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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
 
The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, consisting of current foreign and state income tax expense and deferred federal and state income tax expense. The Company’s deferred U.S. federal and state tax expense in 2017 primarily represents an increase in the deferred tax liability related to the difference between tax and book accounting for the portion of its goodwill that is tax-deductible, which is amortized over 15 years for tax purposes but not amortized for book purposes. Given its continuing tax losses, the Company does not expect to incur current U.S. federal tax expense or benefit against its pretax income during the year ending December 31, 2017.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption resulted in an increase to the net operating loss carryforward deferred tax asset and a corresponding valuation allowance of $9.6 million attributable to excess tax benefits not previously recognized as they did not reduce income taxes payable. The cumulative adjustment was fully offset by a valuation allowance for the same amount; thus the net effect of both adjustments was zero. 

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had gross deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) of approximately $106.9 million. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against substantially all of its DTAs, in excess of its nettable deferred tax liabilities, that it does not consider to meet the more-likely-than-not criteria for recognition. In assessing the realizability of DTAs, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the DTAs will not be realized. The Company’s ability to realize the benefit of its DTAs in future periods will depend on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Due to the Company’s history of losses and its planned near-term investments in its growth, the Company continues to record a valuation allowance against substantially all of its DTAs that are in excess of its deferred tax liabilities. The Company will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance in future periods and does not expect to reduce the valuation allowance against its DTAs until it has a sufficient historical trend of taxable income and can predict future income with a higher degree of certainty. In the event there is a change in circumstances in the future which would affect the utilization of the Company’s DTAs, the tax provision in that period would be adjusted by the amount of the assets then deemed to be realizable.