Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Income Taxes

Our provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of (table in millions):

	2015			2014			2013
Federal:
Current	$	673		$	955		$	698
Deferred	(152		)	(308		)	(163		)
	521			647			535
State:
Current	65			81			84
Deferred	(58		)	(70		)	(23		)
	7			11			61
Foreign:
Current	206			228			192
Deferred	(24		)	(18		)	(16		)
	182			210			176
Total provision for income taxes	$	710		$	868		$	772

Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision to Statutory Federal Tax Rate

A reconciliation of our income tax provision to the statutory federal tax rate is as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Statutory federal tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State taxes, net of federal taxes	0.6	%	1.2	%	0.7	%
Accounting for historical uncertain tax positions	(0.1	)%	1.1	%	(0.4	)%
Tax rate differential for international jurisdictions and other international related tax items	(12.8	)%	(11.6	)%	(15.3	)%
U.S. tax credits	(2.7	)%	(1.9	)%	(3.8	)%
Change in valuation allowance	0.6	%	(2.3	)%	0.7	%
U.S. domestic production activities deduction	(1.4	)%	(1.8	)%	(1.5	)%
International reorganization of acquired companies	—	%	—	%	0.6	%
Permanent items	4.3	%	3.9	%	3.8	%
Other	1.1	%	(0.5	)%	0.2	%
	24.6	%	23.1	%	20.0	%

Components of Current and Noncurrent Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (table in millions):

	December 31, 2015						December 31, 2014
	Deferred Tax Asset			Deferred Tax Liability			Deferred Tax Asset			Deferred Tax Liability
Accounts and notes receivable	$	55		$	—		$	58		$	—
Inventory	70			—			73			—
Accrued expenses	295			—			275			—
Deferred revenue	987			—			833			—
Property, plant and equipment, net	—			(325		)	—			(322		)
Intangible and other assets, net	—			(569		)	—			(597		)
Equity	252			—			257			—
Other non-current liabilities	—			(8		)	27			—
Credit carryforwards	281			—			256			—
Net operating losses	137			—			115			—
Other comprehensive loss	133			—			103			—
Gross deferred tax assets and liabilities	2,210			(902		)	1,997			(919		)
Valuation allowance	(144		)	—			(126		)	—
Total deferred tax assets and liabilities	$	2,066		$	(902	)	$	1,871		$	(919	)

Rollforward of Gross Consolidated Liability for Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits

The following is a rollforward of our gross consolidated liability for unrecognized income tax benefits for the three years ended December 31 (table in millions):

	2015			2014			2013
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year	$	383		$	266		$	270
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions	104			63			37
Reductions	—			—			—
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions	128			91			10
Reductions	(54		)	(31		)	(33		)
Settlements	(13		)	(1		)	(5		)
Lapses in statutes of limitations	(20		)	(5		)	(13		)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year	$	528		$	383		$	266