loans
    
17
    
$
522
    
$
532
      
9
    
$
136
    
$
135
  
Residential Real Estate
    
8
    
$
757
    
$
786
      
5
    
$
323
    
$
323
  
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
28
    
$
1,732
    
$
1,771
      
17
    
$
828
    
$
829
  

24
Table of Contents
The following tables illustrate the recorded investment and number of modifications for TDRs where a concession has been made and subsequently defaulted during the period:


 
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019
    
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Number of
Contracts
    
Recorded
Investment
    
Number of
Contracts
    
Recorded
Investment
  
Commercial Loans:
                        
Business Banking
    
-
    
$
-
      
1
    
$
58
  
Total Commercial Loans
    
-
    
$
-
      
1
    
$
58
  
Consumer Loans:
                                
Direct
    
14
    
$
496
      
13
    
$
495
  
Total Consumer Loans
    
14
    
$
496
      
13
    
$
495
  
Residential Real Estate
    
8
    
$
429
      
7
    
$
599
  
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
22
    
$
925
      
21
    
$
1,152
  


 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019
    
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Number of
Contracts
    
Recorded
Investment
    
Number of
Contracts
    
Recorded
Investment
  
Commercial Loans:
                        
Business Banking
    
-
    
$
-
      
2
    
$
258
  
Total Commercial Loans
    
-
    
$
-
      
2
    
$
258
  
Consumer Loans:
                                
Dealer Finance
    
2
    
$
17
      
-
    
$
-
  
Direct
    
19
      
958
      
25
      
1,260
  
Total Consumer Loans
    
21
    
$
975
      
25
    
$
1,260
  
Residential Real Estate
    
13
    
$
644
      
13
    
$
907
  
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
34
    
$
1,619
      
40
    
$
2,425
  

25
Table of Contents
5.          Leases

Operating leases in which we are the lessee are recorded as operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities, included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any significant finance leases in which we are the lessee as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. ROU assets are further adjusted for lease incentives. Operating lease expense, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is recorded in occupancy expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of income.

We have made a policy election to exclude the recognition requirements to all classes of leases with original terms of 12 months or less. Instead, the short-term lease payments are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For real estate leases, non-lease components and other non-components, such as common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes and insurance are not included in the measurement of the lease liability since they are generally able to be segregated.

Our leases relate primarily to office space and bank branches, and some contain options to renew the lease. These options to renew are generally not considered reasonably certain to exercise, and are therefore not included in the lease term until such time that the option to renew is reasonably certain. As of June 30, 2019, operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were $34.6 million and $37.1 million, respectively.

The table below summarizes our net lease cost:

(In thousands)
  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019
    
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019
  
Operating lease cost
  
$
1,791
    
$
3,590
  
Variable lease cost
    
581
      
1,258
  
Short-term lease cost
    
87
      
177
  
Sublease income
    
(112
)
    
(213
)
Total operating lease cost
  
$
2,347
    
$
4,812
  

The table below shows future minimum rental commitments related to non-cancelable operating leases for the next five years and thereafter as of June 30, 2019.
(In thousands)
      
2019
  
$
3,663
  
2020
    
7,032
  
2021
    
6,184
  
2022
    
5,345
  
2023
    
4,523
  
Thereafter
    
15,432
  
Total lease payments
  
$
42,179
  
Less: interest
    
(5,044
)
Present value of lease liabilities
  
$
37,135
  

The following table shows the weighted average remaining operating lease term, the weighted average discount rate and supplemental information on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of cash flows for operating leases:

(In thousands except for percent and period data)
  
June 30, 2019
  
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years
    
8.09
  
Weighted average discount rate
    
3.03
%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
        
Operating cash flows from operating leases
  
$
3,070
  
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
    
37,749
  

As of June 30, 2019 there are no new significant leases that have not yet commenced.

The following table shows the future minimum rental payments related to non-cancelable operating leases with original terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2018.

(In thousands)
      
2019
  
$
6,890
  
2020
    
6,467
  
2021
    
5,613
  
2022
    
4,773
  
2023
    
3,972
  
Thereafter
    
13,869
  
Total
  
$
41,584
  

26
Table of Contents
6.          Defined Benefit Post-Retirement Plans

The Company has a qualified, noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan (“the Plan”) covering substantially all of its employees at June 30, 2019. Benefits paid from the plan are based on age, years of service, compensation, social security benefits and are determined in accordance with defined formulas. The Company’s policy is to fund the Plan in accordance with Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 standards. Assets of the Plan are invested in publicly traded stocks and mutual funds. 

In addition to the Plan, the Company provides supplemental employee retirement plans to certain current and former executives. The Company also assumed supplemental retirement plans for former executives of Alliance Financial Corporation (“Alliance”) when the Company acquired Alliance.

These supplemental employee retirement plans and the Plan are collectively referred to herein as “Pension Benefits.”

In addition, the Company provides certain health care benefits for retired employees. Benefits were accrued over the employees’ active service period. Only employees that were employed by the Company on or before January 1, 2000 are eligible to receive post-retirement health care benefits. In addition, the Company assumed post-retirement medical life insurance benefits for certain Alliance employees, retirees and their spouses, if applicable, in the Alliance acquisition. These post-retirement benefits are referred to herein as “Other Benefits.”

The Company made no voluntary contributions to the pension and other benefits plans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

The components of expense for Pension Benefits and Other Benefits are set forth below:


 
Pension Benefits
    
Other Benefits
  
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Three Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Components of net periodic cost (benefit):
                        
Service cost
  
$
435
    
$
420
    
$
2
    
$
3
  
Interest cost
    
981
      
920
      
81
      
82
  
Expected return on plan assets
    
(1,873
)
    
(2,123
)
    
-
      
-
  
Net amortization
    
639
      
251
      
18
      
44
  
Total net periodic cost (benefit)
  
$
182
    
$
(532
)
  
$
101
    
$
129
  


 
Pension Benefits
    
Other Benefits
  
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Components of net periodic cost (benefit):
                        
Service cost
  
$
870
    
$
840
    
$
4
    
$
6
  
Interest cost
    
1,962
      
1,840
      
162
      
164
  
Expected return on plan assets
    
(3,746
)
    
(4,246
)
    
-
      
-
  
Net amortization
    
1,278
      
502
      
35
      
88
  
Total net periodic cost (benefit)
  
$
364
    
$
(1,064
)
  
$
201
    
$
258
  

The service cost component of the net periodic cost (benefit) is included in Salaries and Employee Benefits and the interest cost, expected return on plan assets and net amortization components are included in Other Noninterest Expense on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of income.

27
Table of Contents
7.          Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity (such as the Company’s dilutive stock options and restricted stock units).

The following is a reconciliation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of income:


 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands, except per share data)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Basic EPS:
            
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    
43,809
      
43,699
  
Net income available to common stockholders
  
$
30,555
    
$
28,121
  
Basic EPS
  
$
0.70
    
$
0.64
  
                 
Diluted EPS:
                
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    
43,809
      
43,699
  
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock
    
311
      
318
  
Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents
    
44,120
      
44,017
  
Net income available to common stockholders
  
$
30,555
    
$
28,121
  
Diluted EPS
  
$
0.69
    
$
0.64
  


 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands, except per share data)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Basic EPS:
            
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    
43,797
      
43,681
  
Net income available to common stockholders
  
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Basic EPS
  
$
1.36
    
$
1.24
  
                 
Diluted EPS:
                
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    
43,797
      
43,681
  
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock
    
300
      
311
  
Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents
    
44,097
      
43,992
  
Net income available to common stockholders
  
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Diluted EPS
  
$
1.35
    
$
1.23
  

There were 1,500 stock options for the quarters ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, that were not considered in the calculation of diluted EPS since the stock options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price during these periods.

There were 1,500 stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, that were not considered in the calculation of diluted EPS since the stock options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price during these periods.

28
Table of Contents
8.          Reclassification Adjustments Out of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”):

Detail About AOCI Components
  
Amount Reclassified From
AOCI
  
Affected Line Item in the Consolidated
Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
   
Three Months Ended
    
(In thousands)
  
June 30,
2019
    
June 30,
2018
    
AFS securities:
                
Amortization of unrealized gains related to securities transfer
  
$
199
    
$
177
  
Interest income
Tax effect
  
$
(50
)
  
$
(44
)
Income tax (benefit)
Net of tax
  
$
149
    
$
133
    
                      
Cash flow hedges:
                    
Net unrealized (gains) on cash flow hedges reclassified to interest expense
  
$
(738
)
  
$
(540
)
Interest expense
Tax effect
  
$
185
    
$
135
  
Income tax expense
Net of tax
  
$
(553
)
  
$
(405
)
  
                      
Pension and other benefits:
                    
Amortization of net losses
  
$
633
    
$
273
  
Other noninterest expense
Amortization of prior service costs
    
24
      
22
  
Other noninterest expense
Tax effect
  
$
(164
)
  
$
(74
)
Income tax (benefit)
Net of tax
  
$
493
    
$
221
    
                      
Total reclassifications, net of tax
  
$
89
    
$
(51
)
  

Detail About AOCI Components
  
Amount Reclassified From
AOCI
  
Affected Line item in the Consolidated
Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
   
Six Months Ended
    
(In thousands)
  
June 30,
2019
    
June 30,
2018
    
AFS securities:
                
Losses on AFS securities
  
$
99
    
$
-
  
Net securities gains
Amortization of unrealized gains related to securities transfer
    
366
      
365
  
Interest income
Tax effect
  
$
(117
)
  
$
(91
)
Income tax (benefit)
Net of tax
  
$
348
    
$
274
    
                 
         
Cash flow hedges:
                
       
Net unrealized (gains) on cash flow hedges reclassified to interest expense
  
$
(1,537
)
  
$
(899
)
Interest expense
Tax effect
  
$
385
    
$
225
  
Income tax expense
Net of tax
  
$
(1,152
)
  
$
(674
)
  
                      
Pension and other benefits:
                    
Amortization of net losses
  
$
1,267
    
$
546
  
Other noninterest expense
Amortization of prior service costs
    
46
      
44
  
Other noninterest expense
Tax effect
  
$
(328
)
  
$
(148
)
Income tax (benefit)
Net of tax
  
$
985
    
$
442
    
                      
Total reclassifications, net of tax
  
$
181
    
$
42
    

29
Table of Contents
9.          Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain fixed rate borrowings. The Company also has interest rate derivatives that result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The Company manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. These swaps are considered derivatives, but are not designated in hedging relationships. These instruments have interest rate and credit risk associated with them. To mitigate the interest rate risk, the Company enters into offsetting interest rate swaps with counterparties. The counterparty swaps are also considered derivatives and are also not designated in hedging relationships. Interest rate swaps are recorded within other assets or other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at their estimated fair value. Changes to the fair value of assets and liabilities arising from these derivatives are included, net, in other operating income in the consolidated statement of income.

As of June 30, 2019 the Company had ten risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to participated loans. The fair values included in other assets and other liabilities on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet applicable to these agreements amounts to $69 thousand and $93 thousand, respectively as of June 30, 2019. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had nine risk participation agreements, with the fair values included in other assets and other liabilities on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet of $36 thousand and $17 thousand, respectively. Risk participation agreements provide credit protection to the financial institution that originated the swap transaction should the borrower fail to perform on its obligation. The Company enters into both risk participation agreements in which it purchases credit protection from other financial institutions and those in which it provides credit protection to other financial institutions.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to modify the interest rate characteristics of certain short-term Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances from variable rate to fixed rate in order to reduce the impact of changes in future cash flows due to market interest rate changes. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges.

The following table depicts the fair value adjustment recorded related to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of risk participation agreements:


 
June 30,
    
December 31,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
  
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
            
Fair value adjustment included in other assets and other liabilities
            
Interest rate derivatives
  
$
38,454
    
$
17,572
  
Notional amount:
                
Interest rate derivatives
    
757,614
      
653,369
  
Risk participation agreements
    
73,141
      
70,785
  
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
                
Fair value adjustment included in other assets
                
Interest rate derivatives
    
521
      
2,428
  
Fair value adjustment included in other liabilities
                
Interest rate derivatives
    
18
      
-
  
Notional amount:
                
Interest rate derivatives
    
150,000
      
225,000
  

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedge transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s short-term rate borrowings. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $0.5 million will be reclassified from AOCI as a reduction to interest expense.

30
Table of Contents
The following table indicates the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI and on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of income:


 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
                        
Interest rate derivatives - included component
                        
Amount of (loss) or gain recognized in OCI
  
$
(314
)
  
$
424
      
(484
)
  
$
1,472
  
Amount of (gain) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense
    
(738
)
    
(540
)
    
(1,537
)
    
(899
)

The following table indicates the gain or loss recognized in income on derivatives not designated as a hedging relationship:


 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
                        
Increase in other income
  
$
19
    
$
320
    
$
106
    
$
123
  

31
Table of Contents
10.          Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

GAAP states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value measurements are not adjusted for transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy exists within GAAP that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;

Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The types of instruments valued based on quoted market prices in active markets include most U.S. government and agency securities, many other sovereign government obligations, liquid mortgage products, active listed equities and most money market securities. Such instruments are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company does not adjust the quoted prices for such instruments.

The types of instruments valued based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency include most investment-grade and high-yield corporate bonds, less liquid mortgage products, less liquid agency securities, less liquid listed equities, state, municipal and provincial obligations and certain physical commodities. Such instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain common equity securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs (exchange quoted prices). Other investment securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. The prices for Level 2 instruments are obtained through an independent pricing service or dealer market participants with whom the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of investment securities. Prices obtained from these sources include prices derived from market quotations and matrix pricing. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. Management reviews the methodologies used in pricing the securities by its third party providers.

Level 3 is for positions that are not traded in active markets or are subject to transfer restrictions. Valuations are adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability and such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate will be used. Management’s best estimate consists of both internal and external support on certain Level 3 investments. Subsequent to inception, management only changes Level 3 inputs and assumptions when corroborated by evidence such as transactions in similar instruments, completed or pending third-party transactions in the underlying investment or comparable entities, subsequent rounds of financing, recapitalizations and other transactions across the capital structure, offerings in the equity or debt markets and changes in financial ratios or cash flows.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 the Company made no transfers of assets between the levels of the fair value hierarchy. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company made no transfer of assets from Level 1 to Level 2 and made a $4.0 million transfer from Level 2 to Level 1.

32
Table of Contents
The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis that were accounted for at fair value. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:

(In thousands)
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
June 30, 2019
  
Assets:
                        
AFS securities:
                        
Federal agency
  
$
-
    
$
52,837
    
$
-
    
$
52,837
  
State & municipal
    
-
      
9
      
-
      
9
  
Mortgage-backed
    
-
      
499,227
      
-
      
499,227
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
-
      
427,623
      
-
      
427,623
  
Total AFS securities
  
$
-
    
$
979,696
    
$
-
    
$
979,696
  
Equity securities
    
22,298
      
4,000
      
-
      
26,298
  
Derivatives
    
-
      
39,044
      
-
      
39,044
  
Total
  
$
22,298
    
$
1,022,740
    
$
-
    
$
1,045,038
  
                                 
Liabilities:
                                
Derivatives
  
$
-
    
$
38,565
    
$
-
    
$
38,565
  
Total
  
$
-
    
$
38,565
    
$
-
    
$
38,565
  

(In thousands)
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
December 31, 2018
  
Assets:
                        
AFS securities:
                        
Federal agency
  
$
-
    
$
84,299
    
$
-
    
$
84,299
  
State & municipal
    
-
      
29,915
      
-
      
29,915
  
Mortgage-backed
    
-
      
512,295
      
-
      
512,295
  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
    
-
      
371,987
      
-
      
371,987
  
Total AFS securities
  
$
-
    
$
998,496
    
$
-
    
$
998,496
  
Equity securities
    
19,053
      
4,000
      
-
      
23,053
  
Derivatives
    
-
      
20,000
      
-
      
20,000
  
Total
  
$
19,053
    
$
1,022,496
    
$
-
    
$
1,041,549
  
                                 
Liabilities:
                                
Derivatives
  
$
-
    
$
17,572
    
$
-
    
$
17,572
  
Total
  
$
-
    
$
17,572
    
$
-
    
$
17,572
  

GAAP requires disclosure of assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis such as goodwill, loans held for sale, other real estate owned, collateral-dependent impaired loans, mortgage servicing rights and HTM securities. The only non-recurring fair value measurements recorded during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 were related to impaired loans and write-downs of other real estate owned. The Company uses the fair value of underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to estimate the specific reserves for collateral dependent impaired loans. The appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses ranging from 10% to 35%. Based on the valuation techniques used, the fair value measurements for collateral dependent impaired loans are classified as Level 3.

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had collateral dependent loans with a carrying value of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which had specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses of $11 thousand and $25 thousand, respectively.

33
Table of Contents
The following table sets forth information with regard to estimated fair values of financial instruments. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial instruments for which the fair value approximates carrying value include cash and cash equivalents, AFS securities, equity securities, accrued interest receivable, non-maturity deposits, short-term borrowings, accrued interest payable and derivatives.


       
June 30, 2019
    
December 31, 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Fair Value
Hierarchy
    
Carrying
Amount
    
Estimated
Fair Value
    
Carrying
Amount
    
Estimated
Fair Value
  
Financial assets:
                              
HTM securities
    
2
    
$
744,601
    
$
754,995
    
$
783,599
    
$
778,675
  
Net loans
    
3
      
6,906,770
      
7,199,147
      
6,822,147
      
6,754,460
  
Financial liabilities:
                                        
Time deposits
    
2
    
$
976,567
    
$
973,822
    
$
930,678
    
$
920,534
  
Long-term debt
    
2
      
84,267
      
84,878
      
73,724
      
73,927
  
Junior subordinated debt
    
2
      
101,196
      
104,914
      
101,196
      
100,114
  

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, the Company has a substantial trust and investment management operation that contributes net fee income annually. The trust and investment management operation is not considered a financial instrument and its value has not been incorporated into the fair value estimates. Other significant assets and liabilities include the benefits resulting from the low-cost funding of deposit liabilities as compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimate of fair value.

HTM Securities

The fair value of the Company’s HTM securities is primarily measured using information from a third party pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Net Loans

The fair value of the Company’s loans was estimated in accordance with the exit price notion as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). Net loans include portfolio loans and loans held for sale. Loans were first segregated by type and then further segmented into fixed and variable rate and loan quality categories. Expected future cash flows were projected based on contractual cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments, which also includes credit risk, illiquidity risk and other market factors to calculate the exit price fair value in accordance with ASC 820.

Time Deposits

The fair value of time deposits was estimated using a discounted cash flow approach that applies prevailing market interest rates for similar maturity instruments. The fair values of the Company’s time deposit liabilities do not take into consideration the value of the Company’s long-term relationships with depositors, which may have significant value.

Long-Term Debt

The fair value of long-term debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow approach that applies prevailing market interest rates for similar maturity instruments.

Junior Subordinated Debt

The fair value of junior subordinated debt has been estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis.

34
Table of Contents
11.          Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a party to certain financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, standby letters of credit and certain agricultural real estate loans sold to investors with recourse, with the sold portion having a government guarantee that is assignable back to the Company upon repurchase of the loan in the event of default. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, standby letters of credit and loans sold with recourse is represented by the contractual amount of those investments. The credit risk associated with commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved with extending loans to customers and is subject to normal credit policies. Collateral may be obtained based on management’s assessment of the customer’s credit worthiness. Commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit totaled $1.9 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2018. 

Since many loan commitments, standby letters of credit and guarantees and indemnification contracts expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash flows. The Company does not issue any guarantees that would require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.

The Company guarantees the obligations or performance of customers by issuing standby letters of credit to third parties. These standby letters of credit are frequently issued in support of third party debt, such as corporate debt issuances, industrial revenue bonds and municipal securities. The risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as the credit risk involved in extending loan facilities to customers and letters of credit are subject to the same credit origination, portfolio maintenance and management procedures in effect to monitor other credit and off-balance sheet products. Typically, these instruments have one year expirations with an option to renew upon annual review; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Standby letters of credit totaled $31.5 million at June 30, 2019 and $41.2 million at December 31, 2018. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Company’s standby letters of credit was not significant.

12.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Additionally, when measuring assets and liabilities arising from a lease, optional payments should be included only if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend the lease, exercise a purchase option or not exercise an option to terminate the lease. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842. ASU 2018-01 was issued to address concerns about the cost and complexity of complying with the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02. Both ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-01 are effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Lessees and lessors are required to apply the provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. At its November 29, 2017 meeting, the FASB proposed allowing entities the option of applying the provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. ASU 2018-10 was issued to provide more detailed guidance and additional clarification for implementing ASU 2016-02. Also in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, which allows for an optional transition method in which the provisions of ASC Topic 842 would be applied upon the adoption date and would not have to be retroactively applied to the earliest reporting period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019 and elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allows the carryforward of the historical lease classification, the practical expedient related to land easements and the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet and recognize those lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 and related transition guidance resulted in the recognition of additional net lease assets and liabilities of approximately $34 million and $37 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The standard did not materially affect our consolidated net earnings or regulatory capital ratios. Refer to Note 5, Leases for more information.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20). ASU 2017-08 requires amortization of premiums to the earliest call date on debt securities with call features that are explicit, on contingent and callable at fixed prices on present dates. The ASU does not impact securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to the contractual maturity. The guidance is required to be applied with a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. ASU 2017-08 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and no cumulative effect adjustment was required upon adoption.

35
Table of Contents
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The ASU 2018-16 amends existing guidance permits the use of the OIS rate based on SOFR as a United States benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to other allowable rates stated in the guidance. ASU 2018-16 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and should be applied prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after the date of adoption. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair value Measurement. The provisions of ASU 2018-13 modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in ASC 820. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. ASU 2018-13 is effective January 1, 2020 but may be early adopted in any interim period. Management is evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect the impact to be material.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”). ASU 2016-13 introduces new guidance that make substantive changes to the accounting for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 introduces the CECL model, which applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, as well as certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes loans, loan commitments, standby letters of credit, net investments in leases recognized by a lessor and HTM debt securities. The CECL model requires an entity to estimate credit losses expected over the life of an exposure, considering information about historical events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts and is generally expected to result in earlier recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also modifies certain provisions of the current OTTI model for AFS debt securities. Credit losses on AFS debt securities will be limited to the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value and will be recognized through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct reduction in amortized cost basis. ASU 2016-13 also provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with more than insignificant credit deterioration since their origination. ASU 2016-13 requires expanded disclosures including, but not limited to, (i) information about the methods and assumptions used to estimate expected credit losses, including changes in the factors that influenced management’s estimate and the reasons for those changes, (ii) for financing receivables and net investment in leases measured at amortized cost, further disaggregation of information about the credit quality of those assets and (iii) a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for HTM and AFS securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all organizations for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018; however, the Company does not intend to early adopt this ASU. Management is evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, processes and controls and is not currently able to reasonably estimate the impact of adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; however, adoption is likely to lead to significant changes in accounting policies related to, and the methods employed in estimating, the allowance for loan and lease losses. It is possible that the impact will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Moreover, the CECL model may create more volatility in the level of our allowance for loan losses. To date, the Company has completed a gap analysis, adopted a detailed implementation plan, established a formal governance structure for the project, selected and is in the process of implementing a software solution to serve as its CECL platform, hired talent to support the CECL model, documented accounting policy elections and drafted policies to comply with the new standard, selected credit loss methods for key portfolio segments and is in the process of documenting processes and controls. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company designed a qualitative analysis framework, began performing parallel calculations and ran various sensitivity analyses to test the significant model assumptions. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. The Company is considering the impact of the irrevocable election of the fair value option (election to elect fair value option for certain financial assets).

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20), provides changes to the disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans. The amended guidance modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments are a result of the disclosure framework project that focuses on improvements to the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The amendments remove and add certain disclosure requirements. The disclosure requirements being removed relating to public companies are (1) the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year, (2) the amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer, (3) the 2001 disclosure requirement relating to Japanese Welfare Pension Insurance Law, (4) related party disclosures about the amount of future annual benefits covered by insurance, and (5) the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trends on the benefit cost and obligation. The disclosure requirements being added relating to public companies are (1) the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans, and (2) an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. ASU 2018-14 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively and the Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its disclosures to the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 amends existing guidance and requires a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize and which costs to expense. ASU 2018-15 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the impact that the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

36
Table of Contents


NBT BANCORP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 2 - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The purpose of this discussion and analysis is to provide a concise description of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of NBT Bancorp Inc. ("NBT") and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including NBT Bank, National Association (the “Bank”), NBT Financial Services, Inc. (“NBT Financial”) and NBT Holdings, Inc. (“NBT Holdings”) (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”). This discussion will focus on results of operations, financial condition, capital resources and asset/liability management. Reference should be made to the Company's consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in this Form 10‑Q as well as to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for an understanding of the following discussion and analysis. Operating results for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year ending December 31, 2019 or any future period.

Forward-looking Statements

Certain statements in this filing and future filings by the Company with the SEC, in the Company’s press releases or other public or stockholder communications or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, contain forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. These statements may be identified by the use of phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “will,” “can,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or other similar terms. There are a number of factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities: (1) local, regional, national and international economic conditions and the impact they may have on the Company and its customers and the Company’s assessment of that impact; (2) changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge-offs; (3) changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements; (4) the effects of and changes in trade and monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB"); (5) inflation, interest rate, securities market and monetary fluctuations; (6) political instability; (7) acts of war or terrorism; (8) the timely development and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by users; (9) changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits; (10) changes in the financial performance and/or condition of the Company’s borrowers; (11) technological changes; (12) acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses; (13) the ability to increase market share and control expenses; (14) changes in the competitive environment among financial holding companies; (15) the effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance) with which the Company and its subsidiaries must comply, including those under the Dodd-Frank Act; (16) the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and other accounting standard setters; (17) changes in the Company’s organization, compensation and benefit plans; (18) the costs and effects of legal and regulatory developments including the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries and the results of regulatory examinations or reviews; (19) greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new products and lines of business; and (20) the Company’s success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.

The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, and advises readers that various factors including, but not limited to, those described above and other factors discussed in the Company’s annual and quarterly reports previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could affect the Company’s financial performance and could cause the Company’s actual results or circumstances for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected.

Unless required by law, the Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligations to, publicly release any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

37
Table of Contents
Non-GAAP Measures

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These measures adjust GAAP measures to exclude the effects of acquisition-related intangible amortization expense on earnings, equity and assets as well as providing a fully taxable equivalent ("FTE") yield on securities and loans. Where non-GAAP disclosures are used in this Form 10-Q, the comparable GAAP measure, as well as a reconciliation to the comparable GAAP measure, is provided in the accompanying tables. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information that is important to an understanding of the results of the Company’s core business as well as provide information standard in the financial institution industry. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitute for financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP and investors should consider the Company’s performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company has identified policies as being critical because they require management to make particularly difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies relate to the allowance for loan losses, pension accounting and provision for income taxes.

Management of the Company considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations. While management’s current evaluation of the allowance for loan losses indicates that the allowance is appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions. For example, if historical loan loss experience significantly worsened or if current economic conditions significantly deteriorated, additional provision for loan losses would be required to increase the allowance. In addition, the assumptions and estimates used in the internal reviews of the Company’s nonperforming loans and potential problem loans have a significant impact on the overall analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. While management has concluded that the current evaluation of collateral values is reasonable, if collateral values were significantly lower, the Company’s allowance for loan loss policy would also require additional provision for loan losses.

Management is required to make various assumptions in valuing the Company’s pension assets and liabilities. These assumptions include the expected rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate and the rate of increase in future compensation levels. Changes to these assumptions could impact earnings in future periods. The Company takes into account the plan asset mix, funding obligations and expert opinions in determining the various rates used to estimate pension expense. The Company also considers the Citigroup Pension Liability Index, market interest rates and discounted cash flows in setting the appropriate discount rate. In addition, the Company reviews expected inflationary and merit increases to compensation in determining the rate of increase in future compensation levels.

The Company is subject to examinations from various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in challenges to the tax return treatment applied by the Company to specific transactions. Management believes that the assumptions and judgments used to record tax-related assets or liabilities have been appropriate. Should tax laws change or the taxing authorities determine that management’s assumptions were inappropriate, an adjustment may be required which could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.

The Company’s policies on the allowance for loan losses, pension accounting and provision for income taxes are disclosed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements presented in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All accounting policies are important and as such, the Company encourages the reader to review each of the policies included in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements presented in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K to obtain a better understanding of how the Company’s financial performance is reported.

Refer to Note 12 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recently adopted accounting standards.

Overview

Significant factors management reviews to evaluate the Company’s operating results and financial condition include, but are not limited to: net income and earnings per share, return on average assets and equity, net interest margin, noninterest income, operating expenses, asset quality indicators, loan and deposit growth, capital management, liquidity and interest rate sensitivity, enhancements to customer products and services, technology advancements, market share and peer comparisons. The following information should be considered in connection with the Company's results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019:

●
Second quarter diluted earnings per share up 4.5% from prior quarter and up 7.8% from prior year
●
Second quarter net income up 4.9% from prior quarter and up 8.7% from prior year
●
FTE net interest margin of 3.63% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, up 6 bps from 2018
●
Full cycle deposit beta of 14.7% through the quarter ending June 30, 2019(1)
●
Tangible equity ratio of 8.41%, up 93 bps from the second quarter of 2018(2)

(1) The change in the Company's quarterly deposit costs from December 31, 2015 to June 30, 2019 of 0.33% divided by the change in Federal Reserve's target fed funds rate from December 2015 to June 2019 of 2.25%.
(2) Non-GAAP measure - Stockholders' equity less goodwill and intangible assets divided by total assets less goodwill and intangible assets.

38
Table of Contents
Results of Operations

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $30.6 million, up 4.9% from $29.1 million for the first quarter of 2019 and up 8.7% from $28.1 million for the second quarter of 2018. Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $0.69, as compared with $0.66 for the prior quarter, an increase of 4.5%, and $0.64 for the second quarter of 2018, an increase of 7.8%. Return on average assets (annualized) was 1.28% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 1.24% for the prior quarter and 1.21% for the same period last year. Return on average equity (annualized) was 11.63% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 11.52% for the prior quarter and 11.64% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Return on average tangible common equity (annualized) was 16.38% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 16.45% for the prior quarter and 17.08% for the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $59.7 million, up 10.3% from $54.1 million for the same period last year. Diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $1.35, as compared with $1.23 for the same period in 2018, an increase of 9.8%. Return on average assets (annualized) was 1.26% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 1.18% for the same period last year. Return on average equity (annualized) was 11.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 11.32% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Return on average tangible common equity (annualized) was 16.41% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 16.52% for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP measure and excludes amortization of intangible assets (net of tax) from net income and average tangible equity calculated as follows:

 
  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Net income
  
$
30,555
    
$
28,121
    
$
59,682
    
$
54,107
  
Amortization of intangible assets (net of tax)
    
670
      
822
      
1,396
      
1,508
  
Net income, excluding intangible amortization
  
$
31,225
    
$
28,943
    
$
61,078
    
$
55,615
  
                                 
Average stockholders' equity
  
$
1,053,750
    
$
969,029
    
$
1,039,829
    
$
964,064
  
Less: average goodwill and other intangibles
    
288,930
      
289,250
      
289,419
      
285,161
  
Average tangible common equity
  
$
764,820
    
$
679,779
    
$
750,410
    
$
678,903
  

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income on earning assets, primarily loans and securities and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, primarily deposits and borrowings. Net interest income is affected by the interest rate spread, the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and cost of interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volumes of such assets and liabilities. Net interest income is one of the key determining factors in a financial institution’s performance as it is the principal source of earnings.

Net interest income was $78.6 million for the second quarter of 2019, up $0.9 million, or 1.2%, from the previous quarter. The FTE net interest margin was 3.61% for the three months ended June 30, 2019, down 3 basis points (“bps”) from the previous quarter, as higher funding costs on average interest-bearing liabilities were partially offset by higher average interest-earning assets. Interest income increased $1.9 million, or 2.1%, as the yield on average interest-earning assets of 4.28% was comparable to the prior quarter, while average interest-earning assets of $8.8 billion increased $70 million compared with the prior quarter. Interest expense was up $1.0 million, or 7.0%, as the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 4 bps to 0.96% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, driven by interest-bearing deposit costs increasing 8 bps, partially offset by the 6 bp decrease in short-term borrowings cost.

Net interest income was $78.6 million for the second quarter of 2019, up $2.9 million, or 3.8%, from the second quarter of 2018. The FTE net interest margin of 3.61% was up 4 bps from the second quarter of 2018. Interest income increased $8.5 million, or 10.0%, as the yield on average interest-earning assets increased 29 bps from the same period in 2018, and average interest-earning assets increased $209.7 million, or 2.4%, primarily due to a $207.6 million increase in average loans. Interest expense increased $5.6 million, as the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 35 bps, driven by interest-bearing deposit costs increasing 38 bps combined with a 39 bp increase in short-term borrowing costs.

39
Table of Contents
Net interest income for the first six months of 2019 was $156.3 million, up $7.1 million, or 4.8%, from the same period in 2018. FTE net interest margin of 3.63% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was up from 3.57% for the same period in 2018. Average interest-earning assets were up $261.6 million, or 3.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, driven by a $250.7 million increase in loans. Interest income increased $19.1 million, or 11.5%, due to the increase in earning assets combined with a 30 bp improvement in loan yields. Interest expense was up $12.0 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 38 bps, driven by interest-bearing deposit costs increasing 38 bps combined with a 55 bp increase in short-term borrowing costs. The Federal Reserve has raised its target fed funds rate nine times from December 2015 through June 2019 for a total increase of 225 bps. During this same cycle of increasing rates, the Company’s average cost of deposits increased by 33 bps, resulting in a full cycle deposit beta of 14.7%.

Average Balances and Net Interest Income

The following tables include the condensed consolidated average balance sheet, an analysis of interest income/expense and average yield/rate for each major category of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities on a taxable equivalent basis. Interest income for tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21%.

Three Months Ended
  
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Average
Balance
    
Interest
    
Yield/
Rates
    
Average
Balance
    
Interest
    
Yield/
Rates
  
Assets:
                                    
Short-term interest bearing accounts
  
$
25,783
    
$
82
      
1.28
%
  
$
3,574
    
$
46
      
5.16
%
Securities available for sale (1) (3)
    
981,079
      
6,031
      
2.47
%
    
1,266,304
      
7,046
      
2.23
%
Securities held to maturity (1) (3)
    
770,651
      
5,447
      
2.83
%
    
503,501
      
3,135
      
2.50
%
Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock
    
46,179
      
760
      
6.60
%
    
48,184
      
735
      
6.12
%
Loans (2) (3)
    
6,958,299
      
81,358
      
4.69
%
    
6,750,710
      
74,283
      
4.41
%
Total interest-earning assets
  
$
8,781,991
    
$
93,678
      
4.28
%
  
$
8,572,273
    
$
85,245
      
3.99
%
Other assets
  
$
816,748
                    
$
766,604
                  
Total assets
  
$
9,598,739
                    
$
9,338,877
                  
 
                                                
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
                                                
Money market deposit accounts
  
$
1,916,045
    
$
5,564
      
1.16
%
  
$
1,699,956
    
$
1,816
      
0.43
%
NOW deposit accounts
    
1,127,413
      
379
      
0.13
%
    
1,222,889
      
479
      
0.16
%
Savings deposits
    
1,282,084
      
185
      
0.06
%
    
1,289,062
      
183
      
0.06
%
Time deposits
    
953,698
      
4,106
      
1.73
%
    
858,080
      
2,601
      
1.22
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
  
$
5,279,240
    
$
10,234
      
0.78
%
  
$
5,069,987
    
$
5,079
      
0.40
%
Short-term borrowings
    
620,898
      
2,760
      
1.78
%
    
706,694
      
2,455
      
1.39
%
Long-term debt
    
82,414
      
471
      
2.29
%
    
84,676
      
452
      
2.14
%
Junior subordinated debt
    
101,196
      
1,141
      
4.52
%
    
101,196
      
1,040
      
4.12
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
  
$
6,083,748
    
$
14,606
      
0.96
%
  
$
5,962,553
    
$
9,026
      
0.61
%
Demand deposits
  
$
2,298,867
                    
$
2,294,023
                  
Other liabilities
    
162,374
                      
113,272
                  
Stockholders' equity
    
1,053,750
                      
969,029
                  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  
$
9,598,739
                    
$
9,338,877
                  
Net interest income (FTE)
          
$
79,072
                    
$
76,219
          
Interest rate spread
                    
3.32
%
                    
3.38
%
Net interest margin (FTE)
                    
3.61
%
                    
3.57
%
Taxable equivalent adjustment
          
$
445
                    
$
478
          
Net interest income
          
$
78,627
                    
$
75,741
          

(1)
Securities are shown at average amortized cost.
(2)
For purposes of these computations, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale are included in the average loan balances outstanding.
(3)
Interest income for tax-exempt securities and loans have been adjusted to a FTE basis using the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21%.

40
Table of Contents

Six Months Ended
  
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Average
Balance
    
Interest
    
Yield/
Rates
    
Average
Balance
    
Interest
    
Yield/
Rates
  
Assets:
                                    
Short-term interest bearing accounts
  
$
17,471
    
$
174
      
2.01
%
  
$
3,198
    
$
82
      
5.17
%
Securities available for sale (1) (3)
    
982,881
      
11,984
      
2.46
%
    
1,269,949
      
14,017
      
2.23
%
Securities held to maturity (1) (3)
    
776,577
      
11,043
      
2.87
%
    
492,996
      
6,081
      
2.49
%
Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock
    
47,657
      
1,552
      
6.57
%
    
47,518
      
1,465
      
6.22
%
Loans (2) (3)
    
6,922,684
      
160,768
      
4.68
%
    
6,672,016
      
144,825
      
4.38
%
Total interest-earning assets
  
$
8,747,270
    
$
185,521
      
4.28
%
  
$
8,485,677
    
$
166,470
      
3.96
%
Other assets
  
$
806,225
                    
$
756,444
                  
Total assets
  
$
9,553,495
                    
$
9,242,121
                  
 
                                                
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
                                                
Money market deposit accounts
  
$
1,860,358
    
$
9,974
      
1.08
%
  
$
1,677,755
    
$
2,933
      
0.35
%
NOW deposit accounts
    
1,131,291
      
817
      
0.15
%
    
1,216,992
      
882
      
0.15
%
Savings deposits
    
1,267,146
      
362
      
0.06
%
    
1,268,859
      
354
      
0.06
%
Time deposits
    
948,109
      
7,907
      
1.68
%
    
830,671
      
4,841
      
1.18
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
  
$
5,206,904
    
$
19,060
      
0.74
%
  
$
4,994,277
    
$
9,010
      
0.36
%
Short-term borrowings
    
666,349
      
5,997
      
1.81
%
    
709,442
      
4,421
      
1.26
%
Long-term debt
    
78,085
      
893
      
2.31
%
    
86,749
      
928
      
2.16
%
Junior subordinated debt
    
101,196
      
2,309
      
4.60
%
    
101,196
      
1,941
      
3.87
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
  
$
6,052,534
    
$
28,259
      
0.94
%
  
$
5,891,664
    
$
16,300
      
0.56
%
Demand deposits
  
$
2,304,169
                    
$
2,277,083
                  
Other liabilities
    
156,963
                      
109,310
                  
Stockholders' equity
    
1,039,829
                      
964,064
                  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  
$
9,553,495
                    
$
9,242,121
                  
Net interest income (FTE)
          
$
157,262
                    
$
150,170
          
Interest rate spread
                    
3.34
%
                    
3.40
%
Net interest margin (FTE)
                    
3.63
%
                    
3.57
%
Taxable equivalent adjustment
          
$
944
                    
$
943
          
Net interest income
          
$
156,318
                    
$
149,227
          

(1)
Securities are shown at average amortized cost.
(2)
For purposes of these computations, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale are included in the average loan balances outstanding.
(3)
Interest income for tax-exempt securities and loans have been adjusted to a FTE basis using the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21%.
41
Table of Contents
The following table presents changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume (change in average balance multiplied by prior year rate), changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior year volume) and the net change in net interest income. The net change attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate has been allocated to each in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of change.

Three Months Ended June 30,
  
Increase (Decrease)
2019 over 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Volume
    
Rate
    
Total
  
Short-term interest bearing accounts
  
$
94
    
$
(58
)
  
$
36
  
Securities available for sale
    
(1,701
)
    
686
      
(1,015
)
Securities held to maturity
    
1,844
      
468
      
2,312
  
Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock
    
(31
)
    
56
      
25
  
Loans
    
2,331
      
4,744
      
7,075
  
Total interest income (FTE)
  
$
2,537
    
$
5,896
    
$
8,433
  
Money market deposit accounts
  
$
258
    
$
3,490
    
$
3,748
  
NOW deposit accounts
    
(36
)
    
(64
)
    
(100
)
Savings deposits
    
(1
)
    
3
      
2
  
Time deposits
    
315
      
1,190
      
1,505
  
Short-term borrowings
    
(323
)
    
628
      
305
  
Long-term debt
    
(12
)
    
31
      
19
  
Junior subordinated debt
    
-
      
101
      
101
  
Total interest expense (FTE)
  
$
201
    
$
5,379
    
$
5,580
  
Change in net interest income (FTE)
  
$
2,336
    
$
517
    
$
2,853
  
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
  
Increase (Decrease)
2019 over 2018
  
(In thousands)
  
Volume
    
Rate
    
Total
  
Short-term interest bearing accounts
  
$
169
    
$
(77
)
  
$
92
  
Securities available for sale
    
(3,395
)
    
1,362
      
(2,033
)
Securities held to maturity
    
3,920
      
1,042
      
4,962
  
Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock
    
4
      
83
      
87
  
Loans
    
5,574
      
10,369
      
15,943
  
Total interest income (FTE)
  
$
6,272
    
$
12,779
    
$
19,051
  
Money market deposit accounts
  
$
352
    
$
6,689
    
$
7,041
  
NOW deposit accounts
    
(62
)
    
(3
)
    
(65
)
Savings deposits
    
-
      
8
      
8
  
Time deposits
    
757
      
2,309
      
3,066
  
Short-term borrowings
    
(283
)
    
1,859
      
1,576
  
Long-term debt
    
(96
)
    
61
      
(35
)
Junior subordinated debt
    
-
      
368
      
368
  
Total interest expense (FTE)
  
$
668
    
$
11,291
    
$
11,959
  
Change in net interest income (FTE)
  
$
5,604
    
$
1,488
    
$
7,092
  

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income is a significant source of revenue for the Company and an important factor in the Company’s results of operations. The following table sets forth information by category of noninterest income for the periods indicated:

 
  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Insurance and other financial services revenue
  
$
5,938
    
$
5,826
    
$
12,694
    
$
12,330
  
Service charges on deposit accounts
    
4,224
      
4,246
      
8,460
      
8,218
  
ATM and debit card fees
    
6,156
      
5,816
      
11,681
      
11,089
  
Retirement plan administration fees
    
7,836
      
7,296
      
15,570
      
12,635
  
Trust
    
4,731
      
5,265
      
9,282
      
10,143
  
Bank owned life insurance
    
1,186
      
1,217
      
2,563
      
2,564
  
Net securities (losses) gains
    
(69
)
    
91
      
(12
)
    
163
  
Other
    
4,239
      
4,401
      
7,824
      
8,293
  
Total noninterest income
  
$
34,241
    
$
34,158
    
$
68,062
    
$
65,435
  

42
Table of Contents
Noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $34.2 million, up $0.4 million, or 1.2%, from the prior quarter and comparable with the second quarter of 2018. The increase from the prior quarter was primarily driven by higher ATM and debit card fees due to an increase in the number of accounts and usage and other noninterest income due to higher swap fee income that was partially offset by lower seasonal insurance and other financial services revenue.

Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $68.1 million, up $2.6 million, or 4.0%, from the same period in 2018. The increase from the prior year was driven by higher retirement plan administration fees due to the acquisition of Retirement Plan Services, LLC (“RPS”) in the second quarter of 2018 and higher ATM and debit card fees due to an increase in the number of accounts and usage, that was partially offset by lower trust income and other noninterest income due to lower non-recurring gains recognized in the first six months of 2019.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expenses are also an important factor in the Company’s results of operations. The following table sets forth the major components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

 
  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
(In thousands)
  
2019
    
2018
    
2019
    
2018
  
Salaries and employee benefits
  
$
38,567
    
$
37,726
    
$
77,923
    
$
74,293
  
Occupancy
    
5,443
      
5,535
      
11,718
      
11,654
  
Data processing and communications
    
4,693
      
4,508
      
9,107
      
8,787
  
Professional fees and outside services
    
3,359
      
3,336
      
7,027
      
6,828
  
Equipment
    
4,518
      
4,151
      
9,275
      
8,189
  
Office supplies and postage
    
1,577
      
1,504
      
3,168
      
3,077
  
FDIC expenses
    
949
      
1,092
      
1,966
      
2,293
  
Advertising
    
641
      
700
      
1,144
      
1,037
  
Amortization of intangible assets
    
893
      
1,096
      
1,861
      
2,010
  
Loan collection and other real estate owned, net
    
961
      
908
      
1,746
      
2,245
  
Other
    
4,630
      
4,332
      
9,756
      
8,747
  
Total noninterest expense
  
$
66,231
    
$
64,888
    
$
134,691
    
$
129,160
  

Noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $66.2 million, down $2.2 million, or 3.3%, from the prior quarter and up $1.3 million, or 2.1%, from the second quarter of 2018. The decrease from the prior quarter was primarily driven by lower seasonal occupancy expenses and timing of equity-based compensation and other noninterest expense items. The increase from the second quarter of 2018 was driven by increases in salaries and employee benefits expense and equipment expense. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased from the second quarter of 2018 due to wage increases and higher incentive compensation.

Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $134.7 million, up $5.5 million, or 4.3%, from the same period in 2018. The increase from the prior year was driven by higher salaries and employee benefits, equipment expense and other noninterest expenses in the first half of 2019 as compared to the same period of 2018. The increase in salaries and employee benefits was primarily due to the RPS acquisition in the second quarter of 2018 and the timing of incentive compensation and wage increases.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $8.8 million, up $0.7 million from the prior quarter and up $0.7 million from the second quarter of 2018. The effective tax rate of 22.4% for the second quarter of 2019 was up from 21.8% for the first quarter of 2019 and comparable to the second quarter of 2018. The increase in income tax expense from the prior quarter and from the second quarter of 2018 was primarily due to a higher level of taxable income.

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $16.9 million, up $1.8 million, or 11.9%, from the same period of 2018. The effective tax rate of 22.1% for the first six months of 2019 was up from 21.8% for the same period in the prior year. The increase in income tax expense from the prior year was due to a higher level of taxable income.

43
Table of Contents
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Securities

Total securities decreased $54.6 million, or 3.0%, from December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019. The securities portfolio represents 18.2% of total assets as of June 30, 2019 as compared to 18.9% as of December 31, 2018.

The following table details the composition of securities available for sale, securities held to maturity and equity securities for the periods indicated:

  
June 30,
2019
    
December 31,
2018
  
Mortgage-backed securities:
            
With maturities 15 years or less
    
26
%
    
26
%
With maturities greater than 15 years
    
10
%
    
10
%
Collateral mortgage obligations
    
44
%
    
40
%
Municipal securities
    
12
%
    
15
%
U.S. agency notes
    
7
%
    
8
%
Equity securities
    
1
%
    
1
%
Total
    
100
%
    
100
%

The Company’s mortgage-backed securities, U.S. agency notes and collateralized mortgage obligations are all guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Farm Credit Banks or Ginnie Mae (“GNMA”). GNMA securities are considered similar in credit quality to U.S. Treasury securities, as they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Currently, there are no subprime mortgages in our investment portfolio. Refer to Note 3 to the Company's unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for information related to other-than-temporary impairment considerations.

Loans

A summary of loans, net of deferred fees and origination costs, by category for the periods indicated follows:

(In thousands)
  
June 30,
2019
    
December 31,
2018
  
Commercial
  
$
1,299,784
    
$
1,291,568
  
Commercial real estate
    
2,025,280
      
1,930,742
  
Residential real estate
    
1,404,079
      
1,380,836
  
Dealer finance
    
1,189,670
      
1,216,144
  
Specialty lending
    
519,974
      
524,928
  
Home equity
    
456,754
      
474,566
  
Other consumer
    
67,732
      
68,925
  
Total loans
  
$
6,963,273
    
$
6,887,709
  

Total loans increased by $75.6 million, at June 30, 2019 from December 31, 2018. Loan growth in the first six months of 2019 resulted from growth in the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios partly offset by run-off in our consumer portfolios. Total loans represent approximately 72.3% of assets as of June 30, 2019, as compared to 72.1% as of December 31, 2018.

Allowance for Loan Losses, Provision for Loan Losses and Nonperforming Assets

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level estimated by management to provide appropriately for risk of probable incurred losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is continuously monitored using a methodology designed to ensure that the level of the allowance reasonably reflects the loan portfolio’s risk profile. It is evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to absorb all reasonably estimable incurred credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy given the degree of judgment exercised in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the consolidated results of operations.

44
Table of Contents
For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, the Company considers a number of significant factors that affect the collectability of the portfolio. For individually analyzed loans, these factors include estimates of loss exposure, which reflect the facts and circumstances that affect the likelihood of repayment of such loans as of the evaluation date. For homogeneous pools of loans, estimates of the Company’s exposure to credit loss reflect a thorough current assessment of a number of factors, which affect collectability. These factors include: past loss experience; the size, trend, composition and nature of the loans; changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices; trends experienced in nonperforming and delinquent loans; current economic conditions in the Company’s market; portfolio concentrations that may affect loss experienced across one or more components of the portfolio; the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements; and the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral component of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management.

After a thorough consideration and validation of the factors discussed above, required additions or reductions to the allowance for loan losses are made periodically by charges or credits to the provision for loan losses. These are necessary to maintain the allowance at a level which management believes is reasonably reflective of the overall inherent risk of probable loss in the portfolio. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions or reductions to the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another. These fluctuations are reflective of changes in risk associated with portfolio content and/or changes in management’s assessment of any or all of the determining factors discussed above. Management considers the allowance for loan losses to be appropriate based on evaluation and analysis of the loan portfolio.

The following table reflects changes to the allowance for loan losses for the periods presented.

Allowance for Loan Losses
  
Three Months Ended
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
Balance, beginning of period
  
$
71,405
          
$
70,200
        
Recoveries
    
1,915
            
2,029
        
Charge-offs
    
(8,432
)
          
(8,557
)
      
Net charge-offs
  
$
(6,517
)
        
$
(6,528
)
      
Provision for loan losses
    
7,277
            
8,778
        
Balance, end of period
  
$
72,165
          
$
72,450
        
Composition of Net Charge-offs
                            
Commercial
  
$
(1,053
)
    
16
%
  
$
(724
)
    
11
%
Residential Real Estate
    
(279
)
    
4
%
    
(62
)
    
1
%
Consumer
    
(5,185
)
    
80
%
    
(5,742
)
    
88
%
Net charge-offs
  
$
(6,517
)
    
100
%
  
$
(6,528
)
    
100
%
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans
    
0.38
%
            
0.39
%
        

Allowance for Loan Losses
  
Six Months Ended
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
June 30, 2019
    
June 30, 2018
  
Balance, beginning of period
  
$
72,505
          
$
69,500
        
Recoveries
    
3,462
            
3,907
        
Charge-offs
    
(16,886
)
          
(17,231
)
      
Net charge-offs
  
$
(13,424
)
        
$
(13,324
)
      
Provision for loan losses
    
13,084
            
16,274
        
Balance, end of period
  
$
72,165
          
$
72,450
        
Composition of Net Charge-offs
                            
Commercial
  
$
(1,706
)
    
13
%
  
$
(1,342
)
    
10
%
Residential Real Estate
    
(499
)
    
4
%
    
(197
)
    
1
%
Consumer
    
(11,219
)
    
83
%
    
(11,785
)
    
89
%
Net charge-offs
  
$
(13,424
)
    
100
%
  
$
(13,324
)
    
100
%
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans
    
0.39
%
            
0.40
%
        

Net charge-offs of $6.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 were down as compared to $6.9 million for the prior quarter and comparable to the second quarter of 2018. Provision expense was higher at $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared with $5.8 million for the prior quarter and down from $8.8 million for the second quarter of 2018. Annualized net charge-offs to average loans for the second quarter of 2019 was 0.38%, down from 0.41% for the prior quarter and down from 0.39% for the second quarter of 2018.

Net charge-offs of $13.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $13.3 million for the same period of 2018. Provision expense was $13.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared with $16.3 million for the same period of 2018. Annualized net charge-offs to average loans for the first six months of 2019 was 0.39% as compared with 0.40% for the first six months of 2018.

45
Table of Contents
The allowance for loan losses totaled $72.2 million at June 30, 2019, compared to $71.4 million at March 31, 2019 and $72.5 million at June 30, 2018. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans was 1.04% (1.08% excluding acquired loans) at June 30, 2019, compared to 1.04% (1.09% excluding acquired loans) at March 31, 2019 and 1.06% (1.11% excluding acquired loans) at June 30, 2018.

Nonperforming assets consist of nonaccrual loans, loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, restructured loans, other real estate owned (“OREO”) and nonperforming securities. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual when principal or interest payments become 90 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Loans may also be placed on nonaccrual when circumstances indicate that the borrower may be unable to meet the contractual principal or interest payments. The threshold for evaluating classified and nonperforming loans specifically evaluated for impairment is $750 thousand. OREO represents property acquired through foreclosure and is valued at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less any estimated disposal costs.

  
June 30, 2019
    
December 31, 2018
  
(Dollars in thousands)
  
Amount
    
%
    
Amount
    
%
  
Nonaccrual loans
                        
Commercial
  
$
11,678
      
47
%
  
$
11,804
      
46
%
Residential Real Estate
    
5,888
      
24
%
    
6,526
      
26
%
Consumer
    
3,456
      
14
%
    
4,068
      
16
%
Troubled debt restructured loans
    
3,647
      
15
%
    
3,089
      
12
%
Total nonaccrual loans
  
$
24,669
      
100
%
  
$
25,487
      
100
%
                                 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
                                
Commercial
  
$
-
      
-
    
$
588
      
12
%
Residential Real Estate
    
-
      
-
      
1,182
      
23
%
Consumer
    
2,387
      
100
%
    
3,315
      
65
%
Total loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
  
$
2,387
      
100
%
  
$
5,085
      
100
%
 
                                
Total nonperforming loans
  
$
27,056
            
$
30,572
          
OREO
    
2,203
              
2,441
          
Total nonperforming assets
  
$
29,259
            
$
33,013
          
                                 
Total nonperforming loans to total loans
    
0.39
%
            
0.44
%
        
Total nonperforming assets to total assets
    
0.30
%
            
0.35
%
        
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming loans
    
266.72
%
            
237.16
%
        

Nonperforming loans to total loans was 0.39% at June 30, 2019, down 3 bps from 0.42% at March 31, 2019 and up 1 bp from 0.38% at June 30, 2018. Past due loans as a percentage of total loans were 0.52% at June 30, 2019, comparable to March 31, 2019 and up from 0.50% at June 30, 2018.

For acquired loans that are not deemed to be impaired at acquisition, credit discounts representing the principal losses expected over the life of the loan are a component of the initial fair value and amortized over the life of the asset.

As a result of the application of this accounting methodology, certain credit-related ratios may not necessarily be directly comparable with periods prior to the acquisitions, or comparable with other institutions. The credit metrics most impacted by our acquisitions were the allowance for loans losses to total loans and total allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans. As of June 30, 2019, the allowance for loan losses to total originated loans and the total allowance for loan losses to originated nonperforming loans were 1.08% and 287.67%, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses to total originated loans and the total allowance for loan losses to originated nonperforming loans were 1.10% and 254.92%, respectively.

In addition to nonperforming loans discussed above, the Company has also identified approximately $96.0 million in potential problem loans at June 30, 2019 as compared to $90.0 million at December 31, 2018. Potential problem loans are loans that are currently performing, with a possibility of loss if weaknesses are not corrected. Such loans may need to be disclosed as nonperforming at some time in the future. Potential problem loans are classified by the Company’s loan rating system as “substandard.” Management cannot predict the extent to which economic conditions may worsen or other factors, which may impact borrowers and the potential problem loans. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that other loans will not become 90 days or more past due, be placed on nonaccrual, become restructured or require increased allowance coverage and provision for loan losses. To mitigate this risk the Company maintains a diversified loan portfolio, has no significant concentration in any particular industry and originates loans primarily within its footprint.

46
Table of Contents
Deposits

Total deposits were $7.6 billion at June 30, 2019, up $225.5 million, or 3.1%, from December 31, 2018. Total average deposits increased $239.7 million, or 3.3%, from the same period last year driven primarily by growth in interest bearing deposits of $212.6 million, or 4.3%, due to growth in MMDA and time accounts, combined with a $27.1 million, or a 1.2% increase in demand deposits.

Borrowed Funds

The Company's borrowed funds consist of short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Short-term borrowings totaled $609.4 million at June 30, 2019 compared to $871.7 million at December 31, 2018. The notional value of interest rate swaps hedging cash flows related to short-term borrowings totaled $150.0 million at June 30, 2019 and $225.0 million at December 31, 2018. Long-term debt was $84.3 million at June 30, 2019 and $73.7 million at December 31, 2018.

For more information about the Company’s borrowing capacity and liquidity position, see “Liquidity Risk” below.

Capital Resources

Stockholders' equity of $1.1 billion represented 11.15% of total assets at June 30, 2019 compared with $1.0 billion, or 10.65% as of December 31, 2018. The increase in stockholders' equity resulted primarily from net income of $59.7 million for the six months ending June 30, 2019, partially offset by dividends of $22.8 million during the period and changes in OCI of $18.1 million.

The Company did not purchase shares of its common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, there were 1,000,000 shares available for repurchase under a plan authorized on October 23, 2017, which expires on December 31, 2019.

The Board of Directors considers the Company's earnings position and earnings potential when making dividend decisions. The Board of Directors approved a third-quarter 2019 cash dividend of $0.26 per share at a meeting held on July 29, 2019. The dividend will be paid on September 13, 2019 to stockholders of record as of August 30, 2019.

As the capital ratios in the following table indicate, the Company remained “well capitalized” at June 30, 2019 under applicable bank regulatory requirements. Capital measurements are well in excess of regulatory minimum guidelines and meet the requirements to be considered well capitalized for all periods presented. To be considered well capitalized, tier 1 leverage, common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and total risk-based capital ratios must be 5%, 6.5%, 8% and 10%, respectively.

Capital Measurements
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
9.88%
 
 
9.52%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio
 
10.95%
 
 
10.49%
Tier 1 capital ratio
 
12.24%
 
 
11.79%
Total risk-based capital ratio
 
13.21%
 
 
12.78%
Cash dividends as a percentage of net income
 
38.17%
 
 
38.44%
Per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Book value
$
24.56
 
$
23.31
Tangible book value (1)
$
17.97
 
$
16.66
Tangible equity ratio (2)
  
8.41%
 
  
7.85%

(1)
Stockholders' equity less goodwill and intangible assets divided by common shares outstanding.
(2)
Non-GAAP measure - Stockholders’ equity less goodwill and intangible assets divided by total assets less goodwill and intangible assets.

Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

Market Risk

Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting the Company. Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of the Company’s business activities or are immaterial to the results of operations.

Interest rate risk is defined as an exposure to a movement in interest rates that could have an adverse effect on the Company’s net interest income. Net interest income is susceptible to interest rate risk to the degree that interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice on a different basis than earning assets. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than earning assets in a given period, a significant increase in market rates of interest could adversely affect net interest income. Similarly, when earning assets mature or reprice more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could result in a decrease in net interest income.

47
Table of Contents
To manage the Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates, management monitors the Company’s interest rate risk. Management’s Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”), meets monthly to review the Company’s interest rate risk position and profitability and to recommend strategies for consideration by the Board of Directors. Management also reviews loan and deposit pricing and the Company’s securities portfolio, formulates investment and funding strategies and oversees the timing and implementation of transactions to assure attainment of the Board’s objectives in the most effective manner. Notwithstanding the Company’s interest rate risk management activities, the potential for changing interest rates is an uncertainty that can have an adverse
effect on net income.

In adjusting the Company’s asset/liability position, the Board and management aim to manage the Company’s interest rate risk while minimizing net interest margin compression. At times, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the Board and management may determine to increase the Company’s interest rate risk position somewhat in order to increase its net interest margin. The Company’s results of operations and net portfolio values remain vulnerable to changes in interest rates and fluctuations in the difference between long and short-term interest rates.

The primary tool utilized by ALCO to manage interest rate risk is earnings at risk modeling (interest rate sensitivity analysis). Information, such as principal balance, interest rate, maturity date, cash flows, next repricing date (if needed) and current rates is uploaded into the model to create an ending balance sheet. In addition, ALCO makes certain assumptions regarding prepayment speeds for loans and mortgage related investment securities along with any optionality within the deposits and borrowings. The model is first run under an assumption of a flat rate scenario (i.e. no change in current interest rates) with a static balance sheet. Two additional models are run in which a gradual increase of 200 bps and a gradual decrease of 100 bps takes place over a 12 month period with a static balance sheet. Under these scenarios, assets subject to prepayments are adjusted to account for faster or slower prepayment assumptions. Any investment securities or borrowings that have callable options embedded into them are handled accordingly based on the interest rate scenario. The resulting changes in net interest income are then measured against the flat rate scenario. The Company also runs other interest rate scenarios to highlight potential interest rate risks.

In the declining rate scenario, net interest income is projected to decrease when compared to the forecasted net interest income in the flat rate scenario through the simulation period. The decrease in net interest income is a result of earning assets, particularly prime and LIBOR-based loans) repricing downward faster than the interest-bearing liabilities that remain at or near their floors. In the rising rate scenarios, net interest income is projected to experience a slight decline from the flat rate scenario; however the potential impact on earnings may be affected by the ability to lag deposit repricing on NOW, savings, MMDA and time accounts. Net interest income for the next twelve months in the + 200/- 100 bp scenarios, as described above, is within the internal policy risk limits of not more than a 7.5% change in net interest income. The following table summarizes the percentage change in net interest income in the rising and declining rate scenarios over a 12-month period from the forecasted net interest income in the flat rate scenario using the June 30, 2019 balance sheet position:

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
  
Change in interest rates
Percent change in
(in bps points)
net interest income
+200
(0.88%)
-100
(1.85%)

The Company anticipates that in the current environment, the trajectory of net interest income will depend significantly on the ability to manage deposit pricing in a competitive market. Deposit rates began to rise in 2018 as the federal funds rate increased four times, bringing the cycle total to nine increases totaling 225 basis points. The Company anticipates that the deposit rates may move slightly higher in the absence of further increases in the federal funds rate. Increases in the federal funds rate could result in modest increases in deposit rates. Competitive pressure may limit the Company’s ability to quickly reduce deposit rates following reductions in the federal funds rate. In order to maintain the net interest margin in 2019, the Company will continue to focus funding growth through lower cost core deposits.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity is the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors wanting to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs. ALCO is responsible for liquidity management and has developed guidelines, which cover all assets and liabilities, as well as off-balance sheet items that are potential sources or uses of liquidity. Liquidity policies must also provide the flexibility to implement appropriate strategies. Requirements change as loans grow, deposits and securities mature and payments on borrowings are made. Liquidity management includes a focus on interest rate sensitivity management with a goal of avoiding widely fluctuating net interest margins through periods of changing economic conditions.

48
Table of Contents
The primary liquidity measurement the Company utilizes is called the “Basic Surplus”, which captures the adequacy of its access to reliable sources of cash relative to the stability of its funding mix of average liabilities. This approach recognizes the importance of balancing levels of cash flow liquidity from short and long-term securities with the availability of dependable borrowing sources, which can be accessed when necessary. At June 30, 2019, the Company’s Basic Surplus measurement was 15.8% of total assets or approximately $1.5 billion as compared to the December 31, 2018 Basic Surplus of 11.2% or $1.1 billion and was above the Company’s minimum of 5% (calculated at $481.8 million and $477.8 million, or period end total assets as June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively) set forth in its liquidity policies.

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances outstanding totaled $605.4 million and $795.8 million, respectively. The Bank is a member of the FHLB system and had additional borrowing capacity from the FHLB of approximately $1.0 billion at June 30, 2019 and $0.8 billion at December 31, 2018. In addition, unpledged securities could have been used to increase borrowing capacity at the FHLB by an additional $829.2 million and $630.0 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, or used to collateralize other borrowings, such as repurchase agreements. The Company also has the ability to purchase brokered time deposits and borrow against established borrowing facilities with other banks (federal funds), which could provide additional liquidity of $1.3 billion at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition, the Bank has a "Borrower-in-Custody" program with the FRB with the addition of the ability to pledge automobile loans. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank had the capacity to borrow $844.6 million and $854.7 million, respectively, from this program. The Company's internal policies authorize borrowing up to 25% of assets. Under this policy, remaining available borrowing capacity totaled $1.8 billion at June 30, 2019 and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2018.

This Basic Surplus approach enables the Company to appropriately manage liquidity from both operational and contingency perspectives. By tempering the need for cash flow liquidity with reliable borrowing facilities, the Company is able to operate with a more fully invested and, therefore, higher interest income generating securities portfolio. The makeup and term structure of the securities portfolio is, in part, impacted by the overall interest rate sensitivity of the balance sheet. Investment decisions and deposit pricing strategies are impacted by the liquidity position. The Company considered its Basic Surplus position to be strong. However, certain events may adversely impact the Company’s liquidity position in 2019. Increasing competition for deposits could result in a decrease in the Company’s deposit base or increase funding costs. Additionally, liquidity will come under additional pressure if loan growth exceeds deposit growth in 2019. These scenarios could lead to a decrease in the Company’s Basic Surplus measure below the minimum policy level of 5%. 

The Company’s primary source of funds is the Bank. Certain restrictions exist regarding the ability of the subsidiary bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends. The approval of the Office of Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”) is required to pay dividends when a bank fails to meet certain minimum regulatory capital standards or when such dividends are in excess of a subsidiary bank’s earnings retained in the current year plus retained net profits for the preceding two years as specified in applicable OCC regulations. At June 30, 2019, approximately $140.9 million of the total stockholders’ equity of the Bank was available for payment of dividends to the Company without approval by the OCC. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is also subject to the Bank being in compliance with regulatory capital requirements. The Bank is currently in compliance with these requirements. Under the State of Delaware General Corporation Law, the Company may declare and pay dividends either out of accumulated net retained earnings or capital surplus.

49
Table of Contents
Item 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Information called for by Item 3 is contained in the Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity Management section of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
Item 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2019, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes made in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

50
Table of Contents
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
There are no material legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is subject, except as described in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 1A – RISK FACTORS
 
There are no material changes to the risk factors as previously discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
(a)
Not applicable
 
(b)
Not applicable
 
(c)
None
 
Item 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None
 
Item 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None
 
Item 5 – OTHER INFORMATION

None

51
Table of Contents
Item 6 – EXHIBITS

3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NBT Bancorp Inc. as amended through July 1, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Form 10-Q, filed on August 10, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of NBT Bancorp Inc. effective May 22, 2018 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on May 23, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.3
Certificate of Designation of the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on November 18, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1
Transition and Retirement Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc. and Michael J. Chewens dated May 2, 2019*
31.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
52
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, this 8th day of August 2019.
 
 
NBT BANCORP INC.
  
 
 
  
By:
/s/ Michael J. Chewens
  
 
Michael J. Chewens, CPA
  
 
Senior Executive Vice President
  
 
Chief Financial Officer
  
 
53