Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

The Brink’s Company (along with its subsidiaries, “we,” “our,” “Brink’s” or the “Company”), based in Richmond, Virginia, is a leading provider of secure transportation, cash management services and other security-related services to banks and financial institutions, retailers, government agencies, mints, jewelers and other commercial operations around the world. Brink’s is the oldest and largest secure transportation and cash management services company in the U.S., and a market leader in many other countries.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Brink’s and the subsidiaries it controls. Control is determined based on ownership rights or, when applicable, based on whether we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. Our interest in 20% to 50% owned companies that are not controlled are accounted for using the equity method (“equity affiliates”), unless we do not sufficiently influence the management of the investee. Other investments are accounted for as cost-method investments or as available-for-sale investments. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when services related to armored vehicle transportation, ATM services, cash management services, payment services, guarding and the secure international transportation of valuables are performed. Customer contracts have prices that are fixed and determinable and we assess the customer’s ability to meet the contractual terms, including payment terms, before entering into contracts. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents include amounts held by certain of our secure cash management services operations for customers for which, under local regulations, the title transfers to us for a short period of time. The cash is generally credited to customers’ accounts the following day and we do not consider it as available for general corporate purposes in the management of our liquidity and capital resources. We record a liability for the amounts owed to customers

Trade Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses on our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical write-off experience. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated principally on the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of individual assets or classes of assets.

Leased property and equipment meeting capital lease criteria are capitalized at the lower of the present value of the related lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease. Amortization is calculated on the straight-line method based on the lease term.

Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost. Amortization is calculated principally on the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the leasehold improvement or the lease term. Renewal periods are included in the lease term when the renewal is determined to be reasonably assured.

Part of the costs related to the development or purchase of internal-use software is capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs that are capitalized include external direct costs of materials and services to develop or obtain the software, and internal costs, including compensation and employee benefits for employees directly associated with a software development project.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets of businesses acquired. Intangible assets arising from business acquisitions include customer lists, customer relationships, covenants not to compete, trademarks and other identifiable intangibles. At December 31, 2015, finite-lived intangible assets have remaining useful lives ranging from 1 to 12 years and are amortized based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are used or on a straight-line basis.

Impairment of Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is at the operating segment level or one level below an operating segment. Goodwill is assigned to one or more reporting units at the date of acquisition. Prior to the restructuring of our global organization in the fourth quarter of 2014, our reporting units were Latin America, EMEA, North America and Asia.

After the 2014 restructuring, we now have ten reporting units which are comprised of:


•	each of the five countries within Largest 5 Markets (U.S., France, Mexico, Brazil and Canada),


•	each of the three regions within Global Markets (Latin America, EMEA and Asia),


•	the Latin American Payment Services businesses, and


•	the U.S. Payment Services business

We performed a goodwill impairment test on the new reporting units that had goodwill as of December 31, 2014.

We performed goodwill impairment tests on the reporting units that had goodwill as of October 1, 2015. We performed a quantitative analysis to determine whether reporting unit fair values exceeded their carrying amounts. We based our estimates of fair value on projected future cash flows and completed these impairment tests, as well as the tests in the previous two years, with no impairment charges required.

Indefinite-lived intangibles are also tested for impairment at least annually by comparing their carrying values to their estimated fair values. We have had no significant impairments of indefinite-lived intangibles in the last three years.

Long-lived assets other than goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangibles are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.

For long-lived assets other than goodwill that are to be held and used in operations, an impairment is indicated when the estimated total undiscounted cash flow associated with the asset or group of assets is less than carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value.

Retirement Benefit Plans

We account for retirement benefit obligations under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits. For U.S. and certain non-U.S. retirement plans, we derive the discount rates used to measure the present value of benefit obligations using the cash flow matching method. Under this method, we compare the plan’s projected payment obligations by year with the corresponding yields on a Mercer yield curve. Each year’s projected cash flows are then discounted back to their present value at the measurement date and an overall discount rate is determined. The overall discount rate is then rounded to the nearest tenth of a percentage point. In non-U.S. locations where the cash flow matching method is not possible, rates of local high-quality long-term government bonds are used to select the discount rate.

We used Mercer’s Above-Mean Curve to determine the discount rates for the year-end benefit obligations and retirement cost of our U.S. retirement plans.

We select the expected long-term rate of return assumption for our U.S. pension plan and retiree medical plans using advice from an investment advisor and an actuary. The selected rate considers plan asset allocation targets, expected overall investment manager performance and long-term historical average compounded rates of return.

Benefit plan experience gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Accumulated net benefit plan experience gains and losses that exceed 10% of the greater of a plan’s benefit obligation or plan assets at the beginning of the year are amortized into earnings from other comprehensive income (loss) on a straight-line basis. The amortization period for pension plans is the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. The amortization period for other retirement plans is primarily the average remaining life expectancy of inactive participants.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to recognize the expected future tax benefits or costs of events that have been, or will be, reported in different years for financial statement purposes than tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which these items are expected to reverse. We recognize tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions if we believe it is more likely than not the benefit will be realized. We review our deferred tax assets to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that they will be realized. If we determine it is not more-likely-than-not that a deferred tax asset will be realized, we record a valuation allowance to reverse the previously recognized tax benefit.

Foreign Currency Transaction

Foreign Currency Translation

Our consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. Our foreign subsidiaries maintain their records primarily in the currency of the country in which they operate.

The method of translating local currency financial information into U.S. dollars depends on whether the economy in which our foreign subsidiary operates has been designated as highly inflationary or not. Economies with a three-year cumulative inflation rate of more than 100% are considered highly inflationary.

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in non-highly inflationary economies are translated into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Revenues and expenses are translated at rates of exchange in effect during the year. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in net income (loss).

Foreign subsidiaries that operate in highly inflationary countries use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Local currency monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange as of each balance sheet date, with remeasurement adjustments and other transaction gains and losses recognized in earnings. Non-monetary assets and liabilities do not fluctuate with changes in local currency exchange rates to the dollar.

Venezuela

The economy in Venezuela has had significant inflation in the last several years. We consolidate our Venezuelan results using our accounting policy for subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies.

Since 2003, the Venezuelan government has controlled the exchange of local currency into other currencies, including the U.S. dollar, and has required that currency exchanges be made at official rates established by the government instead of allowing open markets to determine currency rates. Different official rates exist for different industries and purposes and the government does not approve all requests to convert bolivars to other currencies.

As a result of the restrictions on currency exchange, we have in the past been unable to obtain sufficient U.S. dollars to purchase certain imported supplies and fixed assets to fully operate our business in Venezuela. Consequently, we have occasionally purchased more expensive, bolivar-denominated supplies and fixed assets. Furthermore, there is a risk that official currency exchange mechanisms will be discontinued or will not be accessible when needed in the future, which may prevent us from repatriating dividends or obtaining dollars to operate our Venezuelan operations.

Remeasurement rates during 2013. Through January 31, 2013, we used an official rate of 5.3 bolivars to the dollar to remeasure our bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and to translate our revenues and expenses. After the government discontinued the use of the 5.3 rate in February 2013, we began to use the 6.3 official exchange rate to remeasure bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities and to translate our revenues and expenses. We recognized a $13.4 million net remeasurement loss in 2013 when we changed from the 5.3 to 6.3 exchange rate. The after-tax effect of these losses attributable to noncontrolling interests was $4.7 million in 2013.

Late in 2013, the government added another official exchange process, known as SICAD, for travel and certain other purposes. The published SICAD rate at that time ranged from 10 to 12 bolivars to the dollar. We have only been able to obtain dollars once using the SICAD exchange mechanism and we do not know whether we will be able to access dollars at this rate in the future. We have not used the SICAD rate for translation or for remeasurement purposes.

Remeasurement rates during 2014. Through March 23, 2014, we used the official rate of 6.3 bolivars to the dollar to remeasure our bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and to translate our revenues and expenses. Effective March 24, 2014, the government initiated another exchange mechanism known as SICAD II and we began to use this exchange rate to remeasure bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities and to translate our revenues and expenses. During 2014, the SICAD II rate averaged approximately 50 bolivars to the dollar and, at December 31, 2014, the rate was approximately 50 bolivars to the dollar.

We recognized a $121.6 million net remeasurement loss in 2014 when we changed from the 6.3 rate to the SICAD II exchange rate. The after-tax effect of these losses attributable to noncontrolling interests was $39.7 million in 2014.

While the SICAD II process existed, we received approval to obtain $1.2 million (weighted average exchange rate of 51) through this exchange mechanism.

Remeasurement rates during 2015. Through February 11, 2015, we used the SICAD II rates to remeasure our bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and to translate our revenue and expenses. Effective February 12, 2015, the SICAD II exchange mechanism was disbanded and we began to use the rate under the new exchange mechanism, known as SIMADI, to remeasure bolivar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities and to translate our revenue and expenses.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risks

We routinely assess the financial strength of significant customers and this assessment, combined with the large number and geographic diversity of our customers, limits our concentration of risk with respect to accounts receivable. Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risks are principally cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are held by major financial institutions.

Use of Estimates

In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The most significant estimates are related to goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets, pension and other retirement benefit assets and obligations, legal contingencies, deferred tax assets, purchase price allocations and foreign currency translation.

Fair-value estimates

Fair-value estimates. We have various financial instruments included in our financial statements. Financial instruments are carried in our financial statements at either cost or fair value. We estimate fair value of assets using the following hierarchy using the highest level possible:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

New Accounting Standard Policy

New Accounting Standards

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. Under ASU 2015-03, certain debt issuance costs reported as assets must be reclassified and shown as direct adjustments to the reported debt liability. We elected to early adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2015 using the retrospective transition method.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or its Equivalent). This new standard eliminates the requirement to categorize investments in the fair value hierarchy if their fair values are measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) using the practical expedient in the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance. This new standard impacted our fair value disclosures related to retirement benefit plan investments. We elected to early adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2015 using the retrospective transition method. As a result, the fair value hierarchy presentation as reported at December 31, 2014 has been updated to reflect this guidance.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This new standard requires that all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities shall be classified as noncurrent. We elected to early adopt this ASU as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2015 using the prospective transition method. In our December 31, 2015 balance sheet, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are reported as noncurrent as prescribed by the prospective transition method. We have not adjusted the classification of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in our December 31, 2014 balance sheet.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts with Customers, a new standard related to revenue recognition which requires an entity to recognize an amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods and services to customers. The new standard will replace most of the existing revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of this new standard to January 1, 2018. The new standard can be applied retrospectively to each reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of the change recognized at the date of the initial application in retained earnings. We are assessing the potential impact of this new standard on financial reporting and have not yet selected a transition method.