Retirement benefits

Pension plans

We have various defined-benefit pension plans covering eligible current and former employees. Benefits under most plans are based on salary and years of service.

The components of net periodic pension cost for our pension plans were as follows:



	U.S. Plans					Non-U.S. Plans				Total
(In millions)	2018			2017		2018		2017		2018		2017

Three months ended September 30,

Service cost	$	—		—		2.6		2.8		2.6		2.8
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	8.0			8.8		2.5		3.2		10.5		12.0
Return on assets – expected	(13.4		)	(13.3	)	(2.7	)	(2.6	)	(16.1	)	(15.9	)
Amortization of losses	6.8			6.3		1.0		1.4		7.8		7.7
Amortization of prior service cost	—			—		—		0.4		—		0.4
Settlement loss	—			—		0.4		0.6		0.4		0.6
Net periodic pension cost	$	1.4		1.8		3.8		5.8		5.2		7.6

Nine months ended September 30,

Service cost	$	—		—		8.2		8.5		8.2		8.5
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	24.0			26.4		9.8		12.3		33.8		38.7
Return on assets – expected	(40.2		)	(39.9	)	(8.4	)	(7.4	)	(48.6	)	(47.3	)
Amortization of losses	20.8			18.7		3.3		4.0		24.1		22.7
Amortization of prior service cost	—			—		0.2		0.8		0.2		0.8
Settlement loss	—			—		1.4		1.4		1.4		1.4
Net periodic pension cost	$	4.6		5.2		14.5		19.6		19.1		24.8

We did not make cash contributions to the primary U.S. pension plan in 2017 or the first nine months of 2018. Based on assumptions described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, we do not expect to make any additional contributions to the primary U.S. pension plan.

Retirement benefits other than pensions

We provide retirement healthcare benefits for eligible current and former U.S., Canadian, and Brazilian employees. Retirement benefits related to our former U.S. coal operations include medical benefits provided by the Pittston Coal Group Companies Employee Benefit Plan for United Mine Workers of America Represented Employees (the “UMWA plans”) as well as costs related to Black Lung obligations.

The components of net periodic postretirement cost related to retirement benefits other than pensions were as follows:



	UMWA Plans					Black Lung and Other Plans		Total
(In millions)	2018			2017		2018	2017	2018		2017

Three months ended September 30,

Interest cost on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations	$	4.2		4.6		0.7	0.9	4.9		5.5
Return on assets – expected	(4.1		)	(4.1	)	—	—	(4.1	)	(4.1	)
Amortization of losses	4.9			5.2		1.6	1.0	6.5		6.2
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(1.2		)	(1.2	)	0.2	0.5	(1.0	)	(0.7	)
Net periodic postretirement cost	$	3.8		4.5		2.5	2.4	6.3		6.9

Nine months ended September 30,

Service cost	$	—		—		0.1	0.1	0.1		0.1
Interest cost on accumulated postretirement benefit obligations	12.9			13.7		2.3	2.4	15.2		16.1
Return on assets – expected	(12.5		)	(12.4	)	—	—	(12.5	)	(12.4	)
Amortization of losses	15.4			14.6		4.3	3.0	19.7		17.6
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(3.5		)	(3.5	)	0.8	1.3	(2.7	)	(2.2	)
Net periodic postretirement cost	$	12.3		12.4		7.5	6.8	19.8		19.2

The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement cost other than the service cost component are included in interest and other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.