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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes
Income Taxes

The income tax provision includes U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign income taxes and is based on the application of a forecasted annual income tax rate applied to the current quarter's year-to-date pre-tax income or loss. In determining the estimated annual effective income tax rate, the Company analyzes various factors, including projections of the Company's annual earnings, taxing jurisdictions in which the earnings will be generated, the impact of state and local income taxes, the Company's ability to use tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards, and available tax planning alternatives. Discrete items, including the effect of changes in tax laws, tax rates and certain circumstances with respect to valuation allowances or other unusual or non-recurring tax adjustments are reflected in the period in which they occur as an addition to, or reduction from, the income tax provision, rather than included in the estimated effective annual income tax rate. The Company's effective income tax rate is affected by the benefit of percentage depletion.

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014 were 4.1% and 15.1%, respectively. The effective income tax rate in the three months ended September 30, 2015 was lower due to discrete tax benefits and a shift in the mix of taxable income and/or loss toward entities with lower effective income tax rates. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was 10.5%. The effective income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was not meaningful as the $1.9 million income tax benefit was not directly correlated to the $0.7 million pre-tax income. The rate was impacted by net favorable discrete tax items totaling $2.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 primarily from the conclusion of the 2011 and 2012 U.S. federal tax return examinations.