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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]  
Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases
Finance Assets
Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type lease receivables are generally due in installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our clients for postage and supplies and are generally due monthly; however, clients may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective interest method. Annual fees are recognized ratably over the annual period covered and client acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.
Finance receivables consisted of the following:
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
Sales-type lease receivables      
Gross finance receivables$974,109 $195,085 $1,169,194 $994,985 $211,944 $1,206,929 
Unguaranteed residual values37,576 11,681 49,257 36,405 12,140 48,545 
Unearned income(262,058)(60,825)(322,883)(275,359)(61,686)(337,045)
Allowance for credit losses(23,352)(5,362)(28,714)(22,917)(6,006)(28,923)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables726,275 140,579 866,854 733,114 156,392 889,506 
Loan receivables     
Loan receivables257,766 23,692 281,458 268,690 22,092 290,782 
Allowance for credit losses(6,436)(416)(6,852)(6,484)(462)(6,946)
Net investment in loan receivables251,330 23,276 274,606 262,206 21,630 283,836 
Net investment in finance receivables$977,605 $163,855 $1,141,460 $995,320 $178,022 $1,173,342 


Maturities of gross sales-type lease receivables and gross loan receivables at June 30, 2021 were as follows:
Sales-type Lease ReceivablesLoan Receivables
North AmericaInternationalTotalNorth AmericaInternationalTotal
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2021$202,304 $34,907 $237,211 $203,523 $23,692 $227,215 
Year ending December 31, 2022331,782 69,397 401,179 16,556 — 16,556 
Year ending December 31, 2023228,869 46,650 275,519 10,797 — 10,797 
Year ending December 31, 2024131,795 26,584 158,379 13,140 — 13,140 
Year ending December 31, 202562,734 12,918 75,652 11,449 — 11,449 
Thereafter16,625 4,629 21,254 2,301 — 2,301 
Total$974,109 $195,085 $1,169,194 $257,766 $23,692 $281,458 
Aging of Receivables
The aging of gross finance receivables was as follows:
June 30, 2021
Sales-type Lease ReceivablesLoan Receivables
North
America
InternationalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Past due amounts 0 - 90 days$962,059 $193,747 $253,061 $23,486 $1,432,353 
Past due amounts > 90 days12,050 1,338 4,705 206 18,299 
Total$974,109 $195,085 $257,766 $23,692 $1,450,652 
Past due amounts > 90 days     
Still accruing interest$2,449 $275 $ $ $2,724 
Not accruing interest9,601 1,063 4,705 206 15,575 
Total$12,050 $1,338 $4,705 $206 $18,299 

December 31, 2020
Sales-type Lease ReceivablesLoan Receivables
North
America
InternationalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Past due amounts 0 - 90 days$972,266 $208,968 $264,484 $21,932 $1,467,650 
Past due amounts > 90 days22,719 2,976 4,206 160 30,061 
Total$994,985 $211,944 $268,690 $22,092 $1,497,711 
Past due amounts > 90 days     
Still accruing interest$5,128 $463 $1,797 $59 $7,447 
Not accruing interest17,591 2,513 2,409 101 22,614 
Total$22,719 $2,976 $4,206 $160 $30,061 

Allowance for Credit Losses
We estimate an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, current conditions, management forecasts and independent economic forecasts. Credit losses are estimated at the portfolio level based on asset type and geographic market. Historical loss experience is based on actual loss rates over the average term of the asset of five years for sales-type lease receivables and three years for loan receivables (including accrued interest). The assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from estimated reserves.
We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. However, we believe that our credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.
Activity in the allowance for credit losses for finance receivables was as follows:
Sales-type Lease ReceivablesLoan Receivables
North
America
InternationalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Balance at January 1, 2021$22,917 $6,006 $6,484 $462 $35,869 
Amounts charged to expense1,127 (81)1,477 (23)2,500 
Write-offs(2,226)(631)(3,392)(29)(6,278)
Recoveries1,500 146 1,862 1 3,509 
Other34 (78)5 5 (34)
Balance at June 30, 2021$23,352 $5,362 $6,436 $416 $35,566 
Sales-type Lease ReceivablesLoan Receivables
North
America
InternationalNorth
America
InternationalTotal
Balance at December 31, 2019$10,920 $2,085 $5,906 $740 $19,651 
Cumulative effect of accounting change9,271 1,750 (1,116)(402)9,503 
Amounts charged to expense9,025 1,257 4,758 208 15,248 
Write-offs (3,536)(386)(4,542)(297)(8,761)
Recoveries946 44 1,386 2,377 
Other(23)(7)90 36 96 
Balance at June 30, 2020$26,603 $4,743 $6,482 $286 $38,114 

Credit Quality
The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of a client's credit score, where available, and a detailed manual review of their financial condition and payment history or an automated process for certain small dollar applications. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes to ensure that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.
We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a proprietary commercial credit score. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including financial information, payment history, company type and ownership structure. We stratify the third party's credit scores of our clients into low, medium and high-risk accounts. Due to timing and other issues, our entire portfolio may not be scored at period end. We report these amounts as "Not Scored"; however, absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The third-party credit score is used to predict the payment behaviors of our clients and the probability that an account will become greater than 90 days past due during the subsequent 12-month period.
Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and a predicted delinquency rate of less than 5%.
Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and a predicted delinquency rate between 5% and 10%.
High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent. The predicted delinquency rate would be greater than 10%.
The table below shows the gross sales-type lease receivable and loan receivable balances by relative risk class and year of origination based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class as of June 30, 2021 and December 30, 2020.
Sales Type Lease ReceivablesLoan ReceivablesTotal
20212020201920182017Prior
Low$145,875 $218,083 $189,322 $127,968 $55,954 $25,132 $191,571 $953,905 
Medium27,370 44,107 43,995 29,079 15,255 5,737 51,877 217,420 
High2,866 5,405 4,959 2,952 1,475 1,335 4,610 23,602 
Not Scored47,676 64,035 59,108 33,966 13,581 3,959 33,400 255,725 
Total$223,787 $331,630 $297,384 $193,965 $86,265 $36,163 $281,458 $1,450,652 
Sales Type Lease ReceivablesLoan ReceivablesTotal
20202019201820172016Prior
Low$256,573 $228,344 $165,244 $87,346 $30,518 $12,249 $192,971 $973,245 
Medium50,785 49,946 37,168 21,388 6,470 2,375 61,625 229,757 
High6,182 5,396 3,782 1,974 1,051 143 4,518 23,046 
Not Scored80,854 77,362 48,704 24,291 7,813 971 31,668 271,663 
Total$394,394 $361,048 $254,898 $134,999 $45,852 $15,738 $290,782 $1,497,711 

The majority of the Not Scored amounts above is within our International portfolio. We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive as there is no single credit score model that covers all countries. Approximately 80% of credit applications are approved or denied through the automated review process. All other credit applications are manually reviewed by obtaining client financial information, credit reports and other available financial information.

Lease Income
Lease income from sales-type leases was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Profit recognized at commencement (1)
$32,057 $21,271 $64,365 $51,179 
Interest income47,770 52,277 96,266 106,083 
Total lease income from sales-type leases$79,827 $73,548 $160,631 $157,262 
(1) Lease contracts do not include variable lease payments.

The disclosure of total lease income from sales-type leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 has been revised from $55 million to $74 million and from $119 million to $157 million, respectively. The revision did not have any impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Lessor Operating Leases
We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms of one to five years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2021$19,276 
Year ending December 31, 202222,961 
Year ending December 31, 202313,010 
Year ending December 31, 20249,968 
Year ending December 31, 20253,760 
Thereafter196 
Total$69,171