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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality of Loans and Leases
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality of Loans and Leases [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality of Loans and Leases
Note  5.                      Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality of Loans and Leases

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses is maintained at a level estimated by management to provide adequately for risk of probable losses inherent in the current loan and lease portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses is continuously monitored.  It is assessed for adequacy using a methodology designed to ensure the level of the allowance reasonably reflects the loan and lease portfolio's risk profile. It is evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to absorb all reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in the current loan and lease portfolio.

To develop and document a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Company has divided the loan portfolio into three portfolio segments, each with different risk characteristics and methodologies for assessing risk.  Each portfolio segment is broken down into class segments where appropriate.  Class segments contain unique measurement attributes, risk characteristics and methods for monitoring and assessing risk that are necessary to develop the allowance for loan and lease losses.  Unique characteristics such as borrower type, loan type, collateral type, and risk characteristics define each class segment.  The following table illustrates the portfolio and class segments for the Company's loan portfolio:

Portfolio
Class
Commercial Loans
Commercial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Agricultural
 
Agricultural Real Estate
 
Small Business
   
Consumer Loans
Indirect
 
Home Equity
 
Direct
   
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
 

Commercial - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit.  Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower.  These loans carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans due to the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable and is generally less liquid than real estate. To reduce the risk, management also attempts to secure real estate as collateral and obtain personal guarantees of the borrowers.

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties.  Commercial real estate loans are made to finance the purchases of real property which generally consists of real estate with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and other non owner-occupied facilities.  These loans are typically less risky than commercial loans, since they are secured by real estate and buildings. The Company's underwriting analysis includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and a detailed analysis of the borrower's underlying cash flows. These loans are typically originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property.

Agricultural - The Company offers a variety of agricultural loans to meet the needs of our agricultural customers including term loans, time notes, and lines of credit.  These loans are made to purchase livestock, purchase and modernize equipment, and finance seasonal crop expenses.  Generally, a collateral lien is placed on the livestock, equipment, produce inventories, and/or receivables owned by the borrower.  These loans may carry a higher risk than commercial and agricultural real estate loans due to the industry price volatility, and in some cases, the perishable nature of the underlying collateral.  To reduce these risks, management may attempt to secure these loans with additional real estate collateral, obtain personal guarantees of the borrowers, or obtain government loan guarantees to provide further support.

Agricultural Real Estate - The Company offers real estate loans to our agricultural customers to finance farm related real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions, and improvements to agricultural properties such as barns, production facilities, and land.  The agricultural real estate loans are secured by first liens on the farm real estate.  Because they are secured by land and buildings, these loans may be less risky than agricultural loans.  The Company's underwriting analysis includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and a detailed analysis of the borrower's underlying cash flows.  These loans are typically originated in amounts of no more than 75% of the appraised value of the property.  Government loan guarantees may be obtained to provide further support.

Small Business - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our small business customers including term loans, small business mortgages and lines of credit.  Such loans are generally less than $350 thousand and are made available to businesses for working capital such as inventory and receivables, business expansion, equipment purchases, and agricultural needs.  Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower such as inventory and/or receivables.  These loans carry a higher risk than commercial loans due to the smaller size of the borrower and lower levels of capital.  To reduce the risk, the Company obtains personal guarantees of the owners for a majority of the loans.

Indirect - The Company maintains relationships with many dealers primarily in the communities that we serve.  Through these relationships, the company finances the purchases of automobiles and recreational vehicles (such as campers, boats, etc.) indirectly through dealer relationships.  Approximately 69% of the indirect relationships represent automobile financing.  Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three to six years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of indirect consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed.

Home Equity - The Company offers fixed home equity loans as well as home equity lines of credit to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses.  Consumers are able to borrower up to 85% of the equity in their homes.  The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second [junior] lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate).  These loans carry a higher risk than first mortgage residential loans as they are in a second position with respect to collateral.  Risk is reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows.  A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.

Direct - The Company offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance vehicle purchases, mobile home purchases and personal expenditures.  Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to ten years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed or a customer's deposit account. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection.  A minimal amount of loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss.

Residential Real Estate - Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second deeds of trust on primary residences.  We originate adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of a mortgage.  These loans are collateralized by owner-occupied properties located in the Company's market area. When market conditions are favorable, for longer term, fixed-rate residential mortgages without escrow, the Company retains the servicing, but sells the right to receive principal and interest to Freddie Mac.   This practice allows the Company to manage interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and credit risk.  Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 85% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance.  Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Loss Calculation
Management considers the accounting policy related to the allowance for loan and lease losses to be a critical accounting policy given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the consolidated results of operations.

For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, the Company considers a number of significant factors that affect the collectibility of the portfolio.  For individually analyzed loans, these include estimates of loss exposure, which reflect the facts and circumstances that affect the likelihood of repayment of such loans as of the evaluation date. For homogeneous pools of loans and leases, estimates of the Company's exposure to credit loss reflect a current assessment of a number of factors, which could affect collectibility.  These factors include:  past loss experience;  size, trend, composition, and nature of loans;  changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection,  charge-offs  and  recoveries; trends experienced in nonperforming and delinquent loans; current economic conditions in the Company's market;  portfolio concentrations that may affect loss experienced across one or more components of the portfolio; the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements; and the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral component of their examination process, periodically review the Company's allowance for loan and lease losses.  Such agencies may require the Company to make loan grade changes as well as recognize additions to the allowance based on their examinations.

After a thorough consideration of the factors discussed above, any required additions or reductions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made periodically by charges or credits to the provision for loan and lease losses. These charges or credits are necessary to maintain the allowance at a level which management believes is reasonably reflective of overall inherent risk of probable loss in the portfolio. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans and leases, additions and reductions of the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another.  These fluctuations are reflective of changes in risk associated with portfolio content and/or changes in management's assessment of any or all of the determining factors discussed above.  The following table illustrates the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010:
 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
(in thousands)
                   
Three months ended June 30
   
 
 
Residential
       
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
Loans
 
Mortgages
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Balance as of March 31, 2011
 $        37,937
 
 $      26,219
 
 $           5,338
 
 $             440
 
 $      69,934
Charge-offs
           (2,588)
 
        (3,600)
 
              (414)
 
                     -
 
        (6,602)
Recoveries
                474
 
              654
 
                     3
 
                     -
 
           1,131
Provision
             3,324
 
           2,445
 
                446
 
              (194)
 
           6,021
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2011
 $        39,147
 
 $      25,718
 
 $           5,373
 
 $             246
 
 $      70,484
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
Balance as of March 31, 2010
 $        41,249
 
 $      25,809
 
 $           2,838
 
 $             254
 
 $      70,150
Charge-offs
           (3,311)
 
        (3,982)
 
              (410)
 
                     -
 
        (7,703)
Recoveries
                711
 
              791
 
                     1
 
                     -
 
           1,503
Provision
                236
 
           5,214
 
                 866
 
                  34
 
           6,350
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2010
 $        38,885
 
 $      27,832
 
 $           3,295
 
 $             288
 
 $      70,300
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
                   
Six months ended June 30
   
 
 
Residential
       
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
Loans
 
Mortgages
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2010
 $        40,101
 
 $      26,126
 
 $           4,627
 
 $             380
 
 $      71,234
Charge-offs
           (5,458)
 
        (6,893)
 
              (513)
 
                     -
 
      (12,864)
Recoveries
                894
 
           1,230
 
                     4
 
                     -
 
           2,128
Provision
             3,610
 
           5,255
 
             1,255
 
              (134)
 
           9,986
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2011
 $        39,147
 
 $      25,718
 
 $           5,373
 
 $             246
 
 $      70,484
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
Balance as of December 31, 2009
 $        36,598
 
 $      26,664
 
 $           3,002
 
 $             286
 
 $      66,550
Charge-offs
           (6,141)
 
      (7,925)
 
              (522)
 
                     -
 
      (14,588)
Recoveries
             1,236
 
           1,502
 
                     7
 
                     -
 
           2,745
Provision
             7,192
 
        7,591
 
                808
 
                    2
 
         15,593
Ending Balance as of June 30, 2010
 $        38,885
 
 $      27,832
 
 $           3,295
 
 $             288
 
 $      70,300

 
The following tables illustrate the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans and Leases
(in thousands)
                   
     
 
 
Residential
       
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
Loans
 
Mortgages
 
Unallocated
 
Total
As of June 30, 2011
                 
Allowance loan and lease losses
 $         39,147
 
 $       25,718
 
 $           5,373
 
 $              246
 
 $       70,484
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
Allowance for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment
 $               352
 
 $                 -
 
 $                  -
 
 
 
 $             352
                   
Allowance for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment
 $         38,795
 
 $       25,718
 
 $           5,373
 
 $              246
 
 $       70,132
                   
 
                 
Ending balance of loans and leases
 $   1,631,097
 
 $  1,469,075
 
 $       564,345
 
 
 
 $  3,664,517
                   
Ending balance of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment
 $           7,718
 
 $                 -
 
 $                  -
     
 $          7,718
                   
Ending balance of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment
 $   1,623,379
 
 $  1,469,075
 
 $       564,345
 
 
 
 $  3,656,799
                   
                   
As of December 31, 2010
                 
Allowance loan and lease losses
 $         40,101
 
 $       26,126
 
 $           4,627
 
 $              380
 
 $       71,234
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
Allowance for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment
 $           2,211
 
 $                 -
 
 $                  -
 
 
 
 $          2,211
                   
Allowance for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment
 $         37,890
 
 $       26,126
 
 $           4,627
 
 $              380
 
 $       69,023
                   
 
                 
Ending balance of loans and leases
 $   1,580,371
 
 $  1,481,241
 
 $       548,394
 
 
 
 $  3,610,006
                   
Ending balance of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment
 $         11,419
 
 $                 -
 
 $                  -
     
 $       11,419
                   
Ending balance of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment
 $   1,568,952
 
 $  1,481,241
 
 $       548,394
 
 
 
 $  3,598,587


Credit Quality of Loans and Leases
Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status when timely collection of principal and interest in accordance with contractual terms is doubtful. Loans and leases are transferred to nonaccrual status generally when principal or interest payments become ninety days delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, or sooner when management concludes or circumstances indicate that borrowers may be unable to meet contractual principal or interest payments.  When a loan or lease is transferred to a nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued in the current period but not collected is reversed against interest income in that period. Interest accrued in a prior period and not collected is charged-off against the allowance for loan and lease losses.  The Company's nonaccrual policies are the same for all classes of financing receivable.

If ultimate repayment of a nonaccrual loan is expected, any payments received are applied in accordance with contractual terms. If ultimate repayment of principal is not expected, any payment received on a nonaccrual loan is applied to principal until ultimate repayment becomes expected.  Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when they become current as to principal and interest and demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms and, in the opinion of management, are fully collectible as to principal and interest.  When in the opinion of management the collection of principal appears unlikely, the loan balance is charged-off in total or in part.  For loans in all portfolios, the principal amount is charged off in full or in part as soon as management determines, based on available facts, that the collection of principal in full is improbable.  For commercial loans, management considers specific facts and circumstances relative to individual credits in making such a determination.  For consumer and residential loan classes, management uses specific guidance and thresholds from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy.
 
The following table illustrates the Company's nonaccrual loans by loan class:
 
Loans on Nonaccrual Status
       
(In thousands)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Commercial Loans
   
 
Commercial
 $         2,424
 $            5,837
 
Commercial Real Estate
            5,871
               5,687
 
Agricultural
            3,706
               4,065
 
Agricultural Real Estate
            1,886
               2,429
 
Small Business
            7,695
               7,033
   
          21,582
             25,051
       
Consumer Loans
   
 
Indirect
            1,185
               1,971
 
Home Equity
            8,046
               6,395
 
Direct
               410
                  399
   
            9,641
               8,765
       
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
            8,968
               8,651
       
Total Nonaccrual
 $       40,191
 $          42,467

The following tables set forth information with regard to past due and nonperforming loans by loan class as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
 
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans
As of June 30, 2011
(in thousands)
                             
 
         
Greater Than
             
Recorded
   
31-60 Days
 
61-90 Days
 
90 Days
 
Total
         
Total
   
Past Due
 
Past Due
 
Past Due
 
Past Due
         
Loans and
   
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Non-Accrual
 
Current
 
Leases
Commercial Loans
                         
 
Commercial
 $          203
 
 $          401
 
 $                 -
 
 $       604
 
 $           2,424
 
 $   518,065
 
 $   521,093
 
Commercial Real Estate
          2,075
 
          1,739
 
                    -
 
       3,814
 
              5,871
 
      740,617
 
      750,302
 
Agricultural
                 -
 
                 3
 
                    -
 
              3
 
              3,706
 
        62,131
 
        65,840
 
Agricultural Real Estate
             161
 
                 -
 
                    -
 
          161
 
              1,886
 
        32,391
 
        34,438
 
Small Business
          1,479
 
             310
 
                    -
 
       1,789
 
              7,695
 
      249,940
 
      259,424
   
          3,918
 
          2,453
 
                    -
 
       6,371
 
            21,582
 
   1,603,144
 
   1,631,097
                             
Consumer Loans
                         
 
Indirect
          7,248
 
          1,542
 
                 893
 
       9,683
 
             1,185
 
      826,337
 
      837,205
 
Home Equity
          4,717
 
          1,169
 
                  273
 
       6,159
 
              8,046
 
      543,894
 
      558,099
 
Direct
             741
 
             254
 
                  107
 
       1,102
 
                 410
 
        72,259
 
        73,771
   
        12,706
 
          2,965
 
               1,273
 
     16,944
 
              9,641
 
   1,442,490
 
   1,469,075
                             
Residential Real Estate
Mortgages
          1,507
 
             391
 
                  186
 
       2,084
 
              8,968
 
      553,293
 
      564,345
   
 $     18,131
 
 $       5,809
 
 $            1,459
 
 $  25,399
 
 $         40,191
 
 $3,598,927
 
 $3,664,517

 
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans
As of December 31, 2010
(in thousands)
                             
 
         
Greater Than
             
Recorded
   
31-60 Days
 
61-90 Days
 
91 Days
 
Total
         
Total
   
Past Due
 
Past Due
 
Past Due
 
Past Due
         
Loans and
   
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Accruing
 
Non-Accrual
 
Current
 
Leases
Commercial
                         
 
Commercial
 $          136
 
 $            55
 
 $            94
 
 $      285
 
 $         5,837
 
 $    461,633
 
 $    467,755
 
Commercial
                         
 
      Real Estate
          1,263
 
                 -
 
                  -
 
     1,263
 
            5,687
 
       730,285
 
       737,235
 
Agricultural
               63
 
               92
 
                  -
 
         155
 
            4,065
 
         63,336
 
         67,556
 
Agricultural
                         
 
      Real Estate
             108
 
                 -
 
                  -
 
         108
 
           2,429
 
         33,400
 
         35,937
 
Small Business
          2,570
 
          1,183
 
                  -
 
      3,753
 
            7,033
 
       261,102
 
       271,888
   
          4,140
 
          1,330
 
               94
 
      5,564
 
          25,051
 
    1,549,756
 
    1,580,371
                             
Consumer
                         
 
Indirect
          9,307
 
          2,193
 
             862
 
    12,362
 
            1,971
 
      814,594
 
       828,927
 
Home Equity
          5,740
 
          1,756
 
             396
 
      7,892
 
            6,395
 
       561,391
 
       575,678
 
Direct
             927
 
             158
 
               54
 
      1,139
 
               399
 
         75,098
 
         76,636
   
        15,974
 
          4,107
 
          1,312
 
    21,393
 
            8,765
 
    1,451,083
 
    1,481,241
                             
Residential Real  Estate Mortgages
          3,002
 
             126
 
             919
 
      4,047
 
            8,651
 
     535,696
 
    548,394
   
 $    23,116
 
 $       5,563
 
 $       2,325
 
 $ 31,004
 
 $       42,467
 
 $ 3,536,535
 
 $ 3,610,006

There were no material commitments to extend further credit to borrowers with nonperforming loans. Within nonaccrual loans, there are approximately $4.0 million of troubled debt restructured loans at June 30, 2011.

Impaired loans, which primarily consist of nonaccruing commercial, commercial real estate, agricultural, agricultural real estate and small business loans were $21.6 million at June 30, 2011 and $17.2 million at December 31, 2010.

The methodology used to establish the allowance for loan and lease losses on impaired loans incorporates specific allocations on loans analyzed individually.  Classified loans with outstanding balances of $500 thousand or more are evaluated for impairment through the Company's quarterly status review process.  In determining that we will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreements, we consider factors such as payment history and changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, local economic conditions, historical loss experience and the conditions of the various markets in which the collateral may be liquidated.  For loans that are impaired as defined by accounting standards, impairment is measured by one of three methods: 1) the fair value of collateral less cost to sell, 2) present value of expected future cash flows or 3) the loan's observable market price.  All impaired loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis for changes in the measurement of impairment.  For impaired loans measured using the present value of expected cash flow method, any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a change to the allowance account and recorded in the consolidated statement of income as a component of the provision for credit losses.  At June 30, 2011, $2.8 million of the total impaired loans had a specific reserve allocation of $0.4 million compared to $5.7 million of impaired loans at December 31, 2010 which had a specific reserve allocation of $2.2 million.
The following table provides additional information on impaired loans and specific reserve allocations as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

Impaired Loans
                     
     
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
   
Recorded
 
Unpaid
     
Recorded
 
Unpaid
   
     
Investment
 
Principal
     
Investment
 
Principal
   
     
Balance
 
Balance
 
Related
 
Balance
 
Balance
 
Related
(in thousands)
(Book)
 
(Legal)
 
Allowance
 
(Book)
 
(Legal)
 
Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
                   
 
Commercial Loans
                     
   
Commercial
 $       2,746
 
 $   5,956
     
 $       1,794
 
 $   2,145
   
   
Commercial Real Estate
          4,464
 
      7,116
     
          3,787
 
      4,467
   
   
Agricultural
          2,451
 
      3,009
     
          2,657
 
      3,145
   
   
Agricultural Real Estate
          1,606
 
      2,242
     
          1,283
 
      1,382
   
   
Small Business
          7,552
 
    10,712
     
          1,982
 
      2,334
   
     
$      18,819
 
$  29,035
     
 $     11,503
 
 $ 13,473
   
                           
With an allowance recorded:
                     
 
Commercial Loans
                     
   
Commercial
 $          553
 
 $      868
 
 $        275
 
 $       3,925
 
 $   4,962
 
 $     1,907
   
Commercial Real Estate
                  -
 
              -
 
                -
 
                 -
 
              -
 
                -
   
Agricultural
          1,508
 
     1,866
 
             74
 
          1,671
 
      1,918
 
           281
   
Agricultural Real Estate
               702
 
           777
 
               3
 
              728
 
           784
 
             23
     
          2,763
 
      3,511
 
           352
 
          6,324
 
      7,664
 
        2,211
                           
Total:
 $     21,582
 
 $ 32,546
 
 $        352
 
 $    17,827
 
 $ 21,137
 
 $     2,211


The decrease in commercial loans with a related allowance recorded from December 31, 2010 to June 30, 2011 is primarily due to the repayment of a large commercial credit and the charge-off of another large commercial credit.

The following table summarizes the average recorded investments on impaired loans and the interest income recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010:

     
June 30, 2011
 
June 30, 2010
     
Average
 
Interest Income
 
Average
 
Interest Income
     
Recorded
 
Recognized
 
Recorded
 
Recognized
(in thousands)
Investment
 
Accrual
Cash
 
Investment
 
Accrual
Cash
With no related allowance recorded:
               
 
Commercial Loans
                 
   
Commercial
 $       3,349
 
 $      26
 $ 26
 
 $       1,754
 
 $      24
 $ 24
   
Commercial Real Estate
          4,315
 
         24
    24
 
          3,401
 
           5
      5
   
Agricultural
          2,485
 
         18
    18
 
          2,770
 
         16
    16
   
Agricultural Real Estate
          1,720
 
         21
    21
 
          2,652
 
         35
    35
   
Small Business
          7,930
 
         89
    89
 
          5,337
 
         46
    46
     
 $    19,799
 
 $    178
$178
 
 $    15,914
 
 $    126
$126
                       
With an allowance recorded:
                 
 
Commercial Loans
                 
   
Commercial
 $          558
 
 $      19
 $ 19
 
 $       2,308
 
 $       -
 $    -
   
Commercial Real Estate
                 -
 
           -
       -
 
          2,373
 
           -
       -
   
Agricultural
          1,521
 
         67
    67
 
          1,847
 
         46
    46
   
Agricultural Real Estate
             706
 
         13
    13
 
             767
 
         13
    13
     
 $       2,785
 
 $      99
 $ 99
 
 $       7,295
 
 $      59
 $ 59
                       
Total:
 $    22,584
 
 $    277
$277
 
 $    23,209
 
 $    185
$185

The following table summarizes the average recorded investments on impaired loans and the interest income recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010:

     
June 30, 2011
 
June 30, 2010
     
Average
 
Interest Income
 
Average
 
Interest Income
     
Recorded
 
Recognized
 
Recorded
 
Recognized
(in thousands)
Investment
 
Accrual
Cash
 
Investment
 
Accrual
Cash
With no related allowance recorded:
               
 
Commercial Loans
                 
   
Commercial
 $       3,041
 
 $      73
 $ 73
 
 $       1,813
 
 $      29
 $ 29
   
Commercial Real Estate
          4,039
 
         45
    45
 
          3,785
 
         14
    14
   
Agricultural
          2,597
 
         45
    45
 
          2,515
 
         28
    28
   
Agricultural Real Estate
          1,496
 
         38
    38
 
          2,311
 
         64
    64
   
Small Business
          4,666
 
       102
  102
 
          2,995
 
         47
    47
     
 $    15,839
 
 $    303
$303
 
 $    13,419
 
 $    182
$182
                       
With an allowance recorded:
                 
 
Commercial Loans
                 
   
Commercial
 $       1,226
 
 $      49
 $ 49
 
 $       2,477
 
 $        1
 $   1
   
Commercial Real Estate
             573
 
           -
       -
 
          2,107
 
           -
       -
   
Agricultural
          1,571
 
         67
    67
 
          1,886
 
         58
    58
   
Agricultural Real Estate
             713
 
         18
    18
 
             775
 
         42
    42
     
 $       4,083
 
 $    134
$134
 
 $       7,245
 
 $    101
$101
                       
Total:
 $    19,922
 
 $    437
$437
 
 $    20,664
 
 $    283
$283


There has been significant disruption and volatility in the financial and capital markets since the second half of 2008.  Turmoil in the mortgage industry adversely impacted both domestic and global economies and led to a significant credit and liquidity crisis in many domestic markets.  These conditions were attributable to a variety of factors, in particular the fallout associated with subprime mortgage loans (a type of lending we have never actively pursued).  The disruption was exacerbated by the decline of the real estate and housing market.  However, in the markets in which the Company does business, the disruption has been somewhat delayed and less significant than in the national market.  For example, our real estate market has not suffered the extreme declines seen nationally and our unemployment rate, while notably higher than in prior periods, is still below the national average.

While we continue to adhere to prudent underwriting standards, as a lender we may be adversely impacted by general economic weaknesses and, in particular, a sharp downturn in the housing market nationally.  Decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral for our loans.  Adverse changes in the economy may have a negative effect on the ability of our borrowers to make timely loan payments, which would have an adverse impact on our earnings.  An adverse impact on loan delinquencies would decrease our net interest income and adversely impact our loan loss experience, causing increases in our provision and allowance for loan and lease losses.

The Company has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify the Bank's loan portfolio with respect to quality and risk.  The system focuses on, among other things, financial strength of borrowers, experience and depth of borrower's management, primary and secondary sources of repayment, payment history, nature of the business, and outlook on particular industries.  The internal grading system enables the Company to monitor the quality of the entire loan portfolio on a consistent basis and provide management with an early warning system, enabling recognition and response to problem loans and potential problem loans.
 
Commercial Grading System
 
 
For commercial and agricultural loans, the Company uses a grading system that relies on quantifiable and measurable characteristics when available.  This would include comparison of financial strength to available industry averages, comparison of transaction factors (loan terms and conditions) to loan policy, and comparison of credit history to stated repayment terms and industry averages. Some grading factors are necessarily more subjective such as economic and industry factors, regulatory environment, and management.  Classified commercial loans consist of loans graded substandard and below.  All classified loans with outstanding balances of $500 thousand or more are evaluated individually for impairment through the quarterly review process.  The grading system for commercial and agricultural loans is as follows:
 
 
  
4 - Doubtful
 
 
A doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as a loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral, and refinancing. Generally, pending events should be resolved within a relatively short period and the ratings will be adjusted based on the new information. Nonaccrual treatment is required for doubtful assets because of the high probability of loss.
 
 
  
3 - Substandard
 
 
Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default, or they have other well-defined weaknesses. They require more intensive supervision by bank management. Substandard loans are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. For some Substandard loans, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt and should be placed on nonaccrual. Although Substandard assets in the aggregate will have a distinct potential for loss, an individual asset's loss potential does not have to be distinct for the asset to be rated Substandard.
 
 
  
2 - Special Mention
 
 
Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a Substandard classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (declining revenues or margins) or may be struggling with an ill-proportioned balance sheet (e.g., increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a Special Mention rating. Although a Special Mention loan has a higher probability of default than a pass asset, its default is not imminent.
 
 
  
1 - Pass
 
 
Loans graded as Pass encompass all loans not graded as Doubtful, Substandard, or Special Mention.  Pass loans are in compliance with loan covenants, and payments are generally made as agreed.  Pass loans range from superior quality to fair quality.
 
 
Small Business Grading System
 
Small Business loans are graded as either Classified or Non-classified:
 
 
  
Classified
 
Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or, if applicable, the collateral pledged.   These loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, or in some cases make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.   Classified loans have a high probability of payment default, or a high probability of total or substantial loss.  These loans require more intensive supervision by management and are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization.  Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants.  When the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt; classified loans are considered to have a nonaccrual status.   In some cases, Classified loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted.
 
  
Non-classified
 
 
Loans graded as Non-classified encompass all loans not graded as Classified.  Non-classified loans are in compliance with loan covenants, and payments are generally made as agreed.
 
 
Consumer and Residential Mortgage Grading System
 
Consumer and Residential Mortgage loans are graded as either Performing or Nonperforming.   Nonperforming loans are loans that are 1) over 90 days past due and interest is still accruing, 2) on nonaccrual status or 3) restructured.  All loans not meeting any of these three criteria are considered Performing.

The following tables illustrate the Company's credit quality by loan class as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

Credit Quality Indicators
As of June 30, 2011
                       
                       
Commercial Credit Exposure
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
 
Agricultural
   
  By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
 
Real Estate
 
Agricultural
 
Real Estate
 
Total
 
1 - Pass
 
 $           487,398
 
 $    658,469
 
 $       57,263
 
 $      29,415
 
   $  1,232,545
 
2 - Special Mention
 
                   6,175
 
          35,810
 
                366
 
               463
 
           42,814
 
3 - Substandard
 
                 26,967
 
          56,023
 
             8,128
 
            4,560
 
          95,678
 
4 - Doubtful
 
                      553
 
                   -
 
                  83
 
                   -
 
                636
Total
 
 $           521,093
 
 $    750,302
 
 $       65,840
 
 $      34,438
 
 $  1,371,673
                       
Small Business Credit Exposure
 
 
               
  By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Small Business
             
Total
 
Non-classified
 
 $           241,417
 
 
         
 $     241,417
 
Classified
 
                 18,007
             
           18,007
Total
 
 $           259,424
             
 $     259,424
                       
Consumer Credit Exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
 
Home Equity
 
Direct
 
 
 
Total
 
Performing
 
 $           835,127
 
 $    549,780
 
 $       73,254
 
 
 
 $  1,458,161
 
Nonperforming
 
                   2,078
 
            8,319
 
                517
 
 
 
           10,914
Total
 
 $           837,205
 
 $    558,099
 
 $       73,771
 
 
 
 $  1,469,075
                       
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure
 
Residential
               
  By Payment Activity:
 
Mortgage
             
Total
 
Performing
 
 $           555,191
             
 $     555,191
 
Nonperforming
 
                   9,154
             
             9,154
Total
 
 $           564,345
             
 $     564,345

 
Credit Quality Indicators
As of December 31, 2010
                       
Commercial Credit Exposure
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
 
Agricultural
   
  By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
 
Real Estate
 
Agricultural
 
Real Estate
 
Total
 
1 - Pass
 
 $           441,834
 
 $    654,974
 
 $       61,195
 
 $     30,483
 
 $1,188,486
 
2 - Special Mention
 
                   4,830
 
         35,461
 
                660
 
              936
 
        41,887
 
3 - Substandard
 
                 21,091
 
         46,800
 
             5,606
 
          4,518
 
        78,015
 
4 - Doubtful
 
                       -
 
                   -
 
                  95
 
                 -
 
             95
Total
 
 $           467,755
 
 $    737,235
 
 $       67,556
 
 $     35,937
 
 $1,308,483
                       
Small Business Credit Exposure
 
 
               
  By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Small Business
             
Total
 
Non-classified
 
 $           253,120
 
 
         
 $   253,120
 
Classified
 
                 18,768
             
        18,768
Total
 
 $           271,888
             
 $   271,888
                       
Consumer Credit Exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
 
Home Equity
 
Direct
 
 
 
Total
 
Performing
 
 $           826,956
 
 $    569,283
 
 $       76,237
 
 
 
 $1,472,476
 
Nonperforming
 
                   1,971
 
            6,395
 
                399
 
 
 
        8,765
Total
 
 $           828,927
 
 $    575,678
 
 $       76,636
 
 
 
 $1,481,241
                       
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure
 
Residential
               
  By Payment Activity:
 
Mortgage
             
Total
 
Performing
 
 $           539,743
             
 $   539,743
 
Nonperforming
 
                   8,651
             
          8,651
Total
 
 $           548,394
             
 $   548,394