10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________

Commission file number: 1-03579

PITNEY BOWES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

State of incorporation: Delaware I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 06-0495050

Address:	3001 Summer Street,		Stamford,	Connecticut	06926
Telephone Number:	(203)	356-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $1 par value per share	PBI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	þ	Accelerated filer	o	Non-accelerated filer	o
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

As of October 31, 2019, 170,848,234 shares of common stock, par value $1 per share, of the registrant were outstanding.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

INDEX

		Page Number
Part I - Financial Information:
Item 1:	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	42
Item 4:	Controls and Procedures	42
Part II - Other Information:
Item 1:	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A:	Risk Factors	43
Item 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 6:	Exhibits	44
Signatures		45

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Financial Statements

PITNEY BOWES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue:
Equipment sales	$	89,618		$	88,799		$	264,956		$	289,318
Supplies	44,818			50,403			142,261			165,853
Rentals	19,737			21,432			60,339			65,852
Financing	90,577			96,799			280,039			294,277
Support services	126,274			138,055			382,578			417,303
Business services	419,101			364,793			1,243,609			1,121,505
Total revenue	790,125			760,281			2,373,782			2,354,108
Costs and expenses:
Cost of equipment sales	59,859			52,209			182,094			173,626
Cost of supplies	12,225			13,967			37,533			46,652
Cost of rentals	5,090			9,174			23,223			30,386
Financing interest expense	11,026			10,849			33,433			33,107
Cost of support services	41,086			45,872			123,453			134,204
Cost of business services	338,519			287,237			1,003,483			872,183
Selling, general and administrative	254,092			241,350			757,228			759,469
Research and development	12,272			15,636			38,421			44,651
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	47,017			6,099			56,616			18,771
Interest expense, net	28,704			26,588			84,325			89,377
Other components of net pension and postretirement cost	(882		)	(1,852		)	(3,138		)	(6,070		)
Other expense	667			7,964			18,350			7,964
Total costs and expenses	809,675			715,093			2,355,021			2,204,320
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes	(19,550		)	45,188			18,761			149,788
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(24,895		)	(2,468		)	(13,351		)	17,235
Income from continuing operations	5,345			47,656			32,112			132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621			(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842
Basic earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25		$	0.18		$	0.71
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17			(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43		$	0.10		$	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25		$	0.18		$	0.70
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17			(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43		$	0.10		$	1.02

⁽¹⁾ The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited; in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $(655), $(3,474), $(1,078) and $(3,474), respectively	(27,962		)	(2,475		)	(6,584		)	(30,334		)
Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $51, $174, $27 and $474, respectively	149			522			78			773
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, net of tax of $509, $(417), $2,573 and $(2,230), respectively	1,487			(1,218		)	7,516			(6,514		)
Amortization of pension and postretirement costs, net of tax benefits of $2,633, $2,399, $7,406 and $7,766, respectively	7,552			8,810			21,499			24,850
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(18,774		)	5,639			22,509			(11,225		)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(21,899	)	$	85,916		$	40,422		$	180,617

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	514,851		$	867,262
Short-term investments	137,032			59,391
Accounts and other receivables (net of allowance of $20,971 and $17,443, respectively)	365,522			371,797
Short-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $12,819 and $12,418, respectively)	617,178			653,236
Inventories	76,339			62,279
Current income taxes	25,598			5,947
Other current assets and prepayments	101,829			74,782
Assets of discontinued operations	568,413			602,823
Total current assets	2,406,762			2,697,517
Property, plant and equipment, net	371,666			398,501
Rental property and equipment, net	39,400			46,228
Long-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $7,305 and $7,804 respectively)	616,746			635,908
Goodwill	1,317,037			1,332,351
Intangible assets, net	199,715			213,200
Operating lease assets	172,617			152,554
Noncurrent income taxes	80,561			65,001
Other assets	392,720			397,159
Total assets	$	5,597,224		$	5,938,419
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,337,214		$	1,348,127
Current operating lease liabilities	34,091			35,208
Current portion of long-term debt	501,728			199,535
Advance billings	106,968			116,862
Current income taxes	8,525			15,284
Liabilities of discontinued operations	157,034			174,798
Total current liabilities	2,145,560			1,889,814
Long-term debt	2,567,363			3,066,073
Deferred taxes on income	253,151			253,560
Tax uncertainties and other income tax liabilities	45,179			39,548
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125			125,294
Other noncurrent liabilities	412,434			462,288
Total liabilities	5,571,812			5,836,577
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 14)
Stockholders’ equity:
Cumulative preferred stock, $50 par value, 4% convertible	—			1
Cumulative preference stock, no par value, $2.12 convertible	—			396
Common stock, $1 par value (480,000,000 shares authorized; 323,337,912 shares issued)	323,338			323,338
Additional paid-in capital	101,651			121,475
Retained earnings	5,270,741			5,279,682
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(926,452		)	(948,961		)
Treasury stock, at cost (153,182,446 and 135,662,830 shares, respectively)	(4,743,866		)	(4,674,089		)
Total stockholders’ equity	25,412			101,842
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	5,597,224		$	5,938,419

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited; in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	17,913		$	191,842
Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax	14,199			(59,289		)
Restructuring payments	(18,845		)	(39,242		)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	118,514			112,155
Stock-based compensation	15,867			15,771
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	56,616			18,771
Loss on disposition of businesses	17,683			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures:
Decrease in accounts receivable	12,509			1,655
Decrease in finance receivables	34,674			63,128
Increase in inventories	(14,559		)	(1,889		)
Increase in other current assets and prepayments	(30,546		)	(10,585		)
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(17,526		)	(80,905		)
(Decrease) increase in current and noncurrent income taxes	(30,401		)	194
Decrease in advance billings	(3,802		)	(12,403		)
Other, net	(5,870		)	(9,061		)
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations	166,426			190,142
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations	15,858			68,428
Net cash provided by operating activities	182,284			258,570
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(45,178		)	(74,270		)
Proceeds from sales/maturities of available-for-sale securities	78,024			67,354
Net activity from short-term and other investments	(92,418		)	8,479
Capital expenditures	(95,221		)	(105,295		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(22,100		)	(2,407		)
Change in reserve account deposits	3,125			6,864
Other investing activities	(9,341		)	(2,500		)
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations	(183,109		)	(101,775		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities - discontinued operations	(18,572		)	336,016
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(201,681		)	234,241
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments of long-term debt	(202,640		)	(565,141		)
Dividends paid to stockholders	(26,854		)	(105,296		)
Common stock repurchases	(105,000		)	—
Other financing activities	7,302			(55,485		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(327,192		)	(725,922		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(5,822		)	(15,653		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(352,411		)	(248,764		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	867,262			1,009,021
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	514,851			760,257
Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations	—			1,026
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at end of period	$	514,851		$	759,231
Cash interest paid	$	110,943		$	127,624
Cash income tax payments, net of refunds	$	25,527		$	17,168

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Pitney Bowes Inc. (we, us, our, or the company) is a global technology company providing innovative products and commerce solutions that power billions of transactions and help our clients navigate the complex world of commerce. We offer shipping, mailing, fulfillment, returns and cross-border ecommerce products and solutions that enable the sending of parcels and packages across the globe. Clients around the world rely on the accuracy and precision delivered by Pitney Bowes solutions. Pitney Bowes Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1920. For more information about us, our products, services and solutions, visit www.pb.com.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In addition, the December 31, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In management's opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2019. These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report to Stockholders on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2018 Annual Report).

In the quarter, we recast our segment reporting to combine North America Mailing and International Mailing into the Sending Technology Solutions (SendTech Solutions) segment to reflect how we manage these operations and the products and services provided to our clients.

In August 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Software Solutions business. Software Solutions offers customer information management, location intelligence and customer engagement products and solutions to help clients market to their customers. The Software Solutions business is now reported as a discontinued operation in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and prior periods have been recast to conform to the current period presentation. See Note 4 for further details.

In January 2019, we sold the direct operations and moved to a dealer model in six smaller markets within the SendTech Solutions segment (Market Exits) and recognized a pre-tax loss of $18 million in other expense.

Accounts and other receivables includes other receivables of $102 million at September 30, 2019 and $75 million at December 31, 2018.

Based on their nature, we determined that certain costs previously classified as research and development and cost of business services should be classified in other line items within costs and expenses. Accordingly, the income statement for the three months ended September 30, 2018 has been revised to correct the classification of these costs by reducing research and development expense and cost of business services by $8 million and $4 million, respectively, and increasing selling, general and administrative expense and cost of equipment sales by $9 million and $3 million, respectively. The income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been revised to correct the classification of these costs by reducing research and development expense and cost of business services by $20 million and $10 million, respectively, and increasing selling, general and administrative expense and cost of equipment sales by $22 million and $8 million, respectively.

The classification of certain prior year costs of revenue have been revised to correct and conform to the current year presentation. Accordingly, for the three months ended September 30, 2018, both cost of equipment sales and cost of rentals were reduced by $1 million and cost of support services was increased by $2 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cost of equipment sales and cost of rentals were reduced by $4 million and $3 million, respectively, and cost of support services increased by $7 million.

The December 31, 2018 balance sheet has been revised to correct the classification of assets and liabilities by reducing short-term finance receivables and advance billings by $106 million and $6 million, respectively, and increasing long-term finance receivables by $100 million.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, Leases (ASC 842), using the modified retrospective transition approach of applying the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

recognized a cumulative effect adjustment at January 1, 2017 to reduce retained earnings by $137 million and recast prior period financial statements. See Notes 7 and 15 for more information.

From a lessor perspective, the standard simplifies the accounting for lease modifications and aligns accounting of lease contracts with revenue recognition guidance. We continue to classify leases as sales-type or operating, with the determination affecting both the pattern and classification of income recognition. There were changes in the timing and classification of revenue related to contract modifications. There were also changes related to the definition of a leased asset, which requires us to account for two lease components as a single lease component. Under prior guidance, one of the components was generally accounted for as a sales-type lease and the second as an operating lease. Under ASC 842, the two components are generally accounted for as sales-type leases and certain income and costs previously recognized over the life of the lease are now accelerated.

From a lessee perspective, the standard requires us to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for real estate and equipment operating leases and to provide new disclosures about our leasing activities. We elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and did not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for our lessee portfolio.

Updates to significant accounting policies disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report due to the adoption of ASC 842 are discussed below.

Equipment sales: We sell and lease equipment directly to customers and to distributors (re-sellers) throughout the world. The amount of revenue allocated to the equipment is based on a range of observable selling prices in standalone transactions. Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized as equipment sales revenue when control of the equipment transfers to the customer, which is upon shipment for self-installed products and upon installation or customer acceptance for other products. We do not typically offer any rights of return.

Rentals: Rentals revenue includes revenue from mailing equipment that does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a sales-type lease. We may invoice in advance for rentals according to the terms of the agreement. We initially defer these advanced billings and recognize rentals revenue on a straight-line basis over the rental period. Revenue generated from financing clients for the continued use of equipment subsequent to the expiration of the original lease is recognized as rentals revenue.

Financing: We provide financing for our products primarily through sales-type leases. We also provide revolving lines of credit for the purchase of postage and supplies. We record financing income over the lease term using the effective interest method. Financing revenue also includes amounts related to sales-type leases that customers have extended or renewed for an additional term. Revenue for these contracts is recognized over the term of the modified lease using the effective interest method. We believe that our sales-type lease portfolio contains only normal collection risk.

Equipment residual values are determined at the inception of the lease using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. Fair value estimates are based primarily on historical experience. We also consider forecasted supply and demand for products, product retirement and launch plans, client behavior, regulatory changes, remanufacturing strategies, used equipment markets, competition and technological changes. We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Estimated increases in future residual values are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed.

Support services: Support services revenue includes revenue from equipment service contracts, subscriptions and meter services. Revenue is allocated to these services using selling prices charged in standalone replacement and renewal transactions. Since we have a stand-ready obligation to provide these services over the entire contract term, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Business services: Business services revenue includes revenue from mail processing services and ecommerce solutions. These services represent a series of distinct services that are similar in nature and revenue is recognized as the services are provided. We review third party relationships and record revenue on a gross basis when we act as a principal in a transaction and on a net basis when we act as an agent between a client and vendor. In determining whether we are acting as principal or agent, we consider several factors such as whether we are the primary obligor to the client, have control over pricing or have inventory risk.

On January 1, 2019, we also adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

In July 2019, we prospectively adopted ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The early adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU sets forth a current expected credit loss model, which requires companies to measure expected credit losses for all financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonably supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This standard is effective beginning January 1, 2020. We have completed the scoping of financial assets that will be impacted by the standard and are in the process of finalizing models to measure expected credit losses.

2. Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source and timing of recognition:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	19,062	$	19,062	$	70,556	$	89,618
Supplies	—		—		44,818		44,818		—		44,818
Rentals	—		—		—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		—		—		90,577		90,577
Support services	—		—		126,274		126,274		—		126,274
Business services	278,995		131,483		8,623		419,101		—		419,101
Subtotal	278,995		131,483		198,777		609,255		$	180,870	$	790,125
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		70,556		70,556
Rentals	—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		90,577		90,577
Total revenue	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	379,647	$	790,125
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	63,880	$	63,880
Products/services transferred over time	278,995		131,483		134,897		545,375
Total	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	198,777	$	609,255

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	20,428	$	20,428	$	68,371	$	88,799
Supplies	—		—		50,403		50,403		—		50,403
Rentals	—		—		—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		—		—		96,799		96,799
Support services	—		—		138,055		138,055		—		138,055
Business services	232,845		125,334		6,614		364,793		—		364,793
Subtotal	232,845		125,334		215,500		573,679		$	186,602	$	760,281
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		68,371		68,371
Rentals	—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		96,799		96,799
Total revenue	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	402,102	$	760,281
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	70,831	$	70,831
Products/services transferred over time	232,845		125,334		144,669		502,848
Total	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	215,500	$	573,679

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	59,739	$	59,739	$	205,217	$	264,956
Supplies	—		—		142,261		142,261		—		142,261
Rentals	—		—		—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		—		—		280,039		280,039
Support services	—		—		382,578		382,578		—		382,578
Business services	827,568		394,468		21,573		1,243,609		—		1,243,609
Subtotal	827,568		394,468		606,151		1,828,187		$	545,595	$	2,373,782
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		205,217		205,217
Rentals	—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		280,039		280,039
Total revenue	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	1,151,746	$	2,373,782
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	202,000	$	202,000
Products/services transferred over time	827,568		394,468		404,151		1,626,187
Total	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	606,151	$	1,828,187

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	64,482	$	64,482	$	224,836	$	289,318
Supplies	—		—		165,853		165,853		—		165,853
Rentals	—		—		—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		—		—		294,277		294,277
Support services	—		—		417,303		417,303		—		417,303
Business services	718,535		382,522		20,448		1,121,505		—		1,121,505
Subtotal	718,535		382,522		668,086		1,769,143		$	584,965	$	2,354,108
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		224,836		224,836
Rentals	—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		294,277		294,277
Total revenue	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	1,253,051	$	2,354,108
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	230,335	$	230,335
Products/services transferred over time	718,535		382,522		437,751		1,538,808
Total	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	668,086	$	1,769,143

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Our performance obligations are as follows:

Equipment sales and supplies: Performance obligations generally include the sale of mailing equipment, excluding sales-type leases, and supplies. We recognize revenue upon delivery for self-install equipment and supplies and upon acceptance or installation for other equipment. We provide a warranty that our equipment is free of defects and meets stated specifications. The warranty is not considered a separate performance obligation.

Support services: Performance obligations include providing maintenance, professional services, and subscription and meter services for our mailing equipment. Contract terms range from one year to five years, depending on the term of the lease contract for the related equipment. Revenue for maintenance, subscription and meter services is recognized ratably over the contract period and revenue for professional services is recognized when services are provided.

Business services: Performance obligations include providing mail processing services and ecommerce solutions. Revenue is recognized over time as the services are provided. The contract terms for these services vary, with the initial contracts in the range of one to five years, followed by annual renewal periods.

Revenue from leasing transactions and financing includes revenue from equipment accounted for as sales-type leases and operating leases, finance income and late fees.

Advance Billings from Contracts with Customers

	Balance sheet location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		Increase (decrease)
Advance billings, current	Advance billings	$	97,666	$	111,829	$	(14,163	)
Advance billings, noncurrent	Other noncurrent liabilities	$	1,413	$	1,985	$	(572	)

Advance billings are recorded when cash payments are due in advance of our performance. Items in advance billings primarily relate to support services on equipment and subscription services. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term.

The net decrease in advance billings at September 30, 2019 is due to revenue recognized during the period in excess of advance billings. Revenue recognized during the period includes $114 million of advance billings at the beginning of the period, partially offset by advance billings in the quarter.

Future Performance Obligations

Future performance obligations include revenue streams bundled with our leasing contracts, primarily maintenance, meter services and other subscription services. The transaction prices allocated to future performance obligations will be recognized as follows:

	Remainder of 2019		2020		2021-2024		Total
SendTech Solutions	$	77,171	$	272,621	$	421,746	$	771,538

The table above does not include revenue related to performance obligations for contracts with terms less than 12 months and expected consideration for those performance obligations where revenue is recognized based on the amount billable to the customer.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

3. Segment Information

Our reportable segments are Global Ecommerce, Presort Services and SendTech Solutions. Global Ecommerce and Presort Services comprise the Commerce Services reporting group. The principal products and services of each reportable segment are as follows:

Global Ecommerce: Includes the revenue and related expenses from products and services that enable domestic and cross-border ecommerce transactions, including shipping, fulfillment and returns.

Presort Services: Includes revenue and related expenses from sortation services to qualify large volumes of First Class Mail, Marketing Mail and Bound and Packet Mail (Marketing Mail Flats and Bound Printed Matter) for postal worksharing discounts.

SendTech Solutions: Includes the revenue and related expenses from sending technology solutions for physical mailing, digital mailing and shipping, financing, services, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats.

Management measures segment profitability and performance using segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Segment EBIT is calculated by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment. Segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, goodwill impairment charges and other items not allocated to a particular business segment. Management believes that it provides investors a useful measure of operating performance and underlying trends of the business. Segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated results of operations. The following tables provide information about our reportable segments and reconciliation of segment EBIT to net income.

Revenue and EBIT by business segment is presented below:

	Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Global Ecommerce	$	278,995	$	232,845	$	827,568	$	718,535
Presort Services	131,483		125,334		394,468		382,522
Commerce Services	410,478		358,179		1,222,036		1,101,057
SendTech Solutions	379,647		402,102		1,151,746		1,253,051
Total revenue	$	790,125	$	760,281	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108

	EBIT
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Global Ecommerce	$	(21,793	)	$	(14,330	)	$	(51,969	)	$	(28,034	)
Presort Services	17,687			17,435			48,215			57,026
Commerce Services	(4,106		)	3,105			(3,754		)	28,992
SendTech Solutions	130,954			134,607			378,095			412,427
Total segment EBIT	126,848			137,712			374,341			441,419
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Unallocated corporate expenses	(58,277		)	(40,988		)	(160,283		)	(141,321		)
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017		)	(6,099		)	(56,616		)	(18,771		)
Interest, net	(39,730		)	(37,437		)	(117,758		)	(122,484		)
Other expense	(667		)	(7,964		)	(18,350		)	(7,964		)
Transaction costs	(707		)	(36		)	(2,573		)	(1,091		)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	24,895			2,468			13,351			(17,235		)
Income from continuing operations	5,345			47,656			32,112			132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621			(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

4. Discontinued Operations

In August 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Software Solutions business for $700 million, subject to certain adjustments. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, and we expect it to be completed by the end of 2019.

The operating results of the Software Solutions business are now reported as discontinued operations. Discontinued operations also includes our Document Messaging Technology production mail business and supporting software (Production Mail Business) that was sold in July 2018.

Selected financial information of discontinued operations is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019									Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail			Total
Revenue	$	73,620		$	—		$	73,620		$	75,743	$	19,557		$	95,300
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	8,633		$	—		$	8,633		$	4,533	$	(1,316	)	$	3,217
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(12,447		)	(5,710		)	(18,157		)	—		86,640			86,640
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(3,814	)	$	(5,710	)	(9,524		)	$	4,533	$	85,324		89,857
Tax (benefit) provision							(1,054		)						57,236
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(8,470	)						$	32,621

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail		Total
Revenue	$	219,144		$	—		$	219,144		$	243,738	$	211,000	$	454,738
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	13,334		$	(663	)	$	12,671		$	28,497	$	20,304	$	48,801
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(14,211		)	(14,967		)	(29,178		)	—		77,863		77,863
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(877	)	$	(15,630	)	(16,507		)	$	28,497	$	98,167	126,664
Tax (benefit) provision							(2,308		)					67,375
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(14,199	)					$	59,289

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

The major categories of assets and liabilities included in assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations are as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	1,965
Accounts and other receivables, net	55,077		85,399
Inventories	—		855
Other current assets and prepayments	29,801		26,121
Property, plant and equipment, net	11,495		12,140
Rental property and equipment, net	—		179
Goodwill	430,995		434,160
Intangible assets	10,379		13,937
Operating lease asset	3,587		4,234
Other assets	27,079		23,833
Assets of discontinued operations	$	568,413	$	602,823
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	38,163	$	42,896
Current operating lease liabilities	1,441		2,000
Advance billings	98,699		113,110
Other current liabilities	—		2,021
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,823		1,943
Other noncurrent liabilities	16,908		12,828
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$	157,034	$	174,798

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

5. Earnings per Share (EPS)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	5,345		$	47,656	$	32,112		$	132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621		(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income (numerator for diluted EPS)	(3,125		)	80,277		17,913			191,842
Less: Preference stock dividend	—			8		8			24
(Loss) income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic EPS)	$	(3,125	)	$	80,269	$	17,905		$	191,818
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in basic EPS	170,326			187,470		178,048			187,167
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	875			945		1,048			1,023
Weighted-average shares used in diluted EPS	171,201			188,415		179,096			188,190
Basic earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.71
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.70
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per share:	16,182			12,195		16,166			12,097

⁽¹⁾ The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

6. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis for most U.S. inventories and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis for most non-U.S. inventories. Inventories at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	18,683		$	8,229
Supplies and service parts	24,283			21,841
Finished products	37,856			36,692
Inventory at FIFO cost	80,822			66,762
Excess of FIFO cost over LIFO cost	(4,483		)	(4,483		)
Total inventory, net	$	76,339		$	62,279

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

7. Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases

Finance Assets

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type lease receivables are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our clients for postage and supplies. Most loan receivables are generally due each month; however, clients may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective interest method and related annual fees are initially deferred and recognized ratably over the annual period covered. Client acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019									December 31, 2018
	North America			International			Total			North America			International			Total
Sales-type lease receivables
Gross finance receivables	$	1,064,996		$	215,110		$	1,280,106		$	1,110,898		$	242,036		$	1,352,934
Unguaranteed residual values	43,621			11,264			54,885			52,637			12,772			65,409
Unearned income	(331,085		)	(63,121		)	(394,206		)	(383,453		)	(55,113		)	(438,566		)
Allowance for credit losses	(11,172		)	(2,217		)	(13,389		)	(10,252		)	(2,356		)	(12,608		)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables	766,360			161,036			927,396			769,830			197,339			967,169
Loan receivables
Loan receivables	285,163			28,100			313,263			300,319			29,270			329,589
Allowance for credit losses	(6,016		)	(719		)	(6,735		)	(6,777		)	(837		)	(7,614		)
Net investment in loan receivables	279,147			27,381			306,528			293,542			28,433			321,975
Net investment in finance receivables	$	1,045,507		$	188,417		$	1,233,924		$	1,063,372		$	225,772		$	1,289,144

Maturities of gross loan receivables and gross sales-type lease receivables at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	132,964	$	25,592	$	158,556	$	245,197	$	28,100	$	273,297
Year ending December 31, 2020	383,029		74,364		457,393		12,927		—		12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	276,009		55,152		331,161		10,463		—		10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	171,049		35,937		206,986		8,990		—		8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	83,306		18,521		101,827		3,782		—		3,782
Thereafter	18,639		5,544		24,183		3,804		—		3,804
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	1,280,106	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	313,263

Allowance for Credit Losses

We provide an allowance for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature and volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to manage the collateral. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and make adjustments as necessary. The assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from estimated reserves.

We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. As of September 30, 2019, we believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	10,252		$	2,356		$	6,777		$	837		$	20,222
Amounts charged to expense	4,587			801			3,547			440			9,375
Write-offs and other	(3,667		)	(940		)	(4,308		)	(558		)	(9,473		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	11,172		$	2,217		$	6,016		$	719		$	20,124
	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	7,721		$	2,794		$	7,098		$	1,020		$	18,633
Amounts charged to expense	7,037			829			4,896			331			13,093
Write-offs and other	(3,979		)	(1,359		)	(5,282		)	(466		)	(11,086		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	10,779		$	2,264		$	6,712		$	885		$	20,640

Aging of Receivables

The aging of gross finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,032,400	$	211,442	$	280,114	$	27,722	$	1,551,678
> 90 days	32,596		3,668		5,049		378		41,691
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	1,593,369
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	4,751	$	1,074	$	1,797	$	53	$	7,675
Not accruing interest	27,845		2,594		3,252		325		34,016
Total	$	32,596	$	3,668	$	5,049	$	378	$	41,691

	December 31, 2018
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,069,290	$	238,114	$	294,126	$	29,079	$	1,630,609
> 90 days	41,608		3,922		6,193		191		51,914
Total	$	1,110,898	$	242,036	$	300,319	$	29,270	$	1,682,523
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	7,917	$	1,111	$	1,769	$	72	$	10,869
Not accruing interest	33,691		2,811		4,424		119		41,045
Total	$	41,608	$	3,922	$	6,193	$	191	$	51,914

Credit Quality

The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of an automated credit score, where available, and a detailed manual review of the client's financial condition and, when applicable, payment history. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct

17

PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes. The portfolio management processes are in place to track that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.

We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive, given that it is a localized process, and there is no single credit score model that covers all countries.

The table below shows the North America portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by relative risk class based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including the company type, ownership structure, payment history and financial information. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not scored. Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The degree of risk (low, medium, high), as defined by the third party, refers to the relative risk that an account may become delinquent in the next 12 months.

• Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and are considered to approximate the top 30% of all commercial borrowers.

• Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and are considered to approximate the middle 40% of all commercial borrowers.

• High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent and are considered to approximate the bottom 30% of all commercial borrowers.

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Sales-type lease receivables
Low	$	853,156	$	922,414
Medium	160,969		131,650
High	22,315		22,110
Not Scored	28,556		34,724
Total	$	1,064,996	$	1,110,898
Loan receivables
Low	$	215,319	$	238,620
Medium	53,176		43,952
High	5,379		5,947
Not Scored	11,289		11,800
Total	$	285,163	$	300,319

Lease Income

Lease income from sales-type leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit recognized at commencement (1)	$	38,086	$	38,204	$	108,743	$	125,133
Interest income	56,522		60,653		174,045		183,340
Total lease income from sales-type leases	$	94,608	$	98,857	$	282,788	$	308,473

⁽¹⁾ Lease contracts do not include variable lease payments.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Lessor Operating Leases

We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms of one to five years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,092
Year ending December 31, 2020	30,986
Year ending December 31, 2021	15,600
Year ending December 31, 2022	6,886
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,154
Thereafter	412
Total	$	66,130

8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	347,515	$	(164,336	)	$	183,179	$	338,320	$	(149,539	)	$	188,781
Software & technology	52,309		(38,517		)	13,792		54,297		(35,325		)	18,972
Trademarks & other	21,365		(18,621		)	2,744		22,305		(16,858		)	5,447
Total intangible assets	$	421,189	$	(221,474	)	$	199,715	$	414,922	$	(201,722	)	$	213,200

Amortization expense was $9 million and $10 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $27 million and $29 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Future amortization expense as of September 30, 2019 is shown in the table below. Actual amortization expense may differ due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, impairments, acquisitions and accelerated amortization.

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,171
Year ending December 31, 2020	33,368
Year ending December 31, 2021	29,972
Year ending December 31, 2022	29,026
Year ending December 31, 2023	26,188
Thereafter	71,990
Total	$	199,715

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are shown in the table below.

	December 31, 2018		Acquisition/(divestiture)			Currency impact			September 30, 2019
Global Ecommerce	$	609,431	$	—		$	—		$	609,431
Presort Services	207,465		5,064			—			212,529
Commerce Services	816,896		5,064			—			821,960
SendTech Solutions	515,455		(10,490		)	(9,888		)	495,077
Total goodwill	$	1,332,351	$	(5,426	)	$	(9,888	)	$	1,317,037

In January 2019, we wrote off $10 million of goodwill associated with Market Exits.

9. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. An entity is required to classify certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the following fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, may be derived from internally developed methodologies based on management’s best estimate of fair value and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	157,114	$	260,383		$	—	$	417,497
Equity securities	—		21,814			—		21,814
Commingled fixed income securities	1,655		20,819			—		22,474
Government and related securities	71,908		18,079			—		89,987
Corporate debt securities	—		73,332			—		73,332
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		74,718			—		74,718
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		729			—		729
Total assets	$	230,677	$	469,874		$	—	$	700,551
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	220,756	$	391,891		$	—	$	612,647
Equity securities	—		19,133			—		19,133
Commingled fixed income securities	1,570		20,141			—		21,711
Government and related securities	98,790		9,787			—		108,577
Corporate debt securities	—		56,938			—		56,938
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		98,334			—		98,334
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		2,031			—		2,031
Total assets	$	321,116	$	598,255		$	—	$	919,371
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)

Investment Securities

The valuation of investment securities is based on the market approach using inputs that are observable, or can be corroborated by observable data, in an active marketplace. The following information relates to our classification into the fair value hierarchy:

• Money Market Funds / Certificates of Deposit: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange. Certificates of deposit typically invest with financial institutions and have specific maturity dates and a fixed rate of return, and are classified as Level 2. Direct investments in commercial paper, classified as Level 2, comprised 3% of the December 2018 balance.

• Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of mutual funds investing in U.S. and foreign stocks. These mutual funds are classified as Level 2.

• Commingled Fixed Income Securities: Commingled fixed income securities are comprised of mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities, including securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Fair value is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These mutual funds are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

• Government and Related Securities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 where active, high volume trades for identical securities exist. Valuation adjustments are not applied to these securities. Debt securities are classified as Level 2 where fair value is determined using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities.

• Corporate Debt Securities: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed comparable transactions, market price quotations or bond spreads for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2.

• Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or external price/spread data. These securities are classified as Level 2.

Available-For-Sale Securities

Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Available-for-sale investment securities are predominantly held at the Pitney Bowes Bank, whose primary business is to provide financing solutions to clients that rent postage meters and purchase supplies.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	88,050	$	1,946	$	(47	)	$	89,949
Corporate debt securities	71,763		1,907		(338		)	73,332
Commingled fixed income securities	1,666		—		(11		)	1,655
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	73,777		1,269		(328		)	74,718
Total	$	235,256	$	5,122	$	(724	)	$	239,654

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	109,776	$	47	$	(1,336	)	$	108,487
Corporate debt securities	58,714		4		(1,780		)	56,938
Commingled fixed income securities	1,637		—		(67		)	1,570
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	100,186		167		(2,019		)	98,334
Total	$	270,313	$	218	$	(5,202	)	$	265,329

The aggregate unrealized holding losses of investment securities in a loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 continuous months	$	35,784	$	360	$	48,318	$	847
Greater than 12 continuous months	28,235		364		177,331		4,355
Total	$	64,019	$	724	$	225,649	$	5,202

We have not recognized an other-than-temporary impairment on any of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position because we have the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery of the unrealized losses or expect to receive the stated principal and interest at maturity.

Scheduled maturities of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
Within 1 year	$	39,047	$	39,133
After 1 year through 5 years	58,494		59,246
After 5 years through 10 years	69,077		70,267
After 10 years	68,638		71,008
Total	$	235,256	$	239,654

The scheduled maturities of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with the actual payment, as borrowers have the right to prepay obligations.

We have not experienced any significant write-offs in our investment portfolio. The majority of our mortgage-backed securities are either guaranteed or supported by the U.S. Government. We have no investments in inactive markets that would warrant a possible change in our pricing methods or classification within the fair value hierarchy.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We mitigate these exposures by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. We use derivative instruments to limit the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on financial results and manage the cost of debt. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We record derivative instruments at fair value and the accounting for changes in the fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative, the resulting designation and the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the risk exposure it is designed to hedge.

Foreign Exchange Contracts

We enter into foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the currency risk associated with the anticipated purchase of inventory between affiliates and from third parties. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on cash flow hedges is included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurs and is reclassified to earnings in the period that the hedged item is recorded in earnings. No amount of ineffectiveness was recorded in earnings for these designated cash flow hedges. At both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding contracts associated with these anticipated transactions with notional amounts of $8 million.

The valuation of foreign exchange derivatives is based on the market approach using observable market inputs, such as foreign currency spot and forward rates and yield curves. We have not seen a material change in the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative counterparties in the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Interest Rate Swap

We had an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with $300 million of variable-rate term loans. This swap matured in September 2018. While outstanding, the swap was designated as a cash flow hedge and the effective portion of the gain or loss on the cash flow hedge was included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurred and reclassified to earnings in the period that the hedged item was recorded in earnings.

The fair value of derivative instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

Designation of Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	$	113		$	61
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(52		)	(104		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	616			1,970
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(5,402		)	(631		)
	Total derivative assets	$	729		$	2,031
	Total derivative liabilities	(5,454		)	(735		)
	Total net derivative (liability) asset	$	(4,725	)	$	1,296

Amounts included in AOCI at September 30, 2019 related to derivative instruments will be recognized in earnings within the next 12 months.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

The following represents the results of cash flow hedging relationships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	156	$	(42	)	Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)
						Cost of sales	54			52
Interest rate swap	—		(824		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	156	$	(866	)		$	(44	)	$	14
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	181	$	111		Revenue	$	(23	)	$	38
						Cost of sales	99			(33		)
Interest rate swap	—		(1,776		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	181	$	(1,665	)		$	76		$	5

We enter into foreign exchange contracts to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on short-term intercompany loans and related interest that are denominated in a foreign currency. The revaluation of intercompany loans and interest and the corresponding mark-to-market adjustment on derivatives are recorded in earnings. The table below represents the mark-to-market adjustments of non-designated derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All outstanding contracts at September 30, 2019 mature within 12 months.

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(11,385	)	$	(1,948	)
		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(6,181	)	$	(20,344	)

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain derivative instruments contain credit-risk-related contingent features that require us to post collateral based on a combination of our long-term senior unsecured debt ratings and the net fair value of our derivatives. At September 30, 2019, we had no cash collateral posted.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable, loan receivables, derivative instruments, accounts payable and debt. The carrying value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, loans receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Carrying value	$	3,069,091	$	3,265,608
Fair value	$	2,953,853	$	3,003,678

10. Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments

Restructuring Charges

Activity in our restructuring reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Severance and benefits costs			Other exit costs			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	13,641		$	1,808		$	15,449
Expenses, net	12,498			845			13,343
Cash payments	(16,362		)	(2,483		)	(18,845		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	9,777		$	170		$	9,947
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	42,151		$	1,569		$	43,720
Expenses, net	13,637			5,134			18,771
Cash payments	(37,492		)	(1,750		)	(39,242		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	18,296		$	4,953		$	23,249

The majority of the remaining restructuring reserves are expected to be paid over the next 12 to 24 months.

Asset Impairments

Asset impairment charges were $42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and primarily include the impairment of capitalized software costs related to the development of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in our international markets. 

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

11. Debt

Total debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	Interest rate	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Notes due September 2020	4.125%	$	300,000	$	300,000
Notes due October 2021	3.875%	600,000		600,000
Notes due May 2022	4.625%	400,000		400,000
Notes due April 2023	4.95%	400,000		400,000
Notes due March 2024	4.625%	500,000		500,000
Notes due January 2037	5.25%	35,841		35,841
Notes due March 2043	6.7%	425,000		425,000
Term loans	Variable	427,500		630,000
Other debt		5,158		5,297
Principal amount		3,093,499		3,296,138
Less: unamortized costs, net		24,408		30,530
Total debt		3,069,091		3,265,608
Less: current portion long-term debt		501,728		199,535
Long-term debt		$	2,567,363	$	3,066,073

Interest rates on certain notes are subject to adjustment based on changes in our credit ratings. In April 2019, Moody's lowered our corporate credit rating from Ba1 to Ba2. As a result, the interest rates on the May 2022 notes and September 2020 notes increased 0.25% since December 31, 2018, and the interest rates on the October 2021 notes and April 2023 increased 0.25% on October 1, 2019.

During 2019, we repaid $38 million of principal related to our term loans. In September 2019, we repaid the remaining $165 million of our $200 million term loan and recorded a loss of $1 million on the early redemption of debt.

In November 2019, we repaid the $150 million term loan due November 2019 and the remaining balance of the $300 million term loan due December 2020, secured a new five-year $400 million term loan and replaced our revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in January 2021 for $500 million.

26

PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

12. Pensions and Other Benefit Programs

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost were as follows:

	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	20		$	23		$	385		$	567		$	242	$	298
Interest cost	15,792			15,363			4,435			4,434			1,646		1,676
Expected return on plan assets	(23,182		)	(25,281		)	(8,340		)	(8,730		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(2		)	(2		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(15		)	(15		)	58			(18		)	80		112
Amortization of net actuarial loss	6,537			7,851			1,543			1,807			507		338
Settlement	1,477			796			—			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	629		$	(1,263	)	$	(1,921	)	$	(1,942	)	$	2,475	$	2,763
Contributions to benefit plans	$	3,350		$	2,479		$	652		$	661		$	4,628	$	4,442
	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	62		$	69		$	1,157		$	1,731		$	725	$	1,109
Interest cost	47,378			46,087			13,231			13,721			4,937		4,888
Expected return on plan assets	(69,545		)	(75,815		)	(25,609		)	(27,045		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(5		)	(5		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(45		)	(45		)	181			(54		)	241		287
Amortization of net actuarial loss	19,610			23,555			4,727			5,590			1,521		2,153
Settlement (1)	2,278			796			397			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(262	)	$	(5,353	)	$	(5,921	)	$	(6,062	)	$	7,424	$	8,776
Contributions to benefit plans	$	7,401		$	5,674		$	9,740		$	10,640		$	13,841	$	13,552

⁽¹⁾ Approximately $1.4 million and $1.0 million of total settlement charges were recorded in restructuring charges and discontinued operations, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

13. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 127.3% and (5.5)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 includes a benefit of $23 million from the release of a foreign valuation allowance. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes a benefit from the resolution of certain tax examinations of $7 million and a benefit of $8 million related to the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and revisions of the U.S. tax on unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was (71.2)% and 11.5%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes a benefit of $23 million from the release of a foreign valuation allowance as well as a $2 million tax on the $18 million book loss from Market Exits, primarily due to nondeductible basis differences. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 includes a benefit of $6 million and $13 million, respectively, from the resolution of certain tax examinations. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 also includes a benefit of

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

$17 million related to the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and revisions of the U.S. tax on unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.

As is the case with other large corporations, our tax returns are examined by tax authorities in the U.S. and other global taxing jurisdictions in which we have operations. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next 12 months, and this decrease could be up to 30% of our unrecognized tax benefits.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examinations of our consolidated U.S. income tax returns for tax years prior to 2017 are closed to audit; however, various post-2011 U.S. state and local tax returns are still subject to examination. In Canada, the examination of our tax filings prior to 2015 are closed to audit. Other significant jurisdictions include France (closed through 2014), Germany (closed through 2016) and the U.K. (except for an item under appeal, closed through 2016). We also have other less significant tax filings currently subject to examination.

14. Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. These may involve litigation by or against us relating to, among other things, contractual rights under vendor, insurance or other contracts; intellectual property or patent rights; equipment, service, payment or other disputes with clients; or disputes with employees. Some of these actions may be brought as a purported class action on behalf of a purported class of employees, customers or others. In management's opinion, the potential liability, if any, that may result from these actions, either individually or collectively, is not reasonably expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows as of September 30, 2019. However, as litigation is inherently unpredictable, there can be no assurances in this regard.

In August 2018, the Company, certain of its directors, officers and several banks who served as underwriters, were named as defendants in City of Livonia Retiree Health and Disability Benefits Plan v. Pitney Bowes Inc. et al., a putative class action lawsuit filed in Connecticut state court. The complaint asserts claims under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on behalf of those who purchased notes issued by the Company in connection with a September 13, 2017 offering, alleging, among other things, that the Company failed to make certain disclosures relating to components of its third quarter 2017 performance at the time of the notes offering. The complaint seeks compensatory damages and other relief. On October 24, 2019, the court granted the defendants' motions to strike the complaint for failure to state a claim.

In addition, in December 2018 and then in February 2019, certain of the Company’s officers and directors were named as defendants in two virtually identical derivative actions purportedly brought on behalf of the Company, Clem v. Lautenbach et al. and Devolin v. Lautenbach et al. These two actions, both filed by the same counsel in Connecticut state court, allege, among other things, breaches of fiduciary duty relating to these same disclosures, and seek compensatory damages and other relief derivatively for the benefit of the Company. Although litigation outcomes are inherently unpredictable, we believe these matters are without merit and intend to defend them vigorously. A reasonable estimate of the amount of any possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time.

Beginning on October 12, 2019, we were affected by a malware attack ("the attack") that encrypted information on some systems and disrupted client access to our services. Upon discovering the unauthorized access, we took immediate actions to contain and remediate the malware attack. We engaged third-party cybersecurity experts and informed various law enforcement agencies. We have identified the malware that affected our systems as the Ryuk virus, which specifically targets Microsoft Windows based operating systems. Our financial information is not stored on a Microsoft Windows operating system, and was therefore not affected. Additionally, the backup data storage systems for virtually all our client, employee and other business data was not impacted by the attack. Based on the work performed to date, we do not believe that any sensitive or confidential client or employee data has been improperly accessed or extracted from our network. We have made substantial progress in bringing critical systems back online, re-enabling client access to our services and restoring access to data that was encrypted. We maintain insurance coverage for these types of incidents and have been working with our carriers throughout the attack. It is not yet possible to reasonably estimate the impact on our financial results or the extent to which we will receive reimbursement from our insurers.

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PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

15. Leased Assets and Liabilities

We lease real estate and equipment under operating and finance lease agreements. Our leases have terms of up to 15 years, some of which include the option to extend the lease for up to 5 years. At lease commencement, a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset is recognized. Lease liabilities represent the present value of future lease payments over the expected lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. Lease payments include all fixed payments and variable payments tied to an index. Variable payments excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability primarily include common area maintenance charges, property taxes, insurance and mileage. The present value of our lease liability is determined using our incremental borrowing rate at lease inception. Information regarding our operating and financing leases are as follows:

Leases	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Operating	Operating lease assets	$	172,617	$	152,554
Finance	Property, plant and equipment, net	11,250		10,683
Total leased assets		$	183,867	$	163,237
Liabilities
Operating	Current operating lease liabilities	$	34,091	$	35,208
	Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125		125,294
Finance	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,773		2,708
	Other noncurrent liabilities	7,589		7,054
Total lease liabilities		$	192,578	$	170,264

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease Cost	2019			2018			2019			2018
Operating lease expense	$	12,347		$	12,395		$	34,750		$	33,835
Finance lease expense
Amortization of leased assets	838			692			2,529			1,934
Interest on lease liabilities	172			135			520			378
Variable lease expense	4,969			4,272			18,821			16,486
Sublease income	(381		)	(680		)	(1,726		)	(1,132		)
Total expense	$	17,945		$	16,814		$	54,894		$	51,501

Operating lease expense includes immaterial amounts related to leases with terms of 12 months or less.

Future Lease Payments	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	11,233	$	907	$	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292		3,242		45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970		2,850		38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799		2,278		30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392		1,626		23,018
Thereafter	88,779		983		89,762
Total	227,465		11,886		239,351
Less: present value discount	45,249		1,524		46,773
Lease liability	$	182,216	$	10,362	$	192,578

Operating leases exclude $28 million of minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at September 30, 2019.

29

PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Lease Term and Discount Rate	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7.5 years	7.2 years
Finance leases	4.0 years	4.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.9%	4.5%
Finance leases	6.7%	6.2%

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Information	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating cash outflows - operating leases	$	10,440	$	12,319	$	32,041	$	33,075
Operating cash outflows - finance leases	$	172	$	135	$	520	$	378
Financing cash outflows - finance leases	$	758	$	630	$	2,278	$	1,786
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations
Operating leases	$	3,123	$	26,134	$	51,504	$	33,128
Finance leases	$	1,124	$	2,983	$	3,227	$	4,143

16. Stockholders’ Equity

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock		Preference stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	105,341		$	5,282,374		$	(907,678	)	$	(4,750,403	)	$	52,972
Net loss	—		—		—		—			(3,125		)	—			—			(3,125		)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—			—			(18,774		)	—			(18,774		)
Dividends paid ($0.05 per common share)	—		—		—		—			(8,508		)	—			—			(8,508		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—		—		(10,146		)	—			—			11,291			1,145
Conversion to common stock	—		—		—		(246		)	—			—			246			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		6,702			—			—			—			6,702
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—			—			—			(5,000		)	(5,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2018	$	1	$	415		$	323,338	$	122,732		$	5,103,588		$	(811,804	)	$	(4,689,309	)	$	48,961
Net income	—		—			—		—			80,277			—			—			80,277
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—		—			—			5,639			—			5,639
Dividends paid ($0.1875 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(35,183		)	—			—			(35,183		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(11,190		)	—			—			12,909			1,719
Conversion to common stock	—		(12		)	—		(242		)	—			—			254			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		6,618			—			—			—			6,618
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

30

PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock			Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	1		$	396		$	323,338	$	121,475		$	5,279,682		$	(948,961	)	$	(4,674,089	)	$	101,842
Net income	—			—			—		—			17,913			—			—			17,913
Other comprehensive income	—			—			—		—			—			22,509			—			22,509
Dividends paid ($0.15 per common share)	—			—			—		—			(26,854		)	—			—			(26,854		)
Issuance of common stock	—			—			—		(32,877		)	—			—			32,289			(588		)
Conversion to common stock	—			(130		)	—		(2,804		)	—			—			2,934			—
Redemption of preferred/preference stock	(1		)	(266		)	—		(10		)	—			—			—			(277		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—			—		15,867			—			—			—			15,867
Repurchase of common stock	—			—			—		—			—			—			(105,000		)	(105,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—		$	—		$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	1	$	441		$	323,338	$	138,367		$	5,074,343		$	(794,940	)	$	(4,710,997	)	$	30,553
Cumulative effect of accounting change	—		—			—		—			(12,207		)	—			—			(12,207		)
Net income	—		—			—		—			191,842			—			—			191,842
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—		—			—			(11,225		)	—			(11,225		)
Dividends paid ($0.5625 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(105,296		)	—			—			(105,296		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(35,457		)	—			—			34,050			(1,407		)
Conversion to common stock	—		(38		)	—		(763		)	—			—			801			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		15,771			—			—			—			15,771
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

31

PITNEY BOWES INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited; table amounts in thousands unless otherwise noted, except per share amounts)

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Reclassifications out of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Amount Reclassified from AOCI (1)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
(Losses) gains on cash flow hedges
Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)	$	(23	)	$	38
Cost of sales	54			52			99			(33		)
Interest expense, net	—			(825		)	—			(1,839		)
Total before tax	(44		)	(811		)	76			(1,834		)
Income tax benefit (provision)	11			206			(19		)	468
Net of tax	$	(33	)	$	(605	)	$	57		$	(1,366	)
Gains (losses) on available for sale securities
Interest expense, net	$	146		$	(40	)	$	42		$	150
Income tax (provision) benefit	(37		)	10			(11		)	(38		)
Net of tax	$	109		$	(30	)	$	31		$	112
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (2)
Transition credit	$	2		$	2		$	5		$	5
Prior service costs	(123		)	(79		)	(377		)	(188		)
Actuarial losses	(8,587		)	(9,996		)	(25,858		)	(31,298		)
Settlements	(1,477		)	(1,135		)	(2,675		)	(1,135		)
Total before tax	(10,185		)	(11,208		)	(28,905		)	(32,616		)
Income tax benefit	2,633			2,399			7,406			7,766
Net of tax	$	(7,552	)	$	(8,809	)	$	(21,499	)	$	(24,850	)

⁽¹⁾   Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to income and increases to other comprehensive income.

⁽²⁾   Reclassified from AOCI into other components of net pension and postretirement cost (see Note 12 for additional details).

Changes in AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	191		$	(3,061	)	$	(846,461	)	$	(99,630	)	$	(948,961	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (1)	135			7,547			—			(6,584		)	1,098
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	(57		)	(31		)	21,499			—			21,411
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	78			7,516			21,499			(6,584		)	22,509
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	269		$	4,455		$	(824,962	)	$	(106,214	)	$	(926,452	)

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(406	)	$	1,597		$	(748,800	)	$	(47,331	)	$	(794,940	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (1)	(593		)	(6,402		)	—			(30,334		)	(37,329		)
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	1,366			(112		)	24,850			—			26,104
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	773			(6,514		)	24,850			(30,334		)	(11,225		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	367		$	(4,917	)	$	(723,950	)	$	(77,665	)	$	(806,165	)

⁽¹⁾     Amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI.

⁽²⁾     See table above for additional details of these reclassifications.

32

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) contains statements that are forward-looking. We want to caution readers that any forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) may change based on various factors. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially. Words such as "estimate," "target," "project," "plan," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend" and similar expressions may identify such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents attached that are incorporated by reference speak only as of the date of those documents.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Factors which could cause future financial performance to differ materially from the expectations as expressed in any forward-looking statement made by or on our behalf include, without limitation:

• declining physical mail volumes

• expenses and potential impact on client relationships resulting from the October 2019 malware attack that affected the Company's operations

• a breach of security, including a future cyber-attack or other comparable event

• the continued availability and security of key information technology systems and the cost to comply with information security requirements and privacy laws

• changes in, or loss of, our contractual relationships with the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) or posts in other major markets

• changes in postal regulations

• competitive factors, including pricing pressures, technological developments and the introduction of new products and services by competitors

• the United Kingdom's potential exit from the European Union (Brexit)

• our success in developing and marketing new products and services and obtaining regulatory approvals, if required

• changes in banking regulations or the loss of our Industrial Bank charter

• changes in labor conditions and transportation costs

• macroeconomic factors, including global and regional business conditions that adversely impact customer demand, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates

• changes in global political conditions and international trade policies, including the imposition or expansion of trade tariffs

• third-party suppliers' ability to provide products and services required by our clients

• our success at managing the relationships with outsource providers, including the costs of outsourcing functions and operations

• capital market disruptions or credit rating downgrades that adversely impact our ability to access capital markets at reasonable costs

• our success at managing customer credit risk

• integrating newly acquired businesses, including operations and product and service offerings

• our ability to continue to grow volumes to gain additional economies of scale

• the loss of some of our larger clients in our Commerce Services group

• intellectual property infringement claims

• significant changes in pension, health care and retiree medical costs

• income tax adjustments or other regulatory levies from tax audits and changes in tax laws, rulings or regulations

• the use of the postal system for transmitting harmful biological agents, illegal substances or other terrorist attacks

• acts of nature

33

Overview

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective transition approach of applying the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. Accordingly, prior period financial results have been recast. In January 2019, we also sold the direct operations and moved to a dealer model in six smaller markets within the SendTech Solutions segment (Market Exits).

In the quarter, we recast our segment reporting to combine North America Mailing and International Mailing into the Sending Technology Solutions (SendTech Solutions) segment to reflect how we manage these operations and the products and services provided to our clients.

In August 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Software Solutions business for $700 million, subject to certain adjustments. We anticipate net proceeds from the sale, after closing costs, transaction fees and taxes, to be approximately $625 million and will use a majority of these proceeds to repay debt. The transaction is expected to be completed by the end of the year. The Software Solutions business is now reported as a discontinued operation in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and prior periods have been recast to conform to the current period presentation.

Financial Results Summary - Three Months Ended September 30:

	2019		2018		Change
Revenue	$	790,125	$	760,281	4%
Segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)	$	126,848	$	137,712	(8)%
Income from continuing operations	$	5,345	$	47,656	(89)%
Diluted earnings per share - continuing operations	$	0.03	$	0.25	(88)%

Revenue increased 4% from the prior year period, and 6% excluding the impact from Market Exits. The increase was driven by a 15% increase in Business services revenue due to growth in Commerce Services partially offset by an 11% decrease in Supplies revenue, a 9% decrease in Support services revenue and a 6% decrease in Financing revenue, driven by overall declines in our SendTech Solutions shipping and mailing business.

On a segment basis, Global Ecommerce revenue increased 20% and Presort Services revenue increased 5%, partially offset by a decline in SendTech Solutions revenue of 6%. Excluding currency and Market Exits, SendTech Solutions revenue decreased 3%. Commerce Services was the largest contributor of revenue and accounted for 52% of revenue for the current quarter compared to 47% from the prior year period.

Segment EBIT declined 8% from the prior year period. Global Ecommerce reported an EBIT loss of $22 million compared to a loss of $14 million in the prior year, primarily driven by a decline in margins as the mix of business continues to shift to faster growing, but lower margin services. Presort Services EBIT was relatively flat compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher volumes and labor cost per unit improvement, offset by higher costs. SendTech Solutions EBIT declined 3% due to the decline in revenue and impact of Market Exits.

Income from continuing operations declined in the quarter, primarily due to higher restructuring and asset impairment charges and a decline in gross margins, partially offset by a tax benefit from the release of a foreign valuation allowance.

Financial Results Summary - Nine Months Ended September 30:

	2019		2018		Change
Revenue	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108	1%
Segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)	$	374,341	$	441,419	(15)%
Income from continuing operations	$	32,112	$	132,553	(76)%
Diluted earnings per share - continuing operations	$	0.18	$	0.70	(74)%
Net cash provided by operations	$	182,284	$	258,570	(30)%

Revenue increased 1% from the prior year period, and 3% excluding the unfavorable impact from Market Exits. Business services revenue increased 11% due to growth in Commerce Services, but was partially offset by declines in all other revenue lines driven by a decline in our SendTech Solutions shipping and mailing business.

On a segment basis, Global Ecommerce revenue increased 15% and Presort Services revenue increased 3%, which was partially offset by a decline in SendTech Solutions revenue of 8% in total and 5% excluding the impact of Market Exits and currency.

34

Segment EBIT declined 15% from the prior year period. Global Ecommerce reported an EBIT loss of $52 million compared to a loss of $28 million in the prior year, and Presort Services EBIT declined 15%. The decline in Global Ecommerce was primarily driven by a decline in margins resulting from a shift in the mix of business to faster growing, but lower margin services. The decline in Presort Services was primarily due to higher consulting fees, transportation costs and bad debt expense, partially offset by labor cost per unit improvement. SendTech EBIT declined 8% due to the decline in revenue, lower margins attributable in part to increased costs from tariffs and a charge related to a SendPro C tablet replacement program to address an underlying battery longevity issue.

Income from continuing operations declined compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher restructuring and asset impairment charges, lower margins, a loss of $18 million from Market Exits, primarily due to the write-off of cumulative translation adjustments and a tax benefit from the release of a foreign valuation allowance.

Outlook

We are creating a more focused and streamlined portfolio that is shifting to higher growth markets. We continue to invest in market opportunities and new services and solutions across all our businesses and optimize our cost structure to drive long-term value. We expect revenue to continue to grow as we transform our portfolio and margins to improve as we build scale and realize the full benefits of our investments.

Within Global Ecommerce, we expect continued revenue growth from the expansion of our domestic parcel business and shipping solutions. We anticipate higher shipping volumes in the fourth quarter as we enter the holiday season. We are implementing organizational changes designed to reduce costs and improve margins and profitability. With Presort Services, we expect revenue and EBIT growth from higher volumes, improving margins and operational efficiencies.

Within SendTech Solutions, we expect the magnitude of the revenue decline to be mitigated by the introduction of new services and products, opportunities through natural adjacencies in the business, sales of our SendPro C product and expanded third-party equipment financing alternatives. We expect trade tariffs to continue to adversely impact EBIT and equipment sales margins.

Beginning on October 12, 2019, we were affected by a malware attack ("the attack") that encrypted information on some systems and disrupted client access to our services. Upon discovering the unauthorized access, we took immediate actions to contain and remediate the malware attack. We engaged third-party cybersecurity experts and informed various law enforcement agencies. We have identified the malware that affected our systems as the Ryuk virus, which specifically targets Microsoft Windows based operating systems. Our financial information is not stored on a Microsoft Windows operating system, and was therefore not affected. Additionally, the backup data storage systems for virtually all our client, employee and other business data was not impacted by the attack. Based on the work performed to date, we do not believe that any sensitive or confidential client or employee data has been improperly accessed or extracted from our network. We have made substantial progress in bringing critical systems back online, re-enabling client access to our services and restoring access to data that was encrypted.

We have incurred and will continue to incur costs to remediate this attack, determine how unauthorized users gained access to our systems and implement enhanced security features and monitoring procedures. Our fourth quarter operating results will be adversely affected as we were unable to provide revenue-generating services to some of our clients for a few days and we will incur additional costs including, but not limited to, costs to meet client service level agreements, consulting fees and hardware replacement costs. We maintain insurance coverage for these types of incidents and have been working with our carriers throughout the attack. It is not yet possible to reasonably estimate the impact on our financial results or the extent to which we will receive reimbursement from our insurers.

35

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue by source and the related cost of revenue are shown in the following tables:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		Actual % change		Constant Currency % change		2019		2018		Actual % change		Constant currency % change
Equipment sales	$	89,618	$	88,799	1	%	2	%	$	264,956	$	289,318	(8	)%	(7	)%
Supplies	44,818		50,403		(11	)%	(10	)%	142,261		165,853		(14	)%	(13	)%
Rentals	19,737		21,432		(8	)%	(7	)%	60,339		65,852		(8	)%	(7	)%
Financing	90,577		96,799		(6	)%	(6	)%	280,039		294,277		(5	)%	(4	)%
Support services	126,274		138,055		(9	)%	(8	)%	382,578		417,303		(8	)%	(7	)%
Business services	419,101		364,793		15	%	15	%	1,243,609		1,121,505		11	%	11	%
Total revenue	$	790,125	$	760,281	4	%	4	%	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108	1	%	2	%

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
					Percentage of Revenue								Percentage of Revenue
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of equipment sales	$	59,859	$	52,209	66.8	%	58.8	%	$	182,094	$	173,626	68.7	%	60.0	%
Cost of supplies	12,225		13,967		27.3	%	27.7	%	37,533		46,652		26.4	%	28.1	%
Cost of rentals	5,090		9,174		25.8	%	42.8	%	23,223		30,386		38.5	%	46.1	%
Financing interest expense	11,026		10,849		12.2	%	11.2	%	33,433		33,107		11.9	%	11.3	%
Cost of support services	41,086		45,872		32.5	%	33.2	%	123,453		134,204		32.3	%	32.2	%
Cost of business services	338,519		287,237		80.8	%	78.7	%	1,003,483		872,183		80.7	%	77.8	%
Total cost of revenue	$	467,805	$	419,308	59.2	%	55.2	%	$	1,403,219	$	1,290,158	59.1	%	54.8	%

Revenue - 2019 compared to 2018

In this revenue discussion, we may refer to revenue growth on a constant currency basis. Constant currency measures exclude the impact of changes in currency exchange rates since the prior period under comparison. We believe that excluding the impacts of currency exchange rates provides a better understanding of the underlying revenue performance. Constant currency change is calculated by converting the current period non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue using the prior year’s exchange rate. Where constant currency measures are not provided, the actual change and constant currency change are the same.  

Equipment sales in the quarter increased 1% as reported and 2% at constant currency, primarily due to a large deal in France. Equipment sales in the first nine months of 2019 decreased 8% as reported and 7% at constant currency, primarily due to lower sales of our bottom-of-the-line products. Market Exits had an adverse effect on equipment sales of 2% in both the quarter and year-to-date periods.

Supplies revenue decreased 11% as reported and 10% at constant currency in the quarter and 14% as reported and 13% at constant currency in the first nine months of 2019. Market Exits accounted for 4% of the decline in both the quarter and year-to-date periods, and the remainder of the decrease was due to a worldwide decline in our shipping and mailing business.

Rentals revenue decreased 8% as reported and 7% at constant currency both in the quarter and year-to-date periods, primarily due to a worldwide decline in our meter population.

Financing revenue decreased 6% in the quarter and 5% as reported and 4% at constant currency in the first nine months of 2019, primarily due to a declining portfolio. Market Exits accounted for 1% of the decline in both the quarter and year-to-date periods.

Support services revenue decreased 9% as reported and 8% at constant currency in the quarter and 8% as reported and 7% at constant currency in the first nine months of 2019, primarily due to a worldwide decline in our meter population.

Business services revenue increased 15% in the quarter and 11% in the first nine months of 2019, primarily due to growth in domestic parcel and shipping solutions volumes and mail volumes at Presort Services.

36

Cost of Revenue - 2019 compared to 2018

Cost of revenue as a percent of revenue in the quarter increased to 59.2% from 55.2% in the prior year period. Cost of equipment sales as a percent of equipment revenue increased to 66.8% from 58.8%. Trade tariffs and higher engineering costs impacted equipment sales margins by 3 percentage points and 2 percentage points, respectively. The decline in equipment sales revenue primarily contributed to the remaining decline in margin. Cost of rentals as a percent of rentals revenue decreased to 25.8% from 42.8%, primarily due to a favorable adjustment to cost of rentals recorded in the current quarter. Cost of business services as a percent of business service revenue increased to 80.8% from 78.7% in the prior year period primarily due to a shift in the mix of business to faster growing, but lower-margin services, investments in market growth opportunities and higher fulfillment costs to bring on new clients.

Cost of revenue as a percent of revenue in the first nine months of 2019 increased to 59.1% from 54.8% in the prior year period. Cost of equipment sales as a percent of equipment revenue increased to 68.7% from 60.0%. A charge related to a SendPro C tablet replacement program to address an underlying battery longevity issue recorded in the first quarter adversely impacted equipment sales margins by 3 percentage points, trade tariffs reduced equipment sales margins 2 percentage points and higher engineering costs adversely impacted equipment sales margins by one percentage point. The remaining decline in margin was due to the decrease in revenue. Costs of rentals as a percent of rentals revenue decreased to 38.5% from 46.1%, primarily due to the favorable adjustment to cost of rentals recorded in the third quarter. Cost of business services as a percent of business service revenue increased to 80.7% from 77.8% in the prior year period primarily due to higher labor, transportation and postage costs, a shift in the mix of business to faster growing, but lower-margin services and investments in market growth opportunities.

We allocate a portion of our total cost of borrowing to financing interest expense. In computing financing interest expense, we assume an 8:1 debt to equity leverage ratio and apply our overall effective interest rate to the average outstanding finance receivables. Cost of financing expense as a percentage of finance revenue was relatively consistent in the quarter and year-to-date periods compared to the prior year periods.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)

SG&A expense of $254 million in the quarter increased 5% compared to the prior period, primarily due to higher employee-related costs of $10 million and higher bad debt expense of $2 million. SG&A expense of $757 million for the first nine months of 2019, was flat compared to the prior period.

Research and development (R&D)

R&D expense decreased 22% in the quarter primarily due to lower spending of $3 million in SendTech Solutions. R&D expense decreased 14% in the year-to-date period, primarily due to lower spending of $3 million in both Global Ecommerce and SendTech Solutions.

Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net

Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $47 million and $57 million, respectively. Restructuring related charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $6 million and $15 million, respectively.

Asset impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $41 million and $42 million, respectively, and primarily include the write-off of capitalized software costs related to the development of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in our international markets. As a result of the sale of our Production Mail business in 2018, the January 2019 Market Exits and the pending sale of our Software Solutions business, our international footprint has been significantly reduced. Accordingly, we re-evaluated our international strategy. In the third quarter, we decided to permanently cease the development and implementation of this ERP system and recorded an impairment charge to write-off the investment.

Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $6 million and $19 million, respectively, and consisted of restructuring related charges. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Other expense

Other expense for the current quarter in 2019 represents a loss on the early extinguishment of debt. Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 also includes the loss on Market Exits of $18 million, primarily from the write-off of cumulative translation adjustments. Other expense for 2018 represents a loss on the early extinguishment of debt.

Income taxes

See Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

37

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations includes the our Software Solutions business and Document Messaging Technology production mail business and supporting software (Production Mail Business), which was sold in July 2018. See Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Business Segment Results

Our reportable segments are Global Ecommerce, Presort Services and SendTech Solutions. Global Ecommerce and Presort Services comprise the Commerce Services reporting group. The principal products and services of each reportable segment are as follows:

Global Ecommerce: Includes the revenue and related expenses from products and services that enable domestic and cross-border ecommerce transactions, including shipping, fulfillment and returns.

Presort Services: Includes revenue and related expenses from sortation services to qualify large volumes of First Class Mail, Marketing Mail and Bound and Packet Mail (Marketing Mail Flats and Bound Printed Matter) for postal worksharing discounts.

SendTech Solutions: Includes the revenue and related expenses from sending technology solutions for physical mailing, digital mailing and shipping, financing, services, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats.

Management measures segment profitability and performance using segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Segment EBIT is calculated by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment. Segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, goodwill impairment charges and other items not allocated to a particular business segment. Management believes that it provides investors a useful measure of operating performance and underlying trends of the business. Segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated results of operations.

Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is presented below:

	Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		Actual % change		Constant currency % change		2019		2018		Actual % change		Constant currency % change
Global Ecommerce	$	278,995	$	232,845	20	%	20	%	$	827,568	$	718,535	15	%	16	%
Presort Services	131,483		125,334		5	%	5	%	394,468		382,522		3	%	3	%
Commerce Services	410,478		358,179		15	%	15	%	1,222,036		1,101,057		11	%	11	%
SendTech Solutions	379,647		402,102		(6	)%	(5	)%	1,151,746		1,253,051		(8	)%	(7	)%
Total	$	790,125	$	760,281	4	%	4	%	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108	1	%	2	%

	EBIT
	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			% change		2019			2018			% change
Global Ecommerce	$	(21,793	)	$	(14,330	)	(52	)%	$	(51,969	)	$	(28,034	)	(85	)%
Presort Services	17,687			17,435			1	%	48,215			57,026			(15	)%
Commerce Services	(4,106		)	3,105			>(100%)		(3,754		)	28,992			>(100%)
SendTech Solutions	130,954			134,607			(3	)%	378,095			412,427			(8	)%
Total Segment EBIT	$	126,848		$	137,712		(8	)%	$	374,341		$	441,419		(15	)%

38

Global Ecommerce

Global Ecommerce revenue increased 20% in the quarter across all platforms, but primarily due to 11% growth in domestic parcel and fulfillment volumes and 9% growth in shipping solutions volumes. EBIT loss for the quarter increased to $22 million compared to a loss of $14 million in the prior year period primarily driven by a decline in margins resulting from a shift in the mix of business to faster growing, but lower margin services, facility investments and higher incremental fulfillment costs to bring on new clients. The EBIT loss was partially offset by volume growth in shipping API labels.

Global Ecommerce revenue increased 15% as reported and 16% at constant currency in the first nine months of 2019 primarily due to growth in domestic parcel and shipping solutions volumes of 12% and 6%, respectively, partially offset by a decline of 2% in cross border volumes. EBIT for the first nine months of 2019 was a loss of $52 million compared to a loss of $28 million in the prior year period. The higher loss was primarily driven by a decline in margins resulting from a shift in the mix of business to fast growing, but lower margin services, investments in new facilities and marketing programs and higher transportation, fulfillment and labor costs.

Presort Services

Presort Services revenue increased 5% in the quarter. Volumes processed increased 6% primarily due to First Class and Marketing Mail; however, lower revenue per piece adversely impacted revenue by 1%. EBIT was relatively flat compared to the prior year period, driven by higher revenue and $4 million in lower labor costs per unit resulting from implemented productivity actions, offset by higher consulting fees of $1 million and higher investments in the business of $1 million.

Presort Services revenue increased 3% in the first nine months of 2019. Higher volumes of mail processed increased revenue 4%; however, lower revenue per piece adversely impacted revenue by 1%. EBIT decreased 15% in the first nine months of 2019. Higher consulting fees of $4 million, higher transportation costs of $3 million and higher bad debt expense of $2 million were partially offset by lower labor costs per unit of $4 million resulting from implemented productivity actions.

SendTech Solutions

SendTech Solutions revenue decreased 6% as reported and 5% at constant currency in the quarter, primarily due to:

• 2% from Market Exits;

• 2% from lower support services and 1% from lower supplies due to a declining meter population; and

• 1% from lower financing fees; offset by

• 1% from higher equipment sales primarily due to a large deal in France.

EBIT decreased 3% in the quarter, primarily due to a 7% decline in gross profit, driven by the decline in revenue, partially offset by lower operating expenses of $15 million.

SendTech Solutions revenue decreased 8% as reported and 7% at constant currency in the first nine months of 2019, primarily due to:

• 2% from Market Exits;

• 2% from lower support services and 1% from lower supplies due to a declining meter population;

• 1% from lower financing fees; and

• 1% from lower equipment sales primarily due to lower sales of our bottom-of-the-line products.

EBIT decreased 8% in first nine months of 2019, primarily due to a 10% decline in gross profit, primarily due to the decline in revenue, a charge of $9 million related to a SendPro C tablet replacement program to address an underlying battery longevity issue and higher costs from trade tariffs of $6 million, partially offset by lower operating expenses of $47 million from cost savings initiatives.

39

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We believe that existing cash and investments, cash generated from operations and borrowing capacity through the capital markets will be sufficient to support our current cash needs, including discretionary uses such as capital investments, dividends, strategic acquisitions and share repurchases. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $652 million at September 30, 2019 and $927 million at December 31, 2018. We continuously review our credit profile through published credit ratings and the credit default swap market. We also monitor the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative counterparties, depository banks or credit providers.

Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries were $154 million at September 30, 2019 and $189 million at December 31, 2018, and are generally used to support the liquidity needs of these subsidiaries.

Cash Flow Summary

Changes in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	2019			2018			Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	182,284		$	258,570		$	(76,286	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(201,681		)	234,241			(435,922		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(327,192		)	(725,922		)	398,730
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(5,822		)	(15,653		)	9,831
Change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(352,411	)	$	(248,764	)	$	(103,647	)

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2019 declined $76 million compared to the prior year period. Cash flows from continuing operations decreased $24 million, primarily due to lower income from continuing operations of $100 million, partially offset by higher asset impairment charges of $38 million, lower restructuring payments of $20 million, a non-cash loss on Market Exits of $18 million, and working capital changes of $6 million, primarily related to the timing of payments of accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Cash flows from discontinued operations declined $53 million as we entered into an agreement to sell our Software Solutions business in August 2019 and sold the Production Mail Business in July 2018.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of 2019 was $202 million, consisting primarily of capital expenditures of $95 million, a $22 million use of cash for a Presort acquisition, and net purchases of $60 million from investment activities. Cash provided by investing activities in the first nine months of 2018 was $234 million, consisting primarily of proceeds of $340 million from the sale of the Production Mail Business, partially offset by capital expenditures of $105 million.

Financing Activities

In the first nine months of 2019, cash used in financing activities included $105 million to repurchase 18.6 million shares of common stock, debt repayments of $203 million and $27 million of common stock dividend payments.

In the first nine months of 2018, cash was used to repay $565 million of debt and pay dividends of $105 million. Cash used in financing activities was also impacted by the settlement of $46 million related to a timing difference between our investing excess cash at the subsidiary level and our funding of an intercompany transfer at year end.

Financings and Capitalization

Through September 30, 2019, we repaid the remaining $165 million of our $200 million term loan and made $38 million of scheduled payments under other term loans. In April 2019, Moody's lowered our corporate credit rating from Ba1 to Ba2. As a result, the interest rates on the May 2022 notes and September 2020 notes increased 0.25% since December 31, 2018, and the interest rates on the October 2021 notes and April 2023 increased 0.25% on October 1, 2019.

In November 2019, we repaid the $150 million term loan due November 2019 and the remaining balance of the $300 million term loan due December 2020, secured a new five-year $400 million term loan and replaced our revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in January 2021 for $500 million.

We are a "Well-Known Seasoned Issuer" within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act, which allows us to issue debt securities, preferred stock, preference stock, common stock, purchase contracts, depositary shares, warrants and units in an expedited fashion.

40

Dividends and Share Repurchases

In February 2019, our Board of Directors approved an incremental $100 million for share repurchases, raising our authorization level to $121 million. During the first nine months of 2019, we repurchased 18.6 million shares at an aggregate cost of $105 million. At September 30, 2019, we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $16 million of our common shares. Also, during the first nine months of the year, we paid dividends of $27 million. Each quarter, our Board of Directors considers our recent and projected earnings and other capital needs and priorities in deciding whether to approve the payment, as well as the amount, of a dividend. There are no material restrictions on our ability to declare dividends.

In June 2019, we redeemed of all of the outstanding shares of 4% Convertible Cumulative Preferred Stock (Preferred Stock) and $2.12 Convertible Preference Stock (Preference Stock). The redemption of these shares did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At September 30, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Goodwill

Based on the year-to-date operating results of our Global Ecommerce reporting unit, we performed a goodwill impairment test to assess the adequacy of the carrying value of goodwill. As a result of our test, we determined that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by less than 20%. The assumptions used to estimate fair value were based on projections incorporated in our current operating plans as well as other available information. By their nature, projections are uncertain. Potential events and circumstances, such as declining revenue, loss of client contracts and inability to acquire new clients could have an adverse effect on our assumptions.

The goodwill balance related to the Global Ecommerce reporting unit at September 30, 2019 was $609 million. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill for this reporting unit, and should facts and circumstances change, a non-cash impairment charge could be recorded in the future.

Regulatory Matters

There have been no significant changes to the regulatory matters disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report.

41

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no material changes to the disclosures made in our 2018 Annual Report.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to reasonably ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures.

With the participation of our CEO and CFO, management evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) and internal controls over financial reporting. Our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods. In addition, no changes in internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting. It should be noted that any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions designed to obtain reasonable (and not absolute) assurance as to its effectiveness, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals. Notwithstanding this caution, the CEO and CFO have reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019.

42

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

See Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

There were no material changes to the risk factors identified in our 2018 Annual Report.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases of Equity Securities

We periodically repurchase shares of our common stock in the open market to manage the dilution created by shares issued under employee stock plans and for other purposes. In February 2019, the Board of Directors approved an additional $100 million for share repurchases giving us the ability to repurchase up to $121 million of our shares.

The following table provides information about purchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2019:

	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in thousands)
Beginning balance					$21,022
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019	1,160,123	$	4.31	1,160,123	$16,022
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019	—	$	—	—	$16,022
September 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019	—	$	—	—	$16,022
	1,160,123	$	—	1,160,123

43

Item 6: Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description	Exhibit Number in this Form 10-Q
2.1	Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2019, between Pitney Bowes Inc. and Starfish Parent, LP* (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 27, 2019)	2.1
3(i)(a)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Pitney Bowes Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(a) to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 30, 2019)	3(i)(a)
3	Pitney Bowes Inc. Amended and Restated By-laws effective May 13, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 15, 2013)	3
10(a)	Second Amendment to the $150,000,000 Term Loan Facility, dated as of July 19, 2019, by and between the company and the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi-UFJ, Ltd. (Exhibit 10(a))	10(a)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended	31.1
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended	31.2
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	32.1
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	32.2
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104	The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL. (included as Exhibit 101).

* Pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, certain exhibits and schedules have been omitted. The registrant hereby agrees to furnish

supplementally a copy of any omitted attachment to the SEC upon request.

44

Signatures  

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		PITNEY BOWES INC.
Date:	November 5, 2019
		/s/ Stanley J. Sutula III
		Stanley J. Sutula III
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
		/s/ Joseph R. Catapano
		Joseph R. Catapano
		Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

45

EX-10.A

Exhibit 10(a)

SECOND AMENDMENT dated as of July 19, 2019 (this “Amendment”) to the TERM LOAN FACILITY AGREEMENT dated as of August 30, 2017 (the “Term Loan Agreement”) between PITNEY BOWES INC., a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Borrower”) and MUFG BANK, LTD., f/k/a The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (the “Lender”).

WHEREAS, the parties hereto have agreed to amend the Term Loan Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the sufficiency and receipt of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

SECTION 1. Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein (including in the recitals hereto) have the meanings assigned to them in the Term Loan Agreement.

SECTION 2. Amendments of the Term Loan Agreement. Effective on the Amendment Effective Date (as defined herein), the Term Loan Agreement is amendment as follows:

(a) Section 1(g) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the language “[Intentionally Omitted]”;

(b) Section 4(a)(2) of is amended by adding the following provisio at the end of such section as follows: “all the covenants and agreements applicable to it contained in Section 8(Covenants) of the Incorporated Agreement; provided, however that if the Borrower’s obligations under the Incorporated Agreement are secured pursuant to Section 8.04(n) of the Incorporated Agreement, then the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement shall be simultaneously secured on an equal and ratable basis under documentation (including any required amendments or consents to the Incorporated Agreement) approved in writing by the Lender (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned);”

(c) The definition of “Maturity Date” in Exhibit A is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following sentence:

“November 29, 2019, provided that if such date is not a Business Day, the Maturity Date shall be the immediately preceding Business Day.”

SECTION 3. Representations and Warranties. To induce the Lender to enter into this Amendment, the Company represents and warrants to the Lender that this Amendment has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

SECTION 4. Effectiveness. This Amendment shall become effective as of as of the date hereof (the “Amendment Effective Date”) subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent on or prior to the Effective Date:

(a) Each party hereto shall have executed and delivered this Amendment; and

(b) The Borrower shall pay to the Lender for its account an upfront fee equal to $50,000.00.

SECTION 5. Effect of Amendment. Except as expressly set forth herein, this Amendment shall not by implication or otherwise limit, impair, constitute a waiver of or otherwise affect the rights and remedies of the Lender under the Term Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, and shall not alter, modify, amend or in any way affect any of the terms, conditions, obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Term Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, all of which are ratified and affirmed in all respects and shall continue in full force and effect. This Amendment shall apply and be effective only with respect to the provisions of the Term Loan Agreement specifically referred to herein. This Amendment shall constitute a Loan Document. On and after the Amendment Effective Date, any reference to the Term Loan Agreement contained in the Loan Documents shall mean the Term Loan Agreement as modified hereby.

SECTION 6. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Amendment by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Amendment.

SECTION 7. Governing Law. THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

SECTION 8. Headings. The headings of this Amendment are for purposes of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

PITNEY BOWES INC.
By
	Name:
	Title:
By
	Name:
	Title:

MUFG BANK, LTD.
by
	Name:
	Title:

[Signature Page to Second Amendment]

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Marc B. Lautenbach, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Pitney Bowes Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 5, 2019

/s/ Marc B. Lautenbach

Marc B. Lautenbach

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Stanley J. Sutula III, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Pitney Bowes Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 5, 2019

/s/ Stanley J. Sutula III

Stanley J. Sutula III

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Pitney Bowes Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Marc B. Lautenbach, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Marc B. Lautenbach

Marc B. Lautenbach

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:    November 5, 2019

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany this report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Pitney Bowes Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Stanley J. Sutula III, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Stanley J. Sutula III

Stanley J. Sutula III

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date:    November 5, 2019

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany this report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company.

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Leased Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leased Assets and Liabilities

Leased Assets and Liabilities

We lease real estate and equipment under operating and finance lease agreements. Our leases have terms of up to 15 years, some of which include the option to extend the lease for up to 5 years. At lease commencement, a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset is recognized. Lease liabilities represent the present value of future lease payments over the expected lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. Lease payments include all fixed payments and variable payments tied to an index. Variable payments excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability primarily include common area maintenance charges, property taxes, insurance and mileage. The present value of our lease liability is determined using our incremental borrowing rate at lease inception. Information regarding our operating and financing leases are as follows:

Leases	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Operating	Operating lease assets	$	172,617	$	152,554
Finance	Property, plant and equipment, net	11,250		10,683
Total leased assets		$	183,867	$	163,237
Liabilities
Operating	Current operating lease liabilities	$	34,091	$	35,208
	Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125		125,294
Finance	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,773		2,708
	Other noncurrent liabilities	7,589		7,054
Total lease liabilities		$	192,578	$	170,264

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease Cost	2019			2018			2019			2018
Operating lease expense	$	12,347		$	12,395		$	34,750		$	33,835
Finance lease expense
Amortization of leased assets	838			692			2,529			1,934
Interest on lease liabilities	172			135			520			378
Variable lease expense	4,969			4,272			18,821			16,486
Sublease income	(381		)	(680		)	(1,726		)	(1,132		)
Total expense	$	17,945		$	16,814		$	54,894		$	51,501

Operating lease expense includes immaterial amounts related to leases with terms of 12 months or less.

Future Lease Payments	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	11,233	$	907	$	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292		3,242		45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970		2,850		38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799		2,278		30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392		1,626		23,018
Thereafter	88,779		983		89,762
Total	227,465		11,886		239,351
Less: present value discount	45,249		1,524		46,773
Lease liability	$	182,216	$	10,362	$	192,578

Operating leases exclude $28 million of minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at September 30, 2019.

Lease Term and Discount Rate	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7.5 years	7.2 years
Finance leases	4.0 years	4.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.9%	4.5%
Finance leases	6.7%	6.2%

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Information	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating cash outflows - operating leases	$	10,440	$	12,319	$	32,041	$	33,075
Operating cash outflows - finance leases	$	172	$	135	$	520	$	378
Financing cash outflows - finance leases	$	758	$	630	$	2,278	$	1,786
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations
Operating leases	$	3,123	$	26,134	$	51,504	$	33,128
Finance leases	$	1,124	$	2,983	$	3,227	$	4,143

Leased Assets and Liabilities

Leased Assets and Liabilities

We lease real estate and equipment under operating and finance lease agreements. Our leases have terms of up to 15 years, some of which include the option to extend the lease for up to 5 years. At lease commencement, a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset is recognized. Lease liabilities represent the present value of future lease payments over the expected lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. Lease payments include all fixed payments and variable payments tied to an index. Variable payments excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liability primarily include common area maintenance charges, property taxes, insurance and mileage. The present value of our lease liability is determined using our incremental borrowing rate at lease inception. Information regarding our operating and financing leases are as follows:

Leases	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Operating	Operating lease assets	$	172,617	$	152,554
Finance	Property, plant and equipment, net	11,250		10,683
Total leased assets		$	183,867	$	163,237
Liabilities
Operating	Current operating lease liabilities	$	34,091	$	35,208
	Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125		125,294
Finance	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,773		2,708
	Other noncurrent liabilities	7,589		7,054
Total lease liabilities		$	192,578	$	170,264

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease Cost	2019			2018			2019			2018
Operating lease expense	$	12,347		$	12,395		$	34,750		$	33,835
Finance lease expense
Amortization of leased assets	838			692			2,529			1,934
Interest on lease liabilities	172			135			520			378
Variable lease expense	4,969			4,272			18,821			16,486
Sublease income	(381		)	(680		)	(1,726		)	(1,132		)
Total expense	$	17,945		$	16,814		$	54,894		$	51,501

Operating lease expense includes immaterial amounts related to leases with terms of 12 months or less.

Future Lease Payments	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	11,233	$	907	$	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292		3,242		45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970		2,850		38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799		2,278		30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392		1,626		23,018
Thereafter	88,779		983		89,762
Total	227,465		11,886		239,351
Less: present value discount	45,249		1,524		46,773
Lease liability	$	182,216	$	10,362	$	192,578

Operating leases exclude $28 million of minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at September 30, 2019.

Lease Term and Discount Rate	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7.5 years	7.2 years
Finance leases	4.0 years	4.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.9%	4.5%
Finance leases	6.7%	6.2%

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Information	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating cash outflows - operating leases	$	10,440	$	12,319	$	32,041	$	33,075
Operating cash outflows - finance leases	$	172	$	135	$	520	$	378
Financing cash outflows - finance leases	$	758	$	630	$	2,278	$	1,786
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations
Operating leases	$	3,123	$	26,134	$	51,504	$	33,128
Finance leases	$	1,124	$	2,983	$	3,227	$	4,143

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source and timing of recognition:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	19,062	$	19,062	$	70,556	$	89,618
Supplies	—		—		44,818		44,818		—		44,818
Rentals	—		—		—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		—		—		90,577		90,577
Support services	—		—		126,274		126,274		—		126,274
Business services	278,995		131,483		8,623		419,101		—		419,101
Subtotal	278,995		131,483		198,777		609,255		$	180,870	$	790,125
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		70,556		70,556
Rentals	—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		90,577		90,577
Total revenue	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	379,647	$	790,125
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	63,880	$	63,880
Products/services transferred over time	278,995		131,483		134,897		545,375
Total	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	198,777	$	609,255

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	20,428	$	20,428	$	68,371	$	88,799
Supplies	—		—		50,403		50,403		—		50,403
Rentals	—		—		—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		—		—		96,799		96,799
Support services	—		—		138,055		138,055		—		138,055
Business services	232,845		125,334		6,614		364,793		—		364,793
Subtotal	232,845		125,334		215,500		573,679		$	186,602	$	760,281
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		68,371		68,371
Rentals	—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		96,799		96,799
Total revenue	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	402,102	$	760,281
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	70,831	$	70,831
Products/services transferred over time	232,845		125,334		144,669		502,848
Total	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	215,500	$	573,679

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	59,739	$	59,739	$	205,217	$	264,956
Supplies	—		—		142,261		142,261		—		142,261
Rentals	—		—		—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		—		—		280,039		280,039
Support services	—		—		382,578		382,578		—		382,578
Business services	827,568		394,468		21,573		1,243,609		—		1,243,609
Subtotal	827,568		394,468		606,151		1,828,187		$	545,595	$	2,373,782
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		205,217		205,217
Rentals	—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		280,039		280,039
Total revenue	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	1,151,746	$	2,373,782
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	202,000	$	202,000
Products/services transferred over time	827,568		394,468		404,151		1,626,187
Total	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	606,151	$	1,828,187

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	64,482	$	64,482	$	224,836	$	289,318
Supplies	—		—		165,853		165,853		—		165,853
Rentals	—		—		—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		—		—		294,277		294,277
Support services	—		—		417,303		417,303		—		417,303
Business services	718,535		382,522		20,448		1,121,505		—		1,121,505
Subtotal	718,535		382,522		668,086		1,769,143		$	584,965	$	2,354,108
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		224,836		224,836
Rentals	—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		294,277		294,277
Total revenue	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	1,253,051	$	2,354,108
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	230,335	$	230,335
Products/services transferred over time	718,535		382,522		437,751		1,538,808
Total	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	668,086	$	1,769,143

Contract Assets and Advance Billings

Advance Billings from Contracts with Customers

	Balance sheet location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		Increase (decrease)
Advance billings, current	Advance billings	$	97,666	$	111,829	$	(14,163	)
Advance billings, noncurrent	Other noncurrent liabilities	$	1,413	$	1,985	$	(572	)

Future Performance Obligations

The transaction prices allocated to future performance obligations will be recognized as follows:

	Remainder of 2019		2020		2021-2024		Total
SendTech Solutions	$	77,171	$	272,621	$	421,746	$	771,538

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Discontinued Operations (Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 0		$ 1,026
Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	$ 1,965
Accounts and other receivables, net	55,077	85,399
Inventories	0	855
Other current assets and prepayments	29,801	26,121
Rental property and equipment, net	11,495	12,140
Rental property and equipment, net	0	179
Goodwill	430,995	434,160
Intangible assets	10,379	13,937
Operating lease asset	3,587	4,234
Other assets	27,079	23,833
Assets of discontinued operations	568,413	602,823
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	38,163	42,896
Current operating lease liabilities	1,441	2,000
Advance billings	98,699	113,110
Other current liabilities	0	2,021
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,823	1,943
Other noncurrent liabilities	16,908	12,828
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$ 157,034	$ 174,798

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Revenue (Contract Assets and Advance Billings) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Advance billings, current	$ 97,666	$ 111,829
Advance billings, noncurrent	1,413	$ 1,985
Increase (decrease)
Advance billings, current	(14,163)
Advance billings, noncurrent	$ (572)

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Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments (Restructuring Charges) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Restructuring Costs
Balance Beginning	$ 15,449	$ 43,720
Expenses, net	13,343	18,771
Cash payments	(18,845)	(39,242)
Balance Ending	$ 9,947	23,249
Minimum
Restructuring Costs
Restructuring reserve, expected payment period	12 months
Maximum
Restructuring Costs
Restructuring reserve, expected payment period	24 months
Severance and benefits costs
Restructuring Costs
Balance Beginning	$ 13,641	42,151
Expenses, net	12,498	13,637
Cash payments	(16,362)	(37,492)
Balance Ending	9,777	18,296
Other exit costs
Restructuring Costs
Balance Beginning	1,808	1,569
Expenses, net	845	5,134
Cash payments	(2,483)	(1,750)
Balance Ending	$ 170	$ 4,953

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 700,551	$ 919,371
Liabilities	(5,454)	(735)
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	230,677	321,116
Liabilities	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	469,874	598,255
Liabilities	(5,454)	(735)
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities	0	0
Money market funds / certificates of deposit
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	417,497	612,647
Money market funds / certificates of deposit | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	157,114	220,756
Money market funds / certificates of deposit | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	260,383	391,891
Money market funds / certificates of deposit | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	21,814	19,133
Equity securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Equity securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	21,814	19,133
Equity securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Commingled fixed income securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	22,474	21,711
Commingled fixed income securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	1,655	1,570
Commingled fixed income securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	20,819	20,141
Commingled fixed income securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Government and related securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	89,987	108,577
Government and related securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	71,908	98,790
Government and related securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	18,079	9,787
Government and related securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	73,332	56,938
Corporate debt securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Corporate debt securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	73,332	56,938
Corporate debt securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	74,718	98,334
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	74,718	98,334
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Investment securities	0	0
Foreign exchange contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	729	2,031
Derivative liabilities	(5,454)	(735)
Foreign exchange contracts | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Foreign exchange contracts | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	729	2,031
Derivative liabilities	(5,454)	(735)
Foreign exchange contracts | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Available-for-sale Securities Maturities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amortized cost
Within 1 year	$ 39,047
After 1 year through 5 years	58,494
After 5 years through 10 years	69,077
After 10 years	68,638
Total	235,256	$ 270,313
Estimated fair value
Within 1 year	39,133
After 1 year through 5 years	59,246
After 5 years through 10 years	70,267
After 10 years	71,008
Total	$ 239,654	$ 265,329

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Allowance for Credit Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Revenue recognition resume period (less than)	60 days
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance Beginning	$ 20,222	$ 18,633
Amounts charged to expense	9,375	13,093
Write-offs and other	(9,473)	(11,086)
Balance Closing	$ 20,124	20,640
Sales-type lease receivables
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Revenue recognition discontinuation period (more than)	120 days
Sales-type lease receivables | North America
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance Beginning	$ 10,252	7,721
Amounts charged to expense	4,587	7,037
Write-offs and other	(3,667)	(3,979)
Balance Closing	11,172	10,779
Sales-type lease receivables | International
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance Beginning	2,356	2,794
Amounts charged to expense	801	829
Write-offs and other	(940)	(1,359)
Balance Closing	$ 2,217	2,264
Loan receivables
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Revenue recognition discontinuation period (more than)	90 days
Loan receivables | North America
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance Beginning	$ 6,777	7,098
Amounts charged to expense	3,547	4,896
Write-offs and other	(4,308)	(5,282)
Balance Closing	6,016	6,712
Loan receivables | International
Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance Beginning	837	1,020
Amounts charged to expense	440	331
Write-offs and other	(558)	(466)
Balance Closing	$ 719	$ 885

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Operating Leases) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$ 9,092
Year ending December 31, 2020	30,986
Year ending December 31, 2021	15,600
Year ending December 31, 2022	6,886
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,154
Thereafter	412
Total	$ 66,130
Mailing Equipment | Minimum
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Term	1 year
Mailing Equipment | Maximum
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Term	5 years

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Lease Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 12,347	$ 12,395	$ 34,750	$ 33,835
Amortization of leased assets	838	692	2,529	1,934
Interest on lease liabilities	172	135	520	378
Variable lease expense	4,969	4,272	18,821	16,486
Sublease income	(381)	(680)	(1,726)	(1,132)
Total expense	$ 17,945	$ 16,814	$ 54,894	$ 51,501

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Changes) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period	$ 52,972	$ 48,961	$ 101,842	$ 30,553
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			1,098	(37,329)
Reclassifications into earnings			21,411	26,104
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(18,774)	5,639	22,509	(11,225)
Balances, end of period	25,412	108,031	25,412	108,031
Cash flow hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period			191	(406)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			135	(593)
Reclassifications into earnings			(57)	1,366
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			78	773
Balances, end of period	269	367	269	367
Available for sale securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period			(3,061)	1,597
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			7,547	(6,402)
Reclassifications into earnings			(31)	(112)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			7,516	(6,514)
Balances, end of period	4,455	(4,917)	4,455	(4,917)
Pension and postretirement benefit plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period			(846,461)	(748,800)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			0	0
Reclassifications into earnings			21,499	24,850
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			21,499	24,850
Balances, end of period	(824,962)	(723,950)	(824,962)	(723,950)
Foreign currency adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period			(99,630)	(47,331)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			(6,584)	(30,334)
Reclassifications into earnings			0	0
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			(6,584)	(30,334)
Balances, end of period	(106,214)	(77,665)	(106,214)	(77,665)
Total
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balances, beginning of period	(907,678)	(811,804)	(948,961)	(794,940)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(18,774)	5,639	22,509	(11,225)
Balances, end of period	$ (926,452)	$ (806,165)	$ (926,452)	$ (806,165)

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Debt (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Term loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 165,000,000	$ 38,000,000
Loan amount		200,000,000	$ 200,000,000
Loss on redemption of debt		$ 1,000,000
Term loans | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan amount	$ 400,000,000
Debt term	5 years
Line of credit | Revolving credit facility | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 500,000,000
Notes due May 2022 | Notes due
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase in interest rate			0.25%
Notes due September 2020 | Notes due
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase in interest rate			0.25%
Notes due October 2021 | Notes due
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase in interest rate			0.25%
Notes due April 2023 | Notes due
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase in interest rate			0.25%
Term loan due November 2019 | Term loans | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	150,000,000
Term loan due December 2020 | Term loans | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	$ 300,000,000

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Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	$ 52,972	$ 48,961	$ 101,842	$ 30,553
Cumulative effect of accounting change					$ (12,207)
Net loss	(3,125)	80,277	17,913	191,842
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(18,774)	5,639	22,509	(11,225)
Dividends paid	(8,508)	(35,183)	(26,854)	(105,296)
Issuance of common stock	1,145	1,719	(588)	(1,407)
Conversion to common stock	0	0	0	0
Redemption of preferred/preference stock			(277)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,702	6,618	15,867	15,771
Repurchase of common stock	(5,000)		(105,000)
Balances, end of period	$ 25,412	$ 108,031	$ 25,412	$ 108,031
Dividends paid (USD per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.1875	$ 0.15	$ 0.5625
Preferred stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	$ 0	$ 1	$ 1	$ 1
Redemption of preferred/preference stock			(1)
Balances, end of period	0	1	0	1
Preference stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	0	415	396	441
Conversion to common stock	0	(12)	(130)	(38)
Redemption of preferred/preference stock			(266)
Balances, end of period	0	403	0	403
Common stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	323,338	323,338	323,338	323,338
Balances, end of period	323,338	323,338	323,338	323,338
Additional paid-in capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	105,341	122,732	121,475	138,367
Issuance of common stock	(10,146)	(11,190)	(32,877)	(35,457)
Conversion to common stock	(246)	(242)	(2,804)	(763)
Redemption of preferred/preference stock			(10)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,702	6,618	15,867	15,771
Balances, end of period	101,651	117,918	101,651	117,918
Retained earnings
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	5,282,374	5,103,588	5,279,682	5,074,343
Cumulative effect of accounting change					$ (12,207)
Net loss	(3,125)	80,277	17,913	191,842
Dividends paid	(8,508)	(35,183)	(26,854)	(105,296)
Balances, end of period	5,270,741	5,148,682	5,270,741	5,148,682
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	(907,678)	(811,804)	(948,961)	(794,940)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(18,774)	5,639	22,509	(11,225)
Balances, end of period	(926,452)	(806,165)	(926,452)	(806,165)
Treasury stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balances, beginning of period	(4,750,403)	(4,689,309)	(4,674,089)	(4,710,997)
Issuance of common stock	11,291	12,909	32,289	34,050
Conversion to common stock	246	254	2,934	801
Repurchase of common stock	(5,000)		(105,000)
Balances, end of period	$ (4,743,866)	$ (4,676,146)	$ (4,743,866)	$ (4,676,146)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (3,125)	$ 80,277	$ 17,913	$ 191,842
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $(655), $(3,474), $(1,078) and $(3,474), respectively	(27,962)	(2,475)	(6,584)	(30,334)
Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $51, $174, $27 and $474, respectively	149	522	78	773
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, net of tax of $509, $(417), $2,573 and $(2,230), respectively	1,487	(1,218)	7,516	(6,514)
Amortization of pension and postretirement costs, net of tax benefits of $2,633, $2,399, $7,406 and $7,766, respectively	7,552	8,810	21,499	24,850
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(18,774)	5,639	22,509	(11,225)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (21,899)	$ 85,916	$ 40,422	$ 180,617

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ 17,913	$ 191,842
Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax	14,199	(59,289)
Restructuring payments	(18,845)	(39,242)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	118,514	112,155
Stock-based compensation	15,867	15,771
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	56,616	18,771
Loss on disposition of businesses	17,683	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures:
Decrease in accounts receivable	12,509	1,655
Decrease in finance receivables	34,674	63,128
Increase in inventories	(14,559)	(1,889)
Increase in other current assets and prepayments	(30,546)	(10,585)
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(17,526)	(80,905)
(Decrease) increase in current and noncurrent income taxes	(30,401)	194
Decrease in advance billings	(3,802)	(12,403)
Other, net	(5,870)	(9,061)
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations	166,426	190,142
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations	15,858	68,428
Net cash provided by operating activities	182,284	258,570
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(45,178)	(74,270)
Proceeds from sales/maturities of available-for-sale securities	78,024	67,354
Net activity from short-term and other investments	(92,418)	8,479
Capital expenditures	(95,221)	(105,295)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(22,100)	(2,407)
Change in reserve account deposits	3,125	6,864
Other investing activities	(9,341)	(2,500)
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations	(183,109)	(101,775)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities - discontinued operations	(18,572)	336,016
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations	(201,681)	234,241
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments of long-term debt	(202,640)	(565,141)
Dividends paid to stockholders	(26,854)	(105,296)
Common stock repurchases	(105,000)	0
Other financing activities	7,302	(55,485)
Net cash used in financing activities	(327,192)	(725,922)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(5,822)	(15,653)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(352,411)	(248,764)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	867,262	1,009,021
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	514,851	760,257
Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations	0	1,026
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at end of period	514,851	759,231
Cash interest paid	110,943	127,624
Cash income tax payments, net of refunds	$ 25,527	$ 17,168

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Total debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	Interest rate	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Notes due September 2020	4.125%	$	300,000	$	300,000
Notes due October 2021	3.875%	600,000		600,000
Notes due May 2022	4.625%	400,000		400,000
Notes due April 2023	4.95%	400,000		400,000
Notes due March 2024	4.625%	500,000		500,000
Notes due January 2037	5.25%	35,841		35,841
Notes due March 2043	6.7%	425,000		425,000
Term loans	Variable	427,500		630,000
Other debt		5,158		5,297
Principal amount		3,093,499		3,296,138
Less: unamortized costs, net		24,408		30,530
Total debt		3,069,091		3,265,608
Less: current portion long-term debt		501,728		199,535
Long-term debt		$	2,567,363	$	3,066,073

Interest rates on certain notes are subject to adjustment based on changes in our credit ratings. In April 2019, Moody's lowered our corporate credit rating from Ba1 to Ba2. As a result, the interest rates on the May 2022 notes and September 2020 notes increased 0.25% since December 31, 2018, and the interest rates on the October 2021 notes and April 2023 increased 0.25% on October 1, 2019.

During 2019, we repaid $38 million of principal related to our term loans. In September 2019, we repaid the remaining $165 million of our $200 million term loan and recorded a loss of $1 million on the early redemption of debt.

In November 2019, we repaid the $150 million term loan due November 2019 and the remaining balance of the $300 million term loan due December 2020, secured a new five-year $400 million term loan and replaced our revolving credit facility scheduled to mature in January 2021 for $500 million.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

Our reportable segments are Global Ecommerce, Presort Services and SendTech Solutions. Global Ecommerce and Presort Services comprise the Commerce Services reporting group. The principal products and services of each reportable segment are as follows:

Global Ecommerce: Includes the revenue and related expenses from products and services that enable domestic and cross-border ecommerce transactions, including shipping, fulfillment and returns.

Presort Services: Includes revenue and related expenses from sortation services to qualify large volumes of First Class Mail, Marketing Mail and Bound and Packet Mail (Marketing Mail Flats and Bound Printed Matter) for postal worksharing discounts.

SendTech Solutions: Includes the revenue and related expenses from sending technology solutions for physical mailing, digital mailing and shipping, financing, services, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats.

Management measures segment profitability and performance using segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Segment EBIT is calculated by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment. Segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, goodwill impairment charges and other items not allocated to a particular business segment. Management believes that it provides investors a useful measure of operating performance and underlying trends of the business. Segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated results of operations. The following tables provide information about our reportable segments and reconciliation of segment EBIT to net income.

Revenue and EBIT by business segment is presented below:

	Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Global Ecommerce	$	278,995	$	232,845	$	827,568	$	718,535
Presort Services	131,483		125,334		394,468		382,522
Commerce Services	410,478		358,179		1,222,036		1,101,057
SendTech Solutions	379,647		402,102		1,151,746		1,253,051
Total revenue	$	790,125	$	760,281	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108

	EBIT
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Global Ecommerce	$	(21,793	)	$	(14,330	)	$	(51,969	)	$	(28,034	)
Presort Services	17,687			17,435			48,215			57,026
Commerce Services	(4,106		)	3,105			(3,754		)	28,992
SendTech Solutions	130,954			134,607			378,095			412,427
Total segment EBIT	126,848			137,712			374,341			441,419
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Unallocated corporate expenses	(58,277		)	(40,988		)	(160,283		)	(141,321		)
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017		)	(6,099		)	(56,616		)	(18,771		)
Interest, net	(39,730		)	(37,437		)	(117,758		)	(122,484		)
Other expense	(667		)	(7,964		)	(18,350		)	(7,964		)
Transaction costs	(707		)	(36		)	(2,573		)	(1,091		)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	24,895			2,468			13,351			(17,235		)
Income from continuing operations	5,345			47,656			32,112			132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621			(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases

Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases

Finance Assets

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type lease receivables are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our clients for postage and supplies. Most loan receivables are generally due each month; however, clients may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective interest method and related annual fees are initially deferred and recognized ratably over the annual period covered. Client acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019									December 31, 2018
	North America			International			Total			North America			International			Total
Sales-type lease receivables
Gross finance receivables	$	1,064,996		$	215,110		$	1,280,106		$	1,110,898		$	242,036		$	1,352,934
Unguaranteed residual values	43,621			11,264			54,885			52,637			12,772			65,409
Unearned income	(331,085		)	(63,121		)	(394,206		)	(383,453		)	(55,113		)	(438,566		)
Allowance for credit losses	(11,172		)	(2,217		)	(13,389		)	(10,252		)	(2,356		)	(12,608		)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables	766,360			161,036			927,396			769,830			197,339			967,169
Loan receivables
Loan receivables	285,163			28,100			313,263			300,319			29,270			329,589
Allowance for credit losses	(6,016		)	(719		)	(6,735		)	(6,777		)	(837		)	(7,614		)
Net investment in loan receivables	279,147			27,381			306,528			293,542			28,433			321,975
Net investment in finance receivables	$	1,045,507		$	188,417		$	1,233,924		$	1,063,372		$	225,772		$	1,289,144

Maturities of gross loan receivables and gross sales-type lease receivables at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	132,964	$	25,592	$	158,556	$	245,197	$	28,100	$	273,297
Year ending December 31, 2020	383,029		74,364		457,393		12,927		—		12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	276,009		55,152		331,161		10,463		—		10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	171,049		35,937		206,986		8,990		—		8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	83,306		18,521		101,827		3,782		—		3,782
Thereafter	18,639		5,544		24,183		3,804		—		3,804
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	1,280,106	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	313,263

Allowance for Credit Losses

We provide an allowance for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature and volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to manage the collateral. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and make adjustments as necessary. The assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from estimated reserves.

We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. As of September 30, 2019, we believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	10,252		$	2,356		$	6,777		$	837		$	20,222
Amounts charged to expense	4,587			801			3,547			440			9,375
Write-offs and other	(3,667		)	(940		)	(4,308		)	(558		)	(9,473		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	11,172		$	2,217		$	6,016		$	719		$	20,124
	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	7,721		$	2,794		$	7,098		$	1,020		$	18,633
Amounts charged to expense	7,037			829			4,896			331			13,093
Write-offs and other	(3,979		)	(1,359		)	(5,282		)	(466		)	(11,086		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	10,779		$	2,264		$	6,712		$	885		$	20,640

Aging of Receivables

The aging of gross finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,032,400	$	211,442	$	280,114	$	27,722	$	1,551,678
> 90 days	32,596		3,668		5,049		378		41,691
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	1,593,369
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	4,751	$	1,074	$	1,797	$	53	$	7,675
Not accruing interest	27,845		2,594		3,252		325		34,016
Total	$	32,596	$	3,668	$	5,049	$	378	$	41,691

	December 31, 2018
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,069,290	$	238,114	$	294,126	$	29,079	$	1,630,609
> 90 days	41,608		3,922		6,193		191		51,914
Total	$	1,110,898	$	242,036	$	300,319	$	29,270	$	1,682,523
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	7,917	$	1,111	$	1,769	$	72	$	10,869
Not accruing interest	33,691		2,811		4,424		119		41,045
Total	$	41,608	$	3,922	$	6,193	$	191	$	51,914

Credit Quality

The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of an automated credit score, where available, and a detailed manual review of the client's financial condition and, when applicable, payment history. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct

follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes. The portfolio management processes are in place to track that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.

We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive, given that it is a localized process, and there is no single credit score model that covers all countries.

The table below shows the North America portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by relative risk class based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including the company type, ownership structure, payment history and financial information. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not scored. Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The degree of risk (low, medium, high), as defined by the third party, refers to the relative risk that an account may become delinquent in the next 12 months.

• Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and are considered to approximate the top 30% of all commercial borrowers.

• Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and are considered to approximate the middle 40% of all commercial borrowers.

• High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent and are considered to approximate the bottom 30% of all commercial borrowers.

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Sales-type lease receivables
Low	$	853,156	$	922,414
Medium	160,969		131,650
High	22,315		22,110
Not Scored	28,556		34,724
Total	$	1,064,996	$	1,110,898
Loan receivables
Low	$	215,319	$	238,620
Medium	53,176		43,952
High	5,379		5,947
Not Scored	11,289		11,800
Total	$	285,163	$	300,319

Lease Income

Lease income from sales-type leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit recognized at commencement (1)	$	38,086	$	38,204	$	108,743	$	125,133
Interest income	56,522		60,653		174,045		183,340
Total lease income from sales-type leases	$	94,608	$	98,857	$	282,788	$	308,473

⁽¹⁾ Lease contracts do not include variable lease payments.

Lessor Operating Leases

We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms of one to five years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,092
Year ending December 31, 2020	30,986
Year ending December 31, 2021	15,600
Year ending December 31, 2022	6,886
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,154
Thereafter	412
Total	$	66,130

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of operating and finance lease assets and liabilities

Leases	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Operating	Operating lease assets	$	172,617	$	152,554
Finance	Property, plant and equipment, net	11,250		10,683
Total leased assets		$	183,867	$	163,237
Liabilities
Operating	Current operating lease liabilities	$	34,091	$	35,208
	Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125		125,294
Finance	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,773		2,708
	Other noncurrent liabilities	7,589		7,054
Total lease liabilities		$	192,578	$	170,264

Schedule of components of lease expense

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease Cost	2019			2018			2019			2018
Operating lease expense	$	12,347		$	12,395		$	34,750		$	33,835
Finance lease expense
Amortization of leased assets	838			692			2,529			1,934
Interest on lease liabilities	172			135			520			378
Variable lease expense	4,969			4,272			18,821			16,486
Sublease income	(381		)	(680		)	(1,726		)	(1,132		)
Total expense	$	17,945		$	16,814		$	54,894		$	51,501

Schedule of future payments of finance lease liabilities

Future Lease Payments	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	11,233	$	907	$	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292		3,242		45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970		2,850		38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799		2,278		30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392		1,626		23,018
Thereafter	88,779		983		89,762
Total	227,465		11,886		239,351
Less: present value discount	45,249		1,524		46,773
Lease liability	$	182,216	$	10,362	$	192,578

Schedule of future payments of operating lease liabilities

Future Lease Payments	Operating Leases		Finance Leases		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	11,233	$	907	$	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292		3,242		45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970		2,850		38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799		2,278		30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392		1,626		23,018
Thereafter	88,779		983		89,762
Total	227,465		11,886		239,351
Less: present value discount	45,249		1,524		46,773
Lease liability	$	182,216	$	10,362	$	192,578

Schedule of weighted-average remaining lease terms and weighted-average discount rates

Lease Term and Discount Rate	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7.5 years	7.2 years
Finance leases	4.0 years	4.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.9%	4.5%
Finance leases	6.7%	6.2%

Schedule of supplemental cash flow information

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Information	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating cash outflows - operating leases	$	10,440	$	12,319	$	32,041	$	33,075
Operating cash outflows - finance leases	$	172	$	135	$	520	$	378
Financing cash outflows - finance leases	$	758	$	630	$	2,278	$	1,786
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations
Operating leases	$	3,123	$	26,134	$	51,504	$	33,128
Finance leases	$	1,124	$	2,983	$	3,227	$	4,143

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	157,114	$	260,383		$	—	$	417,497
Equity securities	—		21,814			—		21,814
Commingled fixed income securities	1,655		20,819			—		22,474
Government and related securities	71,908		18,079			—		89,987
Corporate debt securities	—		73,332			—		73,332
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		74,718			—		74,718
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		729			—		729
Total assets	$	230,677	$	469,874		$	—	$	700,551
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	220,756	$	391,891		$	—	$	612,647
Equity securities	—		19,133			—		19,133
Commingled fixed income securities	1,570		20,141			—		21,711
Government and related securities	98,790		9,787			—		108,577
Corporate debt securities	—		56,938			—		56,938
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		98,334			—		98,334
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		2,031			—		2,031
Total assets	$	321,116	$	598,255		$	—	$	919,371
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities Reconciliation

Available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	88,050	$	1,946	$	(47	)	$	89,949
Corporate debt securities	71,763		1,907		(338		)	73,332
Commingled fixed income securities	1,666		—		(11		)	1,655
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	73,777		1,269		(328		)	74,718
Total	$	235,256	$	5,122	$	(724	)	$	239,654

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	109,776	$	47	$	(1,336	)	$	108,487
Corporate debt securities	58,714		4		(1,780		)	56,938
Commingled fixed income securities	1,637		—		(67		)	1,570
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	100,186		167		(2,019		)	98,334
Total	$	270,313	$	218	$	(5,202	)	$	265,329

Schedule of Unrealized Holding Losses

The aggregate unrealized holding losses of investment securities in a loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 continuous months	$	35,784	$	360	$	48,318	$	847
Greater than 12 continuous months	28,235		364		177,331		4,355
Total	$	64,019	$	724	$	225,649	$	5,202

Available-for-sale Securities

Scheduled maturities of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
Within 1 year	$	39,047	$	39,133
After 1 year through 5 years	58,494		59,246
After 5 years through 10 years	69,077		70,267
After 10 years	68,638		71,008
Total	$	235,256	$	239,654

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The fair value of derivative instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

Designation of Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	$	113		$	61
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(52		)	(104		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	616			1,970
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(5,402		)	(631		)
	Total derivative assets	$	729		$	2,031
	Total derivative liabilities	(5,454		)	(735		)
	Total net derivative (liability) asset	$	(4,725	)	$	1,296

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location

The following represents the results of cash flow hedging relationships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	156	$	(42	)	Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)
						Cost of sales	54			52
Interest rate swap	—		(824		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	156	$	(866	)		$	(44	)	$	14
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	181	$	111		Revenue	$	(23	)	$	38
						Cost of sales	99			(33		)
Interest rate swap	—		(1,776		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	181	$	(1,665	)		$	76		$	5

Schedule of Other Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location

The table below represents the mark-to-market adjustments of non-designated derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All outstanding contracts at September 30, 2019 mature within 12 months.

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(11,385	)	$	(1,948	)
		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(6,181	)	$	(20,344	)

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Carrying value	$	3,069,091	$	3,265,608
Fair value	$	2,953,853	$	3,003,678

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Aging of Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,593,369	$ 1,682,523
1 - 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	1,551,678	1,630,609
Contract value	1,551,678	1,630,609
Greater than 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	41,691	51,914
Still accruing interest	7,675	10,869
Not accruing interest	34,016	41,045
Contract value	41,691	51,914
Sales-type lease receivables | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total	1,064,996	1,110,898
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | 1 - 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	1,032,400	1,069,290
Contract value	1,032,400	1,069,290
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | Greater than 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	32,596	41,608
Still accruing interest	4,751	7,917
Not accruing interest	27,845	33,691
Contract value	32,596	41,608
Sales-type lease receivables | International
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total	215,110	242,036
Sales-type lease receivables | International | 1 - 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	211,442	238,114
Contract value	211,442	238,114
Sales-type lease receivables | International | Greater than 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	3,668	3,922
Still accruing interest	1,074	1,111
Not accruing interest	2,594	2,811
Contract value	3,668	3,922
Loan receivables | North America
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total	285,163	300,319
Loan receivables | North America | 1 - 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	280,114	294,126
Contract value	280,114	294,126
Loan receivables | North America | Greater than 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	5,049	6,193
Still accruing interest	1,797	1,769
Not accruing interest	3,252	4,424
Contract value	5,049	6,193
Loan receivables | International
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total	28,100	29,270
Loan receivables | International | 1 - 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	27,722	29,079
Contract value	27,722	29,079
Loan receivables | International | Greater than 90 days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables	378	191
Still accruing interest	53	72
Not accruing interest	325	119
Contract value	$ 378	$ 191

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite lived intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 421,189		$ 421,189		$ 414,922
Accumulated Amortization	(221,474)		(221,474)		(201,722)
Net Carrying Amount	199,715		199,715		213,200
Amortization expense	9,000	$ 10,000	27,000	$ 29,000
Customer relationships
Finite lived intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	347,515		347,515		338,320
Accumulated Amortization	(164,336)		(164,336)		(149,539)
Net Carrying Amount	183,179		183,179		188,781
Software & technology
Finite lived intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	52,309		52,309		54,297
Accumulated Amortization	(38,517)		(38,517)		(35,325)
Net Carrying Amount	13,792		13,792		18,972
Trademarks & other
Finite lived intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	21,365		21,365		22,305
Accumulated Amortization	(18,621)		(18,621)		(16,858)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 2,744		$ 2,744		$ 5,447

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue		$ 790,125	$ 760,281	$ 2,373,782	$ 2,354,108
Costs and expenses:
Financing interest expense		11,026	10,849	33,433	33,107
Selling, general and administrative		254,092	241,350	757,228	759,469
Research and development		12,272	15,636	38,421	44,651
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net		47,017	6,099	56,616	18,771
Interest expense, net		28,704	26,588	84,325	89,377
Other components of net pension and postretirement cost		(882)	(1,852)	(3,138)	(6,070)
Other expense		667	7,964	18,350	7,964
Total costs and expenses		809,675	715,093	2,355,021	2,204,320
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes		(19,550)	45,188	18,761	149,788
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(24,895)	(2,468)	(13,351)	17,235
Income from continuing operations		5,345	47,656	32,112	132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax		(8,470)	32,621	(14,199)	59,289
Net (loss) income		$ (3,125)	$ 80,277	$ 17,913	$ 191,842
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.03	$ 0.25	$ 0.18	$ 0.71
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.05)	0.17	(0.08)	0.32
Net (loss) income (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.02)	0.43	0.10	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.03	0.25	0.18	0.70
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.05)	0.17	(0.08)	0.32
Net (loss) income (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ (0.02)	$ 0.43	$ 0.10	$ 1.02
Equipment sales
Revenue from contracts with customers		$ 19,062	$ 20,428	$ 59,739	$ 64,482
Revenue		89,618	88,799	264,956	289,318
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products and sales		59,859	52,209	182,094	173,626
Supplies
Revenue from contracts with customers		44,818	50,403	142,261	165,853
Revenue		44,818	50,403	142,261	165,853
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products and sales		12,225	13,967	37,533	46,652
Rentals
Revenue from contracts with customers		0	0	0	0
Revenue		19,737	21,432	60,339	65,852
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products and sales		5,090	9,174	23,223	30,386
Financing
Revenue from contracts with customers		0	0	0	0
Revenue		90,577	96,799	280,039	294,277
Support services
Revenue from contracts with customers		126,274	138,055	382,578	417,303
Revenue		126,274	138,055	382,578	417,303
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products and sales		41,086	45,872	123,453	134,204
Business services
Revenue from contracts with customers		419,101	364,793	1,243,609	1,121,505
Revenue		419,101	364,793	1,243,609	1,121,505
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products and sales		$ 338,519	$ 287,237	$ 1,003,483	$ 872,183

[1] The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Supplemental Cash Flow Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows - operating leases	$ 10,440	$ 12,319	$ 32,041	$ 33,075
Operating cash outflows - finance leases	172	135	520	378
Financing cash outflows - finance leases	758	630	2,278	1,786
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations
Operating leases	3,123	26,134	51,504	33,128
Finance leases	$ 1,124	$ 2,983	$ 3,227	$ 4,143

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 20,971	$ 17,443
Short-term finance receivables allowance	12,819	12,418
Long-term finance receivables allowance	$ 7,305	$ 7,804
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 50	$ 50
Preferred stock dividend rate	4.00%	4.00%
Preference stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preference stock dividend rate (in dollars per share)	2.12	2.12
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	480,000,000	480,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	323,337,912	323,337,912
Treasury stock (in shares)	153,182,446	135,662,830

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Operating and Finance Lease Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating	$ 172,617	$ 152,554
Finance	11,250	10,683
Total leased assets	183,867	163,237
Current operating lease liabilities	34,091	35,208
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125	125,294
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,773	2,708
Other noncurrent liabilities	7,589	7,054
Total lease liabilities	$ 192,578	$ 170,264
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Term of contract	15 years
Option to extend	5 years

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Reclassifications) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 790,125	$ 760,281	$ 2,373,782	$ 2,354,108
Interest expense, net	(28,704)	(26,588)	(84,325)	(89,377)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes	(19,550)	45,188	18,761	149,788
Income tax (provision) benefit	24,895	2,468	13,351	(17,235)
Net (loss) income	(3,125)	80,277	17,913	191,842
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	(254,092)	(241,350)	(757,228)	(759,469)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Cash flow hedges
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Revenue	(98)	(38)	(23)	38
Cost of sales	54	52	99	(33)
Interest expense, net	0	(825)	0	(1,839)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes	(44)	(811)	76	(1,834)
Income tax (provision) benefit	11	206	(19)	468
Net (loss) income	(33)	(605)	57	(1,366)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Available for sale securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Interest expense, net	146	(40)	42	150
Income tax (provision) benefit	(37)	10	(11)	(38)
Net (loss) income	109	(30)	31	112
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Pension and postretirement benefit plans
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes	(10,185)	(11,208)	(28,905)	(32,616)
Income tax (provision) benefit	2,633	2,399	7,406	7,766
Net (loss) income	(7,552)	(8,809)	(21,499)	(24,850)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Transition credit
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	2	2	5	5
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Prior service costs
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	(123)	(79)	(377)	(188)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Actuarial losses
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	(8,587)	(9,996)	(25,858)	(31,298)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Settlements
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans	$ (1,477)	$ (1,135)	$ (2,675)	$ (1,135)

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Debt (Schedule of Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 3,093,499	$ 3,296,138
Less: unamortized costs, net	24,408	30,530
Total debt	3,069,091	3,265,608
Less: current portion long-term debt	501,728	199,535
Long-term debt	$ 2,567,363	3,066,073
Notes due | Notes due September 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.125%
Principal amount	$ 300,000	300,000
Notes due | Notes due October 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.875%
Principal amount	$ 600,000	600,000
Notes due | Notes due May 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.625%
Principal amount	$ 400,000	400,000
Notes due | Notes due April 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.95%
Principal amount	$ 400,000	400,000
Notes due | Notes due March 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.625%
Principal amount	$ 500,000	500,000
Notes due | Notes due January 2037
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.25%
Principal amount	$ 35,841	35,841
Notes due | Notes due March 2043
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.70%
Principal amount	$ 425,000	425,000
Term loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	427,500	630,000
Other debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 5,158	$ 5,297

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Discontinued Operations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

In August 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Software Solutions business for $700 million, subject to certain adjustments. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, and we expect it to be completed by the end of 2019.

The operating results of the Software Solutions business are now reported as discontinued operations. Discontinued operations also includes our Document Messaging Technology production mail business and supporting software (Production Mail Business) that was sold in July 2018.

Selected financial information of discontinued operations is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019									Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail			Total
Revenue	$	73,620		$	—		$	73,620		$	75,743	$	19,557		$	95,300
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	8,633		$	—		$	8,633		$	4,533	$	(1,316	)	$	3,217
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(12,447		)	(5,710		)	(18,157		)	—		86,640			86,640
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(3,814	)	$	(5,710	)	(9,524		)	$	4,533	$	85,324		89,857
Tax (benefit) provision							(1,054		)						57,236
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(8,470	)						$	32,621

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail		Total
Revenue	$	219,144		$	—		$	219,144		$	243,738	$	211,000	$	454,738
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	13,334		$	(663	)	$	12,671		$	28,497	$	20,304	$	48,801
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(14,211		)	(14,967		)	(29,178		)	—		77,863		77,863
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(877	)	$	(15,630	)	(16,507		)	$	28,497	$	98,167	126,664
Tax (benefit) provision							(2,308		)					67,375
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(14,199	)					$	59,289

The major categories of assets and liabilities included in assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations are as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	1,965
Accounts and other receivables, net	55,077		85,399
Inventories	—		855
Other current assets and prepayments	29,801		26,121
Property, plant and equipment, net	11,495		12,140
Rental property and equipment, net	—		179
Goodwill	430,995		434,160
Intangible assets	10,379		13,937
Operating lease asset	3,587		4,234
Other assets	27,079		23,833
Assets of discontinued operations	$	568,413	$	602,823
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	38,163	$	42,896
Current operating lease liabilities	1,441		2,000
Advance billings	98,699		113,110
Other current liabilities	—		2,021
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,823		1,943
Other noncurrent liabilities	16,908		12,828
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$	157,034	$	174,798

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	347,515	$	(164,336	)	$	183,179	$	338,320	$	(149,539	)	$	188,781
Software & technology	52,309		(38,517		)	13,792		54,297		(35,325		)	18,972
Trademarks & other	21,365		(18,621		)	2,744		22,305		(16,858		)	5,447
Total intangible assets	$	421,189	$	(221,474	)	$	199,715	$	414,922	$	(201,722	)	$	213,200

Amortization expense was $9 million and $10 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $27 million and $29 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Future amortization expense as of September 30, 2019 is shown in the table below. Actual amortization expense may differ due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, impairments, acquisitions and accelerated amortization.

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,171
Year ending December 31, 2020	33,368
Year ending December 31, 2021	29,972
Year ending December 31, 2022	29,026
Year ending December 31, 2023	26,188
Thereafter	71,990
Total	$	199,715

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are shown in the table below.

	December 31, 2018		Acquisition/(divestiture)			Currency impact			September 30, 2019
Global Ecommerce	$	609,431	$	—		$	—		$	609,431
Presort Services	207,465		5,064			—			212,529
Commerce Services	816,896		5,064			—			821,960
SendTech Solutions	515,455		(10,490		)	(9,888		)	495,077
Total goodwill	$	1,332,351	$	(5,426	)	$	(9,888	)	$	1,317,037

In January 2019, we wrote off $10 million of goodwill associated with Market Exits.

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Pensions and Other Benefit Programs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Benefit Programs

Pensions and Other Benefit Programs

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost were as follows:

	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	20		$	23		$	385		$	567		$	242	$	298
Interest cost	15,792			15,363			4,435			4,434			1,646		1,676
Expected return on plan assets	(23,182		)	(25,281		)	(8,340		)	(8,730		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(2		)	(2		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(15		)	(15		)	58			(18		)	80		112
Amortization of net actuarial loss	6,537			7,851			1,543			1,807			507		338
Settlement	1,477			796			—			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	629		$	(1,263	)	$	(1,921	)	$	(1,942	)	$	2,475	$	2,763
Contributions to benefit plans	$	3,350		$	2,479		$	652		$	661		$	4,628	$	4,442
	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	62		$	69		$	1,157		$	1,731		$	725	$	1,109
Interest cost	47,378			46,087			13,231			13,721			4,937		4,888
Expected return on plan assets	(69,545		)	(75,815		)	(25,609		)	(27,045		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(5		)	(5		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(45		)	(45		)	181			(54		)	241		287
Amortization of net actuarial loss	19,610			23,555			4,727			5,590			1,521		2,153
Settlement (1)	2,278			796			397			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(262	)	$	(5,353	)	$	(5,921	)	$	(6,062	)	$	7,424	$	8,776
Contributions to benefit plans	$	7,401		$	5,674		$	9,740		$	10,640		$	13,841	$	13,552

⁽¹⁾ Approximately $1.4 million and $1.0 million of total settlement charges were recorded in restructuring charges and discontinued operations, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Pensions and Other Benefit Programs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost were as follows:

	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	20		$	23		$	385		$	567		$	242	$	298
Interest cost	15,792			15,363			4,435			4,434			1,646		1,676
Expected return on plan assets	(23,182		)	(25,281		)	(8,340		)	(8,730		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(2		)	(2		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(15		)	(15		)	58			(18		)	80		112
Amortization of net actuarial loss	6,537			7,851			1,543			1,807			507		338
Settlement	1,477			796			—			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	629		$	(1,263	)	$	(1,921	)	$	(1,942	)	$	2,475	$	2,763
Contributions to benefit plans	$	3,350		$	2,479		$	652		$	661		$	4,628	$	4,442
	Defined Benefit Pension Plans												Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
	United States						Foreign
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	62		$	69		$	1,157		$	1,731		$	725	$	1,109
Interest cost	47,378			46,087			13,231			13,721			4,937		4,888
Expected return on plan assets	(69,545		)	(75,815		)	(25,609		)	(27,045		)	—		—
Amortization of transition credit	—			—			(5		)	(5		)	—		—
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(45		)	(45		)	181			(54		)	241		287
Amortization of net actuarial loss	19,610			23,555			4,727			5,590			1,521		2,153
Settlement (1)	2,278			796			397			—			—		339
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(262	)	$	(5,353	)	$	(5,921	)	$	(6,062	)	$	7,424	$	8,776
Contributions to benefit plans	$	7,401		$	5,674		$	9,740		$	10,640		$	13,841	$	13,552

⁽¹⁾ Approximately $1.4 million and $1.0 million of total settlement charges were recorded in restructuring charges and discontinued operations, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	347,515	$	(164,336	)	$	183,179	$	338,320	$	(149,539	)	$	188,781
Software & technology	52,309		(38,517		)	13,792		54,297		(35,325		)	18,972
Trademarks & other	21,365		(18,621		)	2,744		22,305		(16,858		)	5,447
Total intangible assets	$	421,189	$	(221,474	)	$	199,715	$	414,922	$	(201,722	)	$	213,200

Amortization Expense In Future Periods

Future amortization expense as of September 30, 2019 is shown in the table below. Actual amortization expense may differ due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, impairments, acquisitions and accelerated amortization.

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,171
Year ending December 31, 2020	33,368
Year ending December 31, 2021	29,972
Year ending December 31, 2022	29,026
Year ending December 31, 2023	26,188
Thereafter	71,990
Total	$	199,715

Schedule of Goodwill

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are shown in the table below.

	December 31, 2018		Acquisition/(divestiture)			Currency impact			September 30, 2019
Global Ecommerce	$	609,431	$	—		$	—		$	609,431
Presort Services	207,465		5,064			—			212,529
Commerce Services	816,896		5,064			—			821,960
SendTech Solutions	515,455		(10,490		)	(9,888		)	495,077
Total goodwill	$	1,332,351	$	(5,426	)	$	(9,888	)	$	1,317,037

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Stockholders’ Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock		Preference stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	105,341		$	5,282,374		$	(907,678	)	$	(4,750,403	)	$	52,972
Net loss	—		—		—		—			(3,125		)	—			—			(3,125		)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—			—			(18,774		)	—			(18,774		)
Dividends paid ($0.05 per common share)	—		—		—		—			(8,508		)	—			—			(8,508		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—		—		(10,146		)	—			—			11,291			1,145
Conversion to common stock	—		—		—		(246		)	—			—			246			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		6,702			—			—			—			6,702
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—			—			—			(5,000		)	(5,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2018	$	1	$	415		$	323,338	$	122,732		$	5,103,588		$	(811,804	)	$	(4,689,309	)	$	48,961
Net income	—		—			—		—			80,277			—			—			80,277
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—		—			—			5,639			—			5,639
Dividends paid ($0.1875 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(35,183		)	—			—			(35,183		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(11,190		)	—			—			12,909			1,719
Conversion to common stock	—		(12		)	—		(242		)	—			—			254			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		6,618			—			—			—			6,618
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock			Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	1		$	396		$	323,338	$	121,475		$	5,279,682		$	(948,961	)	$	(4,674,089	)	$	101,842
Net income	—			—			—		—			17,913			—			—			17,913
Other comprehensive income	—			—			—		—			—			22,509			—			22,509
Dividends paid ($0.15 per common share)	—			—			—		—			(26,854		)	—			—			(26,854		)
Issuance of common stock	—			—			—		(32,877		)	—			—			32,289			(588		)
Conversion to common stock	—			(130		)	—		(2,804		)	—			—			2,934			—
Redemption of preferred/preference stock	(1		)	(266		)	—		(10		)	—			—			—			(277		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—			—		15,867			—			—			—			15,867
Repurchase of common stock	—			—			—		—			—			—			(105,000		)	(105,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—		$	—		$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	1	$	441		$	323,338	$	138,367		$	5,074,343		$	(794,940	)	$	(4,710,997	)	$	30,553
Cumulative effect of accounting change	—		—			—		—			(12,207		)	—			—			(12,207		)
Net income	—		—			—		—			191,842			—			—			191,842
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—		—			—			(11,225		)	—			(11,225		)
Dividends paid ($0.5625 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(105,296		)	—			—			(105,296		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(35,457		)	—			—			34,050			(1,407		)
Conversion to common stock	—		(38		)	—		(763		)	—			—			801			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		15,771			—			—			—			15,771
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated Statements

Revenue and EBIT by business segment is presented below:

	Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Global Ecommerce	$	278,995	$	232,845	$	827,568	$	718,535
Presort Services	131,483		125,334		394,468		382,522
Commerce Services	410,478		358,179		1,222,036		1,101,057
SendTech Solutions	379,647		402,102		1,151,746		1,253,051
Total revenue	$	790,125	$	760,281	$	2,373,782	$	2,354,108

	EBIT
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Global Ecommerce	$	(21,793	)	$	(14,330	)	$	(51,969	)	$	(28,034	)
Presort Services	17,687			17,435			48,215			57,026
Commerce Services	(4,106		)	3,105			(3,754		)	28,992
SendTech Solutions	130,954			134,607			378,095			412,427
Total segment EBIT	126,848			137,712			374,341			441,419
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Unallocated corporate expenses	(58,277		)	(40,988		)	(160,283		)	(141,321		)
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017		)	(6,099		)	(56,616		)	(18,771		)
Interest, net	(39,730		)	(37,437		)	(117,758		)	(122,484		)
Other expense	(667		)	(7,964		)	(18,350		)	(7,964		)
Transaction costs	(707		)	(36		)	(2,573		)	(1,091		)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	24,895			2,468			13,351			(17,235		)
Income from continuing operations	5,345			47,656			32,112			132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621			(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842

Reconciliation of EBIT from Segments to Consolidated

	EBIT
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Global Ecommerce	$	(21,793	)	$	(14,330	)	$	(51,969	)	$	(28,034	)
Presort Services	17,687			17,435			48,215			57,026
Commerce Services	(4,106		)	3,105			(3,754		)	28,992
SendTech Solutions	130,954			134,607			378,095			412,427
Total segment EBIT	126,848			137,712			374,341			441,419
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Unallocated corporate expenses	(58,277		)	(40,988		)	(160,283		)	(141,321		)
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017		)	(6,099		)	(56,616		)	(18,771		)
Interest, net	(39,730		)	(37,437		)	(117,758		)	(122,484		)
Other expense	(667		)	(7,964		)	(18,350		)	(7,964		)
Transaction costs	(707		)	(36		)	(2,573		)	(1,091		)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	24,895			2,468			13,351			(17,235		)
Income from continuing operations	5,345			47,656			32,112			132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621			(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income	$	(3,125	)	$	80,277		$	17,913		$	191,842

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Discontinued Operations (Financial Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Aug. 31, 2019
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax		$ (8,470)	$ 32,621	$ (14,199)	$ 59,289
Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenue		73,620	95,300	219,144	454,738
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		8,633	3,217	12,671	48,801
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	$ 18,000	(18,157)	86,640	(29,178)	77,863
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes		(9,524)	89,857	(16,507)	126,664
Tax (benefit) provision		(1,054)	57,236	(2,308)	67,375
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax		(8,470)	32,621	(14,199)	59,289
Software Solutions | Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Sale of business						$ 700,000
Revenue		73,620	75,743	219,144	243,738
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		8,633	4,533	13,334	28,497
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)		(12,447)	0	(14,211)	0
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes		(3,814)	4,533	(877)	28,497
Production Mail | Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenue		0	19,557	0	211,000
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		0	(1,316)	(663)	20,304
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)		(5,710)	86,640	(14,967)	77,863
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes		$ (5,710)	$ 85,324	$ (15,630)	$ 98,167

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Revenue (Narrative) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Advanced billings, revenue recognized	$ 114
Expected timing of satisfaction period	12 months	12 months
Support services | Minimum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Period of recognition		1 year
Support services | Maximum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Period of recognition		5 years
Business services | Minimum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Period of recognition		1 year
Business services | Maximum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Period of recognition		5 years

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019
Derivative [Line Items]
Collateral outstanding		$ 0
Notes due December 2020 | New Term Loan
Derivative [Line Items]
Loan amount		300,000,000
Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	$ 8,000,000	8,000,000
Interest Rate Swap | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		$ 300,000,000
Investment Concentration Risk | Commercial paper | Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Percent of investments that is classified as commercial paper	3.00%

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Derivative Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	$ (4,725)	$ 1,296
Total derivative assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	729	2,031
Total derivative liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	(5,454)	(735)
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Other current assets and prepayments
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	113	61
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	(52)	(104)
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Other current assets and prepayments
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	616	1,970
Foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Total net derivative (liability) asset	$ (5,402)	$ (631)

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Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments (Asset Impairments) (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Asset impairment charges	$ 42

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation, tax	$ (655)	$ (3,474)	$ (1,078)	$ (3,474)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, tax	51	174	27	474
Net unrealized gain on investment securities, tax	509	(417)	2,573	(2,230)
Amortization of pension and postretirement costs, tax	$ 2,633	$ 2,399	$ 7,406	$ 7,766

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Lease Maturity) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Leases
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$ 11,233
Year ending December 31, 2020	42,292
Year ending December 31, 2021	35,970
Year ending December 31, 2022	27,799
Year ending December 31, 2023	21,392
Thereafter	88,779
Total	227,465
Less: present value discount	45,249
Lease liability	182,216
Finance Leases
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	907
Year ending December 31, 2020	3,242
Year ending December 31, 2021	2,850
Year ending December 31, 2022	2,278
Year ending December 31, 2023	1,626
Thereafter	983
Total	11,886
Less: present value discount	1,524
Lease liability	10,362
Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	12,140
Year ending December 31, 2020	45,534
Year ending December 31, 2021	38,820
Year ending December 31, 2022	30,077
Year ending December 31, 2023	23,018
Thereafter	89,762
Total	239,351
Less: present value discount	46,773
Lease liability	192,578
Leases signed but not yet commenced	$ 28,000

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Pitney Bowes Inc. (we, us, our, or the company) is a global technology company providing innovative products and commerce solutions that power billions of transactions and help our clients navigate the complex world of commerce. We offer shipping, mailing, fulfillment, returns and cross-border ecommerce products and solutions that enable the sending of parcels and packages across the globe. Clients around the world rely on the accuracy and precision delivered by Pitney Bowes solutions. Pitney Bowes Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1920. For more information about us, our products, services and solutions, visit www.pb.com.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In addition, the December 31, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In management's opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2019. These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report to Stockholders on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2018 Annual Report).

In the quarter, we recast our segment reporting to combine North America Mailing and International Mailing into the Sending Technology Solutions (SendTech Solutions) segment to reflect how we manage these operations and the products and services provided to our clients.

In August 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Software Solutions business. Software Solutions offers customer information management, location intelligence and customer engagement products and solutions to help clients market to their customers. The Software Solutions business is now reported as a discontinued operation in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and prior periods have been recast to conform to the current period presentation. See Note 4 for further details.

In January 2019, we sold the direct operations and moved to a dealer model in six smaller markets within the SendTech Solutions segment (Market Exits) and recognized a pre-tax loss of $18 million in other expense.

Accounts and other receivables includes other receivables of $102 million at September 30, 2019 and $75 million at December 31, 2018.

Based on their nature, we determined that certain costs previously classified as research and development and cost of business services should be classified in other line items within costs and expenses. Accordingly, the income statement for the three months ended September 30, 2018 has been revised to correct the classification of these costs by reducing research and development expense and cost of business services by $8 million and $4 million, respectively, and increasing selling, general and administrative expense and cost of equipment sales by $9 million and $3 million, respectively. The income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been revised to correct the classification of these costs by reducing research and development expense and cost of business services by $20 million and $10 million, respectively, and increasing selling, general and administrative expense and cost of equipment sales by $22 million and $8 million, respectively.

The classification of certain prior year costs of revenue have been revised to correct and conform to the current year presentation. Accordingly, for the three months ended September 30, 2018, both cost of equipment sales and cost of rentals were reduced by $1 million and cost of support services was increased by $2 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cost of equipment sales and cost of rentals were reduced by $4 million and $3 million, respectively, and cost of support services increased by $7 million.

The December 31, 2018 balance sheet has been revised to correct the classification of assets and liabilities by reducing short-term finance receivables and advance billings by $106 million and $6 million, respectively, and increasing long-term finance receivables by $100 million.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, Leases (ASC 842), using the modified retrospective transition approach of applying the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We

recognized a cumulative effect adjustment at January 1, 2017 to reduce retained earnings by $137 million and recast prior period financial statements. See Notes 7 and 15 for more information.

From a lessor perspective, the standard simplifies the accounting for lease modifications and aligns accounting of lease contracts with revenue recognition guidance. We continue to classify leases as sales-type or operating, with the determination affecting both the pattern and classification of income recognition. There were changes in the timing and classification of revenue related to contract modifications. There were also changes related to the definition of a leased asset, which requires us to account for two lease components as a single lease component. Under prior guidance, one of the components was generally accounted for as a sales-type lease and the second as an operating lease. Under ASC 842, the two components are generally accounted for as sales-type leases and certain income and costs previously recognized over the life of the lease are now accelerated.

From a lessee perspective, the standard requires us to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for real estate and equipment operating leases and to provide new disclosures about our leasing activities. We elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and did not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for our lessee portfolio.

Updates to significant accounting policies disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report due to the adoption of ASC 842 are discussed below.

Equipment sales: We sell and lease equipment directly to customers and to distributors (re-sellers) throughout the world. The amount of revenue allocated to the equipment is based on a range of observable selling prices in standalone transactions. Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized as equipment sales revenue when control of the equipment transfers to the customer, which is upon shipment for self-installed products and upon installation or customer acceptance for other products. We do not typically offer any rights of return.

Rentals: Rentals revenue includes revenue from mailing equipment that does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a sales-type lease. We may invoice in advance for rentals according to the terms of the agreement. We initially defer these advanced billings and recognize rentals revenue on a straight-line basis over the rental period. Revenue generated from financing clients for the continued use of equipment subsequent to the expiration of the original lease is recognized as rentals revenue.

Financing: We provide financing for our products primarily through sales-type leases. We also provide revolving lines of credit for the purchase of postage and supplies. We record financing income over the lease term using the effective interest method. Financing revenue also includes amounts related to sales-type leases that customers have extended or renewed for an additional term. Revenue for these contracts is recognized over the term of the modified lease using the effective interest method. We believe that our sales-type lease portfolio contains only normal collection risk.

Equipment residual values are determined at the inception of the lease using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. Fair value estimates are based primarily on historical experience. We also consider forecasted supply and demand for products, product retirement and launch plans, client behavior, regulatory changes, remanufacturing strategies, used equipment markets, competition and technological changes. We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Estimated increases in future residual values are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed.

Support services: Support services revenue includes revenue from equipment service contracts, subscriptions and meter services. Revenue is allocated to these services using selling prices charged in standalone replacement and renewal transactions. Since we have a stand-ready obligation to provide these services over the entire contract term, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Business services: Business services revenue includes revenue from mail processing services and ecommerce solutions. These services represent a series of distinct services that are similar in nature and revenue is recognized as the services are provided. We review third party relationships and record revenue on a gross basis when we act as a principal in a transaction and on a net basis when we act as an agent between a client and vendor. In determining whether we are acting as principal or agent, we consider several factors such as whether we are the primary obligor to the client, have control over pricing or have inventory risk.

On January 1, 2019, we also adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2019, we prospectively adopted ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The early adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU sets forth a current expected credit loss model, which requires companies to measure expected credit losses for all financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonably supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This standard is effective beginning January 1, 2020. We have completed the scoping of financial assets that will be impacted by the standard and are in the process of finalizing models to measure expected credit losses.

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Pensions and Other Benefit Programs (Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Restructuring Charges
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Settlement / Curtailment			$ (1,400)
Discontinued Operations
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Settlement / Curtailment			(1,000)
Defined Benefit Pension Plans | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 20	$ 23	62	$ 69
Interest cost	15,792	15,363	47,378	46,087
Expected return on plan assets	(23,182)	(25,281)	(69,545)	(75,815)
Amortization of transition credit	0	0	0	0
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	(15)	(15)	(45)	(45)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	6,537	7,851	19,610	23,555
Settlement / Curtailment	1,477	796	2,278	796
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	629	(1,263)	(262)	(5,353)
Contributions to benefit plans	3,350	2,479	7,401	5,674
Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Foreign
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	385	567	1,157	1,731
Interest cost	4,435	4,434	13,231	13,721
Expected return on plan assets	(8,340)	(8,730)	(25,609)	(27,045)
Amortization of transition credit	(2)	(2)	(5)	(5)
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	58	(18)	181	(54)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	1,543	1,807	4,727	5,590
Settlement / Curtailment	0	0	397	0
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	(1,921)	(1,942)	(5,921)	(6,062)
Contributions to benefit plans	652	661	9,740	10,640
Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	242	298	725	1,109
Interest cost	1,646	1,676	4,937	4,888
Expected return on plan assets	0	0	0	0
Amortization of transition credit	0	0	0	0
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost	80	112	241	287
Amortization of net actuarial loss	507	338	1,521	2,153
Settlement / Curtailment	0	339	0	339
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	2,475	2,763	7,424	8,776
Contributions to benefit plans	$ 4,628	$ 4,442	$ 13,841	$ 13,552

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Goodwill) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill
Beginning balance	$ 1,332,351	$ 1,332,351
Acquisition/(divestiture)	(10,000)	(5,426)
Currency impact		(9,888)
Ending balance		1,317,037
Commerce Services
Goodwill
Beginning balance	816,896	816,896
Acquisition/(divestiture)		5,064
Currency impact		0
Ending balance		821,960
Commerce Services | Global Ecommerce
Goodwill
Beginning balance	609,431	609,431
Acquisition/(divestiture)		0
Currency impact		0
Ending balance		609,431
Commerce Services | Presort Services
Goodwill
Beginning balance	207,465	207,465
Acquisition/(divestiture)		5,064
Currency impact		0
Ending balance		212,529
SendTech Solutions | SendTech
Goodwill
Beginning balance	$ 515,455	515,455
Acquisition/(divestiture)		(10,490)
Currency impact		(9,888)
Ending balance		$ 495,077

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Sales-type Lease and Loan Receivables) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Sales-type Lease Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$ 158,556
Year ending December 31, 2020	457,393
Year ending December 31, 2021	331,161
Year ending December 31, 2022	206,986
Year ending December 31, 2023	101,827
Thereafter	24,183
Total	1,280,106
Loan Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	273,297
Year ending December 31, 2020	12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,782
Thereafter	3,804
Total	313,263
North America
Sales-type Lease Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	132,964
Year ending December 31, 2020	383,029
Year ending December 31, 2021	276,009
Year ending December 31, 2022	171,049
Year ending December 31, 2023	83,306
Thereafter	18,639
Total	1,064,996
Loan Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	245,197
Year ending December 31, 2020	12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,782
Thereafter	3,804
Total	285,163
International
Sales-type Lease Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	25,592
Year ending December 31, 2020	74,364
Year ending December 31, 2021	55,152
Year ending December 31, 2022	35,937
Year ending December 31, 2023	18,521
Thereafter	5,544
Total	215,110
Loan Receivables
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	28,100
Year ending December 31, 2020	0
Year ending December 31, 2021	0
Year ending December 31, 2022	0
Year ending December 31, 2023	0
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 28,100

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Lease Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Profit recognized at commencement	$ 38,086	$ 38,204	$ 108,743	$ 125,133
Interest income	56,522	60,653	174,045	183,340
Total lease income from sales-type leases	$ 94,608	$ 98,857	$ 282,788	$ 308,473

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Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

Activity in our restructuring reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Severance and benefits costs			Other exit costs			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	13,641		$	1,808		$	15,449
Expenses, net	12,498			845			13,343
Cash payments	(16,362		)	(2,483		)	(18,845		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	9,777		$	170		$	9,947
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	42,151		$	1,569		$	43,720
Expenses, net	13,637			5,134			18,771
Cash payments	(37,492		)	(1,750		)	(39,242		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	18,296		$	4,953		$	23,249

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory Components

Inventories at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	18,683		$	8,229
Supplies and service parts	24,283			21,841
Finished products	37,856			36,692
Inventory at FIFO cost	80,822			66,762
Excess of FIFO cost over LIFO cost	(4,483		)	(4,483		)
Total inventory, net	$	76,339		$	62,279

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Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stockholders Equity

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock		Preference stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	105,341		$	5,282,374		$	(907,678	)	$	(4,750,403	)	$	52,972
Net loss	—		—		—		—			(3,125		)	—			—			(3,125		)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—			—			(18,774		)	—			(18,774		)
Dividends paid ($0.05 per common share)	—		—		—		—			(8,508		)	—			—			(8,508		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—		—		(10,146		)	—			—			11,291			1,145
Conversion to common stock	—		—		—		(246		)	—			—			246			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		6,702			—			—			—			6,702
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—			—			—			(5,000		)	(5,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at July 1, 2018	$	1	$	415		$	323,338	$	122,732		$	5,103,588		$	(811,804	)	$	(4,689,309	)	$	48,961
Net income	—		—			—		—			80,277			—			—			80,277
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—		—			—			5,639			—			5,639
Dividends paid ($0.1875 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(35,183		)	—			—			(35,183		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(11,190		)	—			—			12,909			1,719
Conversion to common stock	—		(12		)	—		(242		)	—			—			254			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		6,618			—			—			—			6,618
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Preferred stock			Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	1		$	396		$	323,338	$	121,475		$	5,279,682		$	(948,961	)	$	(4,674,089	)	$	101,842
Net income	—			—			—		—			17,913			—			—			17,913
Other comprehensive income	—			—			—		—			—			22,509			—			22,509
Dividends paid ($0.15 per common share)	—			—			—		—			(26,854		)	—			—			(26,854		)
Issuance of common stock	—			—			—		(32,877		)	—			—			32,289			(588		)
Conversion to common stock	—			(130		)	—		(2,804		)	—			—			2,934			—
Redemption of preferred/preference stock	(1		)	(266		)	—		(10		)	—			—			—			(277		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—			—		15,867			—			—			—			15,867
Repurchase of common stock	—			—			—		—			—			—			(105,000		)	(105,000		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	—		$	—		$	323,338	$	101,651		$	5,270,741		$	(926,452	)	$	(4,743,866	)	$	25,412

	Preferred stock		Preference stock			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	1	$	441		$	323,338	$	138,367		$	5,074,343		$	(794,940	)	$	(4,710,997	)	$	30,553
Cumulative effect of accounting change	—		—			—		—			(12,207		)	—			—			(12,207		)
Net income	—		—			—		—			191,842			—			—			191,842
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—		—			—			(11,225		)	—			(11,225		)
Dividends paid ($0.5625 per common share)	—		—			—		—			(105,296		)	—			—			(105,296		)
Issuance of common stock	—		—			—		(35,457		)	—			—			34,050			(1,407		)
Conversion to common stock	—		(38		)	—		(763		)	—			—			801			—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		15,771			—			—			—			15,771
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1	$	403		$	323,338	$	117,918		$	5,148,682		$	(806,165	)	$	(4,676,146	)	$	108,031

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis for most U.S. inventories and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis for most non-U.S. inventories. Inventories at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	18,683		$	8,229
Supplies and service parts	24,283			21,841
Finished products	37,856			36,692
Inventory at FIFO cost	80,822			66,762
Excess of FIFO cost over LIFO cost	(4,483		)	(4,483		)
Total inventory, net	$	76,339		$	62,279

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Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments

Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments

Restructuring Charges

Activity in our restructuring reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Severance and benefits costs			Other exit costs			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	13,641		$	1,808		$	15,449
Expenses, net	12,498			845			13,343
Cash payments	(16,362		)	(2,483		)	(18,845		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	9,777		$	170		$	9,947
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	42,151		$	1,569		$	43,720
Expenses, net	13,637			5,134			18,771
Cash payments	(37,492		)	(1,750		)	(39,242		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	18,296		$	4,953		$	23,249

The majority of the remaining restructuring reserves are expected to be paid over the next 12 to 24 months.

Asset Impairments

Asset impairment charges were $42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and primarily include the impairment of capitalized software costs related to the development of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in our international markets.

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Earnings per Share (EPS) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Calculation of Numerator and Denominator in Earnings Per Share

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	5,345		$	47,656	$	32,112		$	132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621		(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income (numerator for diluted EPS)	(3,125		)	80,277		17,913			191,842
Less: Preference stock dividend	—			8		8			24
(Loss) income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic EPS)	$	(3,125	)	$	80,269	$	17,905		$	191,818
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in basic EPS	170,326			187,470		178,048			187,167
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	875			945		1,048			1,023
Weighted-average shares used in diluted EPS	171,201			188,415		179,096			188,190
Basic earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.71
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.70
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per share:	16,182			12,195		16,166			12,097

⁽¹⁾

The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. These may involve litigation by or against us relating to, among other things, contractual rights under vendor, insurance or other contracts; intellectual property or patent rights; equipment, service, payment or other disputes with clients; or disputes with employees. Some of these actions may be brought as a purported class action on behalf of a purported class of employees, customers or others. In management's opinion, the potential liability, if any, that may result from these actions, either individually or collectively, is not reasonably expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows as of September 30, 2019. However, as litigation is inherently unpredictable, there can be no assurances in this regard.

In August 2018, the Company, certain of its directors, officers and several banks who served as underwriters, were named as defendants in City of Livonia Retiree Health and Disability Benefits Plan v. Pitney Bowes Inc. et al., a putative class action lawsuit filed in Connecticut state court. The complaint asserts claims under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on behalf of those who purchased notes issued by the Company in connection with a September 13, 2017 offering, alleging, among other things, that the Company failed to make certain disclosures relating to components of its third quarter 2017 performance at the time of the notes offering. The complaint seeks compensatory damages and other relief. On October 24, 2019, the court granted the defendants' motions to strike the complaint for failure to state a claim.

In addition, in December 2018 and then in February 2019, certain of the Company’s officers and directors were named as defendants in two virtually identical derivative actions purportedly brought on behalf of the Company, Clem v. Lautenbach et al. and Devolin v. Lautenbach et al. These two actions, both filed by the same counsel in Connecticut state court, allege, among other things, breaches of fiduciary duty relating to these same disclosures, and seek compensatory damages and other relief derivatively for the benefit of the Company. Although litigation outcomes are inherently unpredictable, we believe these matters are without merit and intend to defend them vigorously. A reasonable estimate of the amount of any possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time.

Beginning on October 12, 2019, we were affected by a malware attack ("the attack") that encrypted information on some systems and disrupted client access to our services. Upon discovering the unauthorized access, we took immediate actions to contain and remediate the malware attack. We engaged third-party cybersecurity experts and informed various law enforcement agencies. We have identified the malware that affected our systems as the Ryuk virus, which specifically targets Microsoft Windows based operating systems. Our financial information is not stored on a Microsoft Windows operating system, and was therefore not affected. Additionally, the backup data storage systems for virtually all our client, employee and other business data was not impacted by the attack. Based on the work performed to date, we do not believe that any sensitive or confidential client or employee data has been improperly accessed or extracted from our network. We have made substantial progress in bringing critical systems back online, re-enabling client access to our services and restoring access to data that was encrypted. We maintain insurance coverage for these types of incidents and have been working with our carriers throughout the attack. It is not yet possible to reasonably estimate the impact on our financial results or the extent to which we will receive reimbursement from our insurers.

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, Leases (ASC 842), using the modified retrospective transition approach of applying the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We

recognized a cumulative effect adjustment at January 1, 2017 to reduce retained earnings by $137 million and recast prior period financial statements. See Notes 7 and 15 for more information.

From a lessor perspective, the standard simplifies the accounting for lease modifications and aligns accounting of lease contracts with revenue recognition guidance. We continue to classify leases as sales-type or operating, with the determination affecting both the pattern and classification of income recognition. There were changes in the timing and classification of revenue related to contract modifications. There were also changes related to the definition of a leased asset, which requires us to account for two lease components as a single lease component. Under prior guidance, one of the components was generally accounted for as a sales-type lease and the second as an operating lease. Under ASC 842, the two components are generally accounted for as sales-type leases and certain income and costs previously recognized over the life of the lease are now accelerated.

From a lessee perspective, the standard requires us to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for real estate and equipment operating leases and to provide new disclosures about our leasing activities. We elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and did not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for our lessee portfolio.

Updates to significant accounting policies disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report due to the adoption of ASC 842 are discussed below.

Equipment sales: We sell and lease equipment directly to customers and to distributors (re-sellers) throughout the world. The amount of revenue allocated to the equipment is based on a range of observable selling prices in standalone transactions. Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized as equipment sales revenue when control of the equipment transfers to the customer, which is upon shipment for self-installed products and upon installation or customer acceptance for other products. We do not typically offer any rights of return.

Rentals: Rentals revenue includes revenue from mailing equipment that does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a sales-type lease. We may invoice in advance for rentals according to the terms of the agreement. We initially defer these advanced billings and recognize rentals revenue on a straight-line basis over the rental period. Revenue generated from financing clients for the continued use of equipment subsequent to the expiration of the original lease is recognized as rentals revenue.

Financing: We provide financing for our products primarily through sales-type leases. We also provide revolving lines of credit for the purchase of postage and supplies. We record financing income over the lease term using the effective interest method. Financing revenue also includes amounts related to sales-type leases that customers have extended or renewed for an additional term. Revenue for these contracts is recognized over the term of the modified lease using the effective interest method. We believe that our sales-type lease portfolio contains only normal collection risk.

Equipment residual values are determined at the inception of the lease using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. Fair value estimates are based primarily on historical experience. We also consider forecasted supply and demand for products, product retirement and launch plans, client behavior, regulatory changes, remanufacturing strategies, used equipment markets, competition and technological changes. We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Estimated increases in future residual values are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed.

Support services: Support services revenue includes revenue from equipment service contracts, subscriptions and meter services. Revenue is allocated to these services using selling prices charged in standalone replacement and renewal transactions. Since we have a stand-ready obligation to provide these services over the entire contract term, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Business services: Business services revenue includes revenue from mail processing services and ecommerce solutions. These services represent a series of distinct services that are similar in nature and revenue is recognized as the services are provided. We review third party relationships and record revenue on a gross basis when we act as a principal in a transaction and on a net basis when we act as an agent between a client and vendor. In determining whether we are acting as principal or agent, we consider several factors such as whether we are the primary obligor to the client, have control over pricing or have inventory risk.

On January 1, 2019, we also adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2019, we prospectively adopted ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The early adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU sets forth a current expected credit loss model, which requires companies to measure expected credit losses for all financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonably supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This standard is effective beginning January 1, 2020. We have completed the scoping of financial assets that will be impacted by the standard and are in the process of finalizing models to measure expected credit losses.

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Unrealized Holding Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Less than 12 continuous months	$ 35,784	$ 48,318
Greater than 12 continuous months	28,235	177,331
Total	64,019	225,649
Gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 continuous months	360	847
Greater than 12 continuous months	364	4,355
Total	$ 724	$ 5,202

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Fair Value of Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Carrying value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt	$ 3,069,091	$ 3,265,608
Fair value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt	$ 2,953,853	$ 3,003,678

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Revenue (Future Performance Obligations) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Expected timing of satisfaction period	12 months
SendTech Solutions | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Future performance obligations	$ 77,171
Expected timing of satisfaction period	3 months
SendTech Solutions | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Future performance obligations	$ 272,621
Expected timing of satisfaction period	1 year
SendTech Solutions | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Future performance obligations	$ 771,538
Expected timing of satisfaction period	3 years

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($) market	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2017 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Other receivables		$ 102,000		$ 102,000		$ 75,000
Decrease to research and development		(12,272)	$ (15,636)	(38,421)	$ (44,651)
Increase to selling, general and administrative		254,092	241,350	757,228	759,469
Decrease in short-term finance receivables		(617,178)		(617,178)		(653,236)
Decrease in advance billings		(106,968)		(106,968)		(116,862)
Increase in long-term finance receivables		616,746		616,746		635,908
Retained earnings		(5,270,741)		(5,270,741)		(5,279,682)
ASU 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Retained earnings							$ 137,000
Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Decrease to research and development			8,000		20,000
Increase to selling, general and administrative			9,000		22,000
Decrease in short-term finance receivables						106,000
Decrease in advance billings						6,000
Increase in long-term finance receivables						$ 100,000
Business services
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales		338,519	287,237	1,003,483	872,183
Business services | Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales			(4,000)		(10,000)
Equipment sales
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales		59,859	52,209	182,094	173,626
Equipment sales | Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales			3,000		8,000
Equipment sales | Income Statement Adjustment | Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales			(1,000)		(4,000)
Rentals
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales		5,090	9,174	23,223	30,386
Rentals | Income Statement Adjustment | Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales					(3,000)
Support services
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales		41,086	45,872	123,453	134,204
Support services | Income Statement Adjustment | Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) to cost of products and sales			2,000		7,000
Disposed of by Sale
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Number of smaller markets sold | market	6
Loss on sale	$ (18,000)	$ 18,157	$ (86,640)	$ 29,178	$ (77,863)

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Earnings per Share (EPS) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Income from continuing operations		$ 5,345	$ 47,656	$ 32,112	$ 132,553
Numerator:
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax		(8,470)	32,621	(14,199)	59,289
Net (loss) income		(3,125)	80,277	17,913	191,842
Less: Preference stock dividend		0	8	8	24
(Loss) income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic EPS)		$ (3,125)	$ 80,269	$ 17,905	$ 191,818
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in basic EPS (in shares)		170,326	187,470	178,048	187,167
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents (in shares)		875	945	1,048	1,023
Weighted-average shares used in diluted EPS (in shares)		171,201	188,415	179,096	188,190
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.03	$ 0.25	$ 0.18	$ 0.71
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.05)	0.17	(0.08)	0.32
Net (loss) income (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.02)	0.43	0.10	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	0.03	0.25	0.18	0.70
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	[1]	(0.05)	0.17	(0.08)	0.32
Net (loss) income (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ (0.02)	$ 0.43	$ 0.10	$ 1.02
Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per share (in shares)		16,182	12,195	16,166	12,097

[1] The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 127.3% and (5.5)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 includes a benefit of $23 million from the release of a foreign valuation allowance. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes a benefit from the resolution of certain tax examinations of $7 million and a benefit of $8 million related to the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and revisions of the U.S. tax on unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was (71.2)% and 11.5%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes a benefit of $23 million from the release of a foreign valuation allowance as well as a $2 million tax on the $18 million book loss from Market Exits, primarily due to nondeductible basis differences. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 includes a benefit of $6 million and $13 million, respectively, from the resolution of certain tax examinations. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 also includes a benefit of

$17 million related to the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and revisions of the U.S. tax on unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.

As is the case with other large corporations, our tax returns are examined by tax authorities in the U.S. and other global taxing jurisdictions in which we have operations. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next 12 months, and this decrease could be up to 30% of our unrecognized tax benefits.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examinations of our consolidated U.S. income tax returns for tax years prior to 2017 are closed to audit; however, various post-2011 U.S. state and local tax returns are still subject to examination. In Canada, the examination of our tax filings prior to 2015 are closed to audit. Other significant jurisdictions include France (closed through 2014), Germany (closed through 2016) and the U.K. (except for an item under appeal, closed through 2016). We also have other less significant tax filings currently subject to examination.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Reclassifications out of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Amount Reclassified from AOCI (1)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
(Losses) gains on cash flow hedges
Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)	$	(23	)	$	38
Cost of sales	54			52			99			(33		)
Interest expense, net	—			(825		)	—			(1,839		)
Total before tax	(44		)	(811		)	76			(1,834		)
Income tax benefit (provision)	11			206			(19		)	468
Net of tax	$	(33	)	$	(605	)	$	57		$	(1,366	)
Gains (losses) on available for sale securities
Interest expense, net	$	146		$	(40	)	$	42		$	150
Income tax (provision) benefit	(37		)	10			(11		)	(38		)
Net of tax	$	109		$	(30	)	$	31		$	112
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (2)
Transition credit	$	2		$	2		$	5		$	5
Prior service costs	(123		)	(79		)	(377		)	(188		)
Actuarial losses	(8,587		)	(9,996		)	(25,858		)	(31,298		)
Settlements	(1,477		)	(1,135		)	(2,675		)	(1,135		)
Total before tax	(10,185		)	(11,208		)	(28,905		)	(32,616		)
Income tax benefit	2,633			2,399			7,406			7,766
Net of tax	$	(7,552	)	$	(8,809	)	$	(21,499	)	$	(24,850	)

⁽¹⁾   Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to income and increases to other comprehensive income.

⁽²⁾   Reclassified from AOCI into other components of net pension and postretirement cost (see Note 12 for additional details).

Changes in AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	191		$	(3,061	)	$	(846,461	)	$	(99,630	)	$	(948,961	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (1)	135			7,547			—			(6,584		)	1,098
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	(57		)	(31		)	21,499			—			21,411
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	78			7,516			21,499			(6,584		)	22,509
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	269		$	4,455		$	(824,962	)	$	(106,214	)	$	(926,452	)

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(406	)	$	1,597		$	(748,800	)	$	(47,331	)	$	(794,940	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (1)	(593		)	(6,402		)	—			(30,334		)	(37,329		)
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	1,366			(112		)	24,850			—			26,104
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	773			(6,514		)	24,850			(30,334		)	(11,225		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	367		$	(4,917	)	$	(723,950	)	$	(77,665	)	$	(806,165	)

⁽¹⁾     Amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI.

⁽²⁾     See table above for additional details of these reclassifications.

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Discontinued Operations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial information and Assets and Liabilities

Selected financial information of discontinued operations is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019									Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail			Total
Revenue	$	73,620		$	—		$	73,620		$	75,743	$	19,557		$	95,300
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	8,633		$	—		$	8,633		$	4,533	$	(1,316	)	$	3,217
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(12,447		)	(5,710		)	(18,157		)	—		86,640			86,640
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(3,814	)	$	(5,710	)	(9,524		)	$	4,533	$	85,324		89,857
Tax (benefit) provision							(1,054		)						57,236
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(8,470	)						$	32,621

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Software Solutions			Production Mail			Total			Software Solutions		Production Mail		Total
Revenue	$	219,144		$	—		$	219,144		$	243,738	$	211,000	$	454,738
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	13,334		$	(663	)	$	12,671		$	28,497	$	20,304	$	48,801
(Loss) gain on sale (including transaction costs)	(14,211		)	(14,967		)	(29,178		)	—		77,863		77,863
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before taxes	$	(877	)	$	(15,630	)	(16,507		)	$	28,497	$	98,167	126,664
Tax (benefit) provision							(2,308		)					67,375
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax							$	(14,199	)					$	59,289

The major categories of assets and liabilities included in assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations are as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	1,965
Accounts and other receivables, net	55,077		85,399
Inventories	—		855
Other current assets and prepayments	29,801		26,121
Property, plant and equipment, net	11,495		12,140
Rental property and equipment, net	—		179
Goodwill	430,995		434,160
Intangible assets	10,379		13,937
Operating lease asset	3,587		4,234
Other assets	27,079		23,833
Assets of discontinued operations	$	568,413	$	602,823
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	38,163	$	42,896
Current operating lease liabilities	1,441		2,000
Advance billings	98,699		113,110
Other current liabilities	—		2,021
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,823		1,943
Other noncurrent liabilities	16,908		12,828
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$	157,034	$	174,798

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Available-for-sale Securities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total	$ 235,256	$ 270,313
Gross unrealized gains	5,122	218
Gross unrealized losses	(724)	(5,202)
Estimated fair value	239,654	265,329
Government and related securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total	88,050	109,776
Gross unrealized gains	1,946	47
Gross unrealized losses	(47)	(1,336)
Estimated fair value	89,949	108,487
Corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total	71,763	58,714
Gross unrealized gains	1,907	4
Gross unrealized losses	(338)	(1,780)
Estimated fair value	73,332	56,938
Commingled fixed income securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total	1,666	1,637
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(11)	(67)
Estimated fair value	1,655	1,570
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total	73,777	100,186
Gross unrealized gains	1,269	167
Gross unrealized losses	(328)	(2,019)
Estimated fair value	$ 74,718	$ 98,334

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Foreign Exchange Contracts) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)	$ 156	$ (866)	$ 181	$ (1,665)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)	(44)	14	76	5
Revenue
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)	(98)	(38)	(23)	38
Cost of sales
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)	54	52	99	(33)
Interest Expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)	0	0	0	0
Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)	156	(42)	181	111
Foreign exchange contracts | Selling, general and administrative expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	(11,385)	(1,948)	(6,181)	(20,344)
Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)	$ 0	$ (824)	$ 0	$ (1,776)

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 18,683	$ 8,229
Supplies and service parts	24,283	21,841
Finished products	37,856	36,692
Inventory at FIFO cost	80,822	66,762
Excess of FIFO cost over LIFO cost	(4,483)	(4,483)
Total inventory, net	$ 76,339	$ 62,279

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Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
Revenue	$ 790,125	$ 760,281	$ 2,373,782	$ 2,354,108
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017)	(6,099)	(56,616)	(18,771)
Interest, net	(28,704)	(26,588)	(84,325)	(89,377)
Other expense	(667)	(7,964)	(18,350)	(7,964)
Provision for income taxes	24,895	2,468	13,351	(17,235)
Income from continuing operations	5,345	47,656	32,112	132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470)	32,621	(14,199)	59,289
Net (loss) income	(3,125)	80,277	17,913	191,842
Operating Segments
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
EBIT	126,848	137,712	374,341	441,419
Segment Reconciling Items
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT to net income:
Unallocated corporate expenses	(58,277)	(40,988)	(160,283)	(141,321)
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net	(47,017)	(6,099)	(56,616)	(18,771)
Interest, net	(39,730)	(37,437)	(117,758)	(122,484)
Other expense	(667)	(7,964)	(18,350)	(7,964)
Transaction costs	(707)	(36)	(2,573)	(1,091)
Commerce Services
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
Revenue from contracts with customers	410,478	358,179	1,222,036	1,101,057
Commerce Services | Operating Segments
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
EBIT	(4,106)	3,105	(3,754)	28,992
Commerce Services | Global Ecommerce
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
Revenue from contracts with customers	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
EBIT	(21,793)	(14,330)	(51,969)	(28,034)
Commerce Services | Presort Services
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
Revenue from contracts with customers	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
EBIT	17,687	17,435	48,215	57,026
SendTech Solutions
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
Revenue from contracts with customers	379,647	402,102	1,151,746	1,253,051
SendTech Solutions | Operating Segments
Segment reporting information profit (loss)
EBIT	$ 130,954	$ 134,607	$ 378,095	$ 412,427

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Revenue (Disaggregates of Revenue) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	$ 790,125	$ 760,281	$ 2,373,782	$ 2,354,108
Total consolidated revenue	790,125	760,281	2,373,782	2,354,108
ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	609,255	573,679	1,828,187	1,769,143
Products/services transferred at a point in time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	63,880	70,831	202,000	230,335
Products/services transferred over time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	545,375	502,848	1,626,187	1,538,808
Sales And Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	609,255	573,679	1,828,187	1,769,143
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	180,870	186,602	545,595	584,965
Total consolidated revenue	790,125	760,281	2,373,782	2,354,108
Equipment sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	19,062	20,428	59,739	64,482
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	70,556	68,371	205,217	224,836
Total consolidated revenue	89,618	88,799	264,956	289,318
Supplies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	44,818	50,403	142,261	165,853
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Total consolidated revenue	44,818	50,403	142,261	165,853
Rentals
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	19,737	21,432	60,339	65,852
Total consolidated revenue	19,737	21,432	60,339	65,852
Financing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	90,577	96,799	280,039	294,277
Total consolidated revenue	90,577	96,799	280,039	294,277
Support services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	126,274	138,055	382,578	417,303
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Total consolidated revenue	126,274	138,055	382,578	417,303
Business services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	419,101	364,793	1,243,609	1,121,505
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Total consolidated revenue	419,101	364,793	1,243,609	1,121,505
Global Ecommerce
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
Global Ecommerce | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
Global Ecommerce | Products/services transferred at a point in time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Products/services transferred over time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
Global Ecommerce | Sales And Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
Global Ecommerce | Equipment sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Supplies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Rentals
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Financing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Support services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Global Ecommerce | Business services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	278,995	232,845	827,568	718,535
Presort Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
Presort Services | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
Presort Services | Products/services transferred at a point in time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Products/services transferred over time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
Presort Services | Sales And Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
Presort Services | Equipment sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Supplies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Rentals
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Financing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Support services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Presort Services | Business services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	131,483	125,334	394,468	382,522
SendTech Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	379,647	402,102	1,151,746	1,253,051
SendTech Solutions | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	198,777	215,500	606,151	668,086
SendTech Solutions | Products/services transferred at a point in time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	63,880	70,831	202,000	230,335
SendTech Solutions | Products/services transferred over time | ASC 606
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	134,897	144,669	404,151	437,751
SendTech Solutions | Sales And Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	198,777	215,500	606,151	668,086
SendTech Solutions | Equipment sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	19,062	20,428	59,739	64,482
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	70,556	68,371	205,217	224,836
SendTech Solutions | Supplies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	44,818	50,403	142,261	165,853
SendTech Solutions | Rentals
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	19,737	21,432	60,339	65,852
SendTech Solutions | Financing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	0	0	0	0
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing	90,577	96,799	280,039	294,277
SendTech Solutions | Support services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	126,274	138,055	382,578	417,303
SendTech Solutions | Business services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from products and services	$ 8,623	$ 6,614	$ 21,573	$ 20,448

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Leased Assets and Liabilities (Weighted-Average) (Details)	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7 years 6 months	7 years 2 months 12 days
Finance leases	4 years	4 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.90%	4.50%
Finance leases	6.70%	6.20%

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rate (percent)	127.30%	(5.50%)	(71.20%)	11.50%
Valuation allowance released	$ 23,000		$ 23,000
Tax benefit from resolution of settlement		$ 7,000	6,000	$ 13,000
Re-measurement of deferred tax asset		$ 8,000		17,000
Tax from Market Exits			2,000
Loss on disposition of businesses			$ 17,683	$ 0
Percent decrease in unrecognized benefits, reasonably possible (up to)	30.00%		30.00%

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source and timing of recognition:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	19,062	$	19,062	$	70,556	$	89,618
Supplies	—		—		44,818		44,818		—		44,818
Rentals	—		—		—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		—		—		90,577		90,577
Support services	—		—		126,274		126,274		—		126,274
Business services	278,995		131,483		8,623		419,101		—		419,101
Subtotal	278,995		131,483		198,777		609,255		$	180,870	$	790,125
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		70,556		70,556
Rentals	—		—		19,737		19,737
Financing	—		—		90,577		90,577
Total revenue	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	379,647	$	790,125
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	63,880	$	63,880
Products/services transferred over time	278,995		131,483		134,897		545,375
Total	$	278,995	$	131,483	$	198,777	$	609,255

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	20,428	$	20,428	$	68,371	$	88,799
Supplies	—		—		50,403		50,403		—		50,403
Rentals	—		—		—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		—		—		96,799		96,799
Support services	—		—		138,055		138,055		—		138,055
Business services	232,845		125,334		6,614		364,793		—		364,793
Subtotal	232,845		125,334		215,500		573,679		$	186,602	$	760,281
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		68,371		68,371
Rentals	—		—		21,432		21,432
Financing	—		—		96,799		96,799
Total revenue	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	402,102	$	760,281
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	70,831	$	70,831
Products/services transferred over time	232,845		125,334		144,669		502,848
Total	$	232,845	$	125,334	$	215,500	$	573,679

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	59,739	$	59,739	$	205,217	$	264,956
Supplies	—		—		142,261		142,261		—		142,261
Rentals	—		—		—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		—		—		280,039		280,039
Support services	—		—		382,578		382,578		—		382,578
Business services	827,568		394,468		21,573		1,243,609		—		1,243,609
Subtotal	827,568		394,468		606,151		1,828,187		$	545,595	$	2,373,782
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		205,217		205,217
Rentals	—		—		60,339		60,339
Financing	—		—		280,039		280,039
Total revenue	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	1,151,746	$	2,373,782
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	202,000	$	202,000
Products/services transferred over time	827,568		394,468		404,151		1,626,187
Total	$	827,568	$	394,468	$	606,151	$	1,828,187

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Global Ecommerce		Presort Services		SendTech Solutions		Revenue from products and services		Revenue from leasing transactions and financing		Total consolidated revenue
Major products/service lines
Equipment sales	$	—	$	—	$	64,482	$	64,482	$	224,836	$	289,318
Supplies	—		—		165,853		165,853		—		165,853
Rentals	—		—		—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		—		—		294,277		294,277
Support services	—		—		417,303		417,303		—		417,303
Business services	718,535		382,522		20,448		1,121,505		—		1,121,505
Subtotal	718,535		382,522		668,086		1,769,143		$	584,965	$	2,354,108
Revenue from leasing transactions and financing
Equipment sales	—		—		224,836		224,836
Rentals	—		—		65,852		65,852
Financing	—		—		294,277		294,277
Total revenue	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	1,253,051	$	2,354,108
Timing of revenue recognition from products and services
Products/services transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—	$	230,335	$	230,335
Products/services transferred over time	718,535		382,522		437,751		1,538,808
Total	$	718,535	$	382,522	$	668,086	$	1,769,143

Our performance obligations are as follows:

Equipment sales and supplies: Performance obligations generally include the sale of mailing equipment, excluding sales-type leases, and supplies. We recognize revenue upon delivery for self-install equipment and supplies and upon acceptance or installation for other equipment. We provide a warranty that our equipment is free of defects and meets stated specifications. The warranty is not considered a separate performance obligation.

Support services: Performance obligations include providing maintenance, professional services, and subscription and meter services for our mailing equipment. Contract terms range from one year to five years, depending on the term of the lease contract for the related equipment. Revenue for maintenance, subscription and meter services is recognized ratably over the contract period and revenue for professional services is recognized when services are provided.

Business services: Performance obligations include providing mail processing services and ecommerce solutions. Revenue is recognized over time as the services are provided. The contract terms for these services vary, with the initial contracts in the range of one to five years, followed by annual renewal periods.

Revenue from leasing transactions and financing includes revenue from equipment accounted for as sales-type leases and operating leases, finance income and late fees.

Advance Billings from Contracts with Customers

	Balance sheet location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		Increase (decrease)
Advance billings, current	Advance billings	$	97,666	$	111,829	$	(14,163	)
Advance billings, noncurrent	Other noncurrent liabilities	$	1,413	$	1,985	$	(572	)

Advance billings are recorded when cash payments are due in advance of our performance. Items in advance billings primarily relate to support services on equipment and subscription services. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term.

The net decrease in advance billings at September 30, 2019 is due to revenue recognized during the period in excess of advance billings. Revenue recognized during the period includes $114 million of advance billings at the beginning of the period, partially offset by advance billings in the quarter.

Future Performance Obligations

Future performance obligations include revenue streams bundled with our leasing contracts, primarily maintenance, meter services and other subscription services. The transaction prices allocated to future performance obligations will be recognized as follows:

	Remainder of 2019		2020		2021-2024		Total
SendTech Solutions	$	77,171	$	272,621	$	421,746	$	771,538

The table above does not include revenue related to performance obligations for contracts with terms less than 12 months and expected consideration for those performance obligations where revenue is recognized based on the amount billable to the customer.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Cover page.
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-03579
Entity Registrant Name	PITNEY BOWES INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	06-0495050
Entity Address, Address Line One	3001 Summer Street,
Entity Address, City or Town	Stamford,
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06926
City Area Code	(203)
Local Phone Number	356-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1 par value per share
Trading Symbol	PBI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		170,848,234
Entity Central Index Key	0000078814
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 514,851	$ 867,262
Short-term investments	137,032	59,391
Accounts and other receivables (net of allowance of $20,971 and $17,443, respectively)	365,522	371,797
Short-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $12,819 and $12,418, respectively)	617,178	653,236
Inventories	76,339	62,279
Current income taxes	25,598	5,947
Other current assets and prepayments	101,829	74,782
Assets of discontinued operations	568,413	602,823
Total current assets	2,406,762	2,697,517
Property, plant and equipment, net	371,666	398,501
Rental property and equipment, net	39,400	46,228
Long-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $7,305 and $7,804 respectively)	616,746	635,908
Goodwill	1,317,037	1,332,351
Intangible assets, net	199,715	213,200
Operating lease assets	172,617	152,554
Noncurrent income taxes	80,561	65,001
Other assets	392,720	397,159
Total assets	5,597,224	5,938,419
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,337,214	1,348,127
Current operating lease liabilities	34,091	35,208
Current portion of long-term debt	501,728	199,535
Advance billings	106,968	116,862
Current income taxes	8,525	15,284
Liabilities of discontinued operations	157,034	174,798
Total current liabilities	2,145,560	1,889,814
Long-term debt	2,567,363	3,066,073
Deferred taxes on income	253,151	253,560
Tax uncertainties and other income tax liabilities	45,179	39,548
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	148,125	125,294
Other noncurrent liabilities	412,434	462,288
Total liabilities	5,571,812	5,836,577
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 14)
Stockholders’ equity:
Cumulative preferred stock, $50 par value, 4% convertible	0	1
Cumulative preference stock, no par value, $2.12 convertible	0	396
Common stock, $1 par value (480,000,000 shares authorized; 323,337,912 shares issued)	323,338	323,338
Additional paid-in capital	101,651	121,475
Retained earnings	5,270,741	5,279,682
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(926,452)	(948,961)
Treasury stock, at cost (153,182,446 and 135,662,830 shares, respectively)	(4,743,866)	(4,674,089)
Total stockholders’ equity	25,412	101,842
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 5,597,224	$ 5,938,419

XML

Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Finance Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	$ 313,263
Net investment in receivables	1,233,924	$ 1,289,144
North America
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	285,163
Net investment in receivables	1,045,507	1,063,372
International
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	28,100
Net investment in receivables	188,417	225,772
Sales-type lease receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	1,280,106	1,352,934
Unguaranteed residual values	54,885	65,409
Unearned income	(394,206)	(438,566)
Allowance for credit losses	(13,389)	(12,608)
Net investment in receivables	927,396	967,169
Sales-type lease receivables | North America
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	1,064,996	1,110,898
Unguaranteed residual values	43,621	52,637
Unearned income	(331,085)	(383,453)
Allowance for credit losses	(11,172)	(10,252)
Net investment in receivables	766,360	769,830
Sales-type lease receivables | International
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	215,110	242,036
Unguaranteed residual values	11,264	12,772
Unearned income	(63,121)	(55,113)
Allowance for credit losses	(2,217)	(2,356)
Net investment in receivables	161,036	197,339
Loan receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	313,263	329,589
Allowance for credit losses	(6,735)	(7,614)
Net investment in receivables	306,528	321,975
Loan receivables | North America
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	285,163	300,319
Allowance for credit losses	(6,016)	(6,777)
Net investment in receivables	279,147	293,542
Loan receivables | International
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	28,100	29,270
Allowance for credit losses	(719)	(837)
Net investment in receivables	$ 27,381	$ 28,433
Minimum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Lease period	3 years
Maximum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Lease period	5 years

XML

Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Credit Quality) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	$ 313,263
Low
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Approximate percentage of portfolio	30.00%
Medium
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Approximate percentage of portfolio	40.00%
High
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Approximate percentage of portfolio	30.00%
North America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	$ 285,163
Sales-type lease receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	1,280,106	$ 1,352,934
Sales-type lease receivables | North America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	1,064,996	1,110,898
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | Low
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	853,156	922,414
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | Medium
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	160,969	131,650
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | High
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	22,315	22,110
Sales-type lease receivables | North America | Not Scored
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	28,556	34,724
Loan receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	313,263	329,589
Loan receivables | North America
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	285,163	300,319
Loan receivables | North America | Low
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	215,319	238,620
Loan receivables | North America | Medium
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	53,176	43,952
Loan receivables | North America | High
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	5,379	5,947
Loan receivables | North America | Not Scored
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross finance receivables	$ 11,289	$ 11,800

XML

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Future Amortization Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite lived intangible assets future amortization expense
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$ 9,171
Year ending December 31, 2020	33,368
Year ending December 31, 2021	29,972
Year ending December 31, 2022	29,026
Year ending December 31, 2023	26,188
Thereafter	71,990
Net Carrying Amount	$ 199,715	$ 213,200

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Reclassifications out of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Amount Reclassified from AOCI (1)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
(Losses) gains on cash flow hedges
Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)	$	(23	)	$	38
Cost of sales	54			52			99			(33		)
Interest expense, net	—			(825		)	—			(1,839		)
Total before tax	(44		)	(811		)	76			(1,834		)
Income tax benefit (provision)	11			206			(19		)	468
Net of tax	$	(33	)	$	(605	)	$	57		$	(1,366	)
Gains (losses) on available for sale securities
Interest expense, net	$	146		$	(40	)	$	42		$	150
Income tax (provision) benefit	(37		)	10			(11		)	(38		)
Net of tax	$	109		$	(30	)	$	31		$	112
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (2)
Transition credit	$	2		$	2		$	5		$	5
Prior service costs	(123		)	(79		)	(377		)	(188		)
Actuarial losses	(8,587		)	(9,996		)	(25,858		)	(31,298		)
Settlements	(1,477		)	(1,135		)	(2,675		)	(1,135		)
Total before tax	(10,185		)	(11,208		)	(28,905		)	(32,616		)
Income tax benefit	2,633			2,399			7,406			7,766
Net of tax	$	(7,552	)	$	(8,809	)	$	(21,499	)	$	(24,850	)

⁽¹⁾   Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to income and increases to other comprehensive income.

⁽²⁾  

Reclassified from AOCI into other components of net pension and postretirement cost (see Note 12 for additional details).

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	191		$	(3,061	)	$	(846,461	)	$	(99,630	)	$	(948,961	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (1)	135			7,547			—			(6,584		)	1,098
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	(57		)	(31		)	21,499			—			21,411
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	78			7,516			21,499			(6,584		)	22,509
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	269		$	4,455		$	(824,962	)	$	(106,214	)	$	(926,452	)

	Cash flow hedges			Available for sale securities			Pension and postretirement benefit plans			Foreign currency adjustments			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(406	)	$	1,597		$	(748,800	)	$	(47,331	)	$	(794,940	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (1)	(593		)	(6,402		)	—			(30,334		)	(37,329		)
Reclassifications into earnings (1), (2)	1,366			(112		)	24,850			—			26,104
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	773			(6,514		)	24,850			(30,334		)	(11,225		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	367		$	(4,917	)	$	(723,950	)	$	(77,665	)	$	(806,165	)

⁽¹⁾     Amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI.

⁽²⁾     See table above for additional details of these reclassifications.

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

Total debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	Interest rate	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Notes due September 2020	4.125%	$	300,000	$	300,000
Notes due October 2021	3.875%	600,000		600,000
Notes due May 2022	4.625%	400,000		400,000
Notes due April 2023	4.95%	400,000		400,000
Notes due March 2024	4.625%	500,000		500,000
Notes due January 2037	5.25%	35,841		35,841
Notes due March 2043	6.7%	425,000		425,000
Term loans	Variable	427,500		630,000
Other debt		5,158		5,297
Principal amount		3,093,499		3,296,138
Less: unamortized costs, net		24,408		30,530
Total debt		3,069,091		3,265,608
Less: current portion long-term debt		501,728		199,535
Long-term debt		$	2,567,363	$	3,066,073

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Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Financing Receivables

Finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019									December 31, 2018
	North America			International			Total			North America			International			Total
Sales-type lease receivables
Gross finance receivables	$	1,064,996		$	215,110		$	1,280,106		$	1,110,898		$	242,036		$	1,352,934
Unguaranteed residual values	43,621			11,264			54,885			52,637			12,772			65,409
Unearned income	(331,085		)	(63,121		)	(394,206		)	(383,453		)	(55,113		)	(438,566		)
Allowance for credit losses	(11,172		)	(2,217		)	(13,389		)	(10,252		)	(2,356		)	(12,608		)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables	766,360			161,036			927,396			769,830			197,339			967,169
Loan receivables
Loan receivables	285,163			28,100			313,263			300,319			29,270			329,589
Allowance for credit losses	(6,016		)	(719		)	(6,735		)	(6,777		)	(837		)	(7,614		)
Net investment in loan receivables	279,147			27,381			306,528			293,542			28,433			321,975
Net investment in finance receivables	$	1,045,507		$	188,417		$	1,233,924		$	1,063,372		$	225,772		$	1,289,144

Sales-type Lease Maturity

Maturities of gross loan receivables and gross sales-type lease receivables at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	132,964	$	25,592	$	158,556	$	245,197	$	28,100	$	273,297
Year ending December 31, 2020	383,029		74,364		457,393		12,927		—		12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	276,009		55,152		331,161		10,463		—		10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	171,049		35,937		206,986		8,990		—		8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	83,306		18,521		101,827		3,782		—		3,782
Thereafter	18,639		5,544		24,183		3,804		—		3,804
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	1,280,106	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	313,263

Loan Receivable Maturity

Maturities of gross loan receivables and gross sales-type lease receivables at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America		International		Total		North America		International		Total
Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	132,964	$	25,592	$	158,556	$	245,197	$	28,100	$	273,297
Year ending December 31, 2020	383,029		74,364		457,393		12,927		—		12,927
Year ending December 31, 2021	276,009		55,152		331,161		10,463		—		10,463
Year ending December 31, 2022	171,049		35,937		206,986		8,990		—		8,990
Year ending December 31, 2023	83,306		18,521		101,827		3,782		—		3,782
Thereafter	18,639		5,544		24,183		3,804		—		3,804
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	1,280,106	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	313,263

Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	10,252		$	2,356		$	6,777		$	837		$	20,222
Amounts charged to expense	4,587			801			3,547			440			9,375
Write-offs and other	(3,667		)	(940		)	(4,308		)	(558		)	(9,473		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	11,172		$	2,217		$	6,016		$	719		$	20,124
	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	7,721		$	2,794		$	7,098		$	1,020		$	18,633
Amounts charged to expense	7,037			829			4,896			331			13,093
Write-offs and other	(3,979		)	(1,359		)	(5,282		)	(466		)	(11,086		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	10,779		$	2,264		$	6,712		$	885		$	20,640

Past Due Financing Receivables

The aging of gross finance receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,032,400	$	211,442	$	280,114	$	27,722	$	1,551,678
> 90 days	32,596		3,668		5,049		378		41,691
Total	$	1,064,996	$	215,110	$	285,163	$	28,100	$	1,593,369
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	4,751	$	1,074	$	1,797	$	53	$	7,675
Not accruing interest	27,845		2,594		3,252		325		34,016
Total	$	32,596	$	3,668	$	5,049	$	378	$	41,691

	December 31, 2018
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	1,069,290	$	238,114	$	294,126	$	29,079	$	1,630,609
> 90 days	41,608		3,922		6,193		191		51,914
Total	$	1,110,898	$	242,036	$	300,319	$	29,270	$	1,682,523
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	7,917	$	1,111	$	1,769	$	72	$	10,869
Not accruing interest	33,691		2,811		4,424		119		41,045
Total	$	41,608	$	3,922	$	6,193	$	191	$	51,914

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Sales-type lease receivables
Low	$	853,156	$	922,414
Medium	160,969		131,650
High	22,315		22,110
Not Scored	28,556		34,724
Total	$	1,064,996	$	1,110,898
Loan receivables
Low	$	215,319	$	238,620
Medium	53,176		43,952
High	5,379		5,947
Not Scored	11,289		11,800
Total	$	285,163	$	300,319

Sales-type Lease, Lease Income

Lease income from sales-type leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit recognized at commencement (1)	$	38,086	$	38,204	$	108,743	$	125,133
Interest income	56,522		60,653		174,045		183,340
Total lease income from sales-type leases	$	94,608	$	98,857	$	282,788	$	308,473

⁽¹⁾ Lease contracts do not include variable lease payments.

Lessor, Payments to be Received

We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms of one to five years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:

Remaining for year ending December 31, 2019	$	9,092
Year ending December 31, 2020	30,986
Year ending December 31, 2021	15,600
Year ending December 31, 2022	6,886
Year ending December 31, 2023	3,154
Thereafter	412
Total	$	66,130

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Earnings per Share (EPS)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share (EPS)

Earnings per Share (EPS)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	5,345		$	47,656	$	32,112		$	132,553
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(8,470		)	32,621		(14,199		)	59,289
Net (loss) income (numerator for diluted EPS)	(3,125		)	80,277		17,913			191,842
Less: Preference stock dividend	—			8		8			24
(Loss) income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic EPS)	$	(3,125	)	$	80,269	$	17,905		$	191,818
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in basic EPS	170,326			187,470		178,048			187,167
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	875			945		1,048			1,023
Weighted-average shares used in diluted EPS	171,201			188,415		179,096			188,190
Basic earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.71
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (1):
Continuing operations	$	0.03		$	0.25	$	0.18		$	0.70
Discontinued operations	(0.05		)	0.17		(0.08		)	0.32
Net (loss) income	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	0.10		$	1.02
Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per share:	16,182			12,195		16,166			12,097

⁽¹⁾

The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. An entity is required to classify certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the following fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, may be derived from internally developed methodologies based on management’s best estimate of fair value and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	157,114	$	260,383		$	—	$	417,497
Equity securities	—		21,814			—		21,814
Commingled fixed income securities	1,655		20,819			—		22,474
Government and related securities	71,908		18,079			—		89,987
Corporate debt securities	—		73,332			—		73,332
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		74,718			—		74,718
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		729			—		729
Total assets	$	230,677	$	469,874		$	—	$	700,551
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(5,454	)	$	—	$	(5,454	)

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities
Money market funds / certificates of deposit	$	220,756	$	391,891		$	—	$	612,647
Equity securities	—		19,133			—		19,133
Commingled fixed income securities	1,570		20,141			—		21,711
Government and related securities	98,790		9,787			—		108,577
Corporate debt securities	—		56,938			—		56,938
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	—		98,334			—		98,334
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	—		2,031			—		2,031
Total assets	$	321,116	$	598,255		$	—	$	919,371
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(735	)	$	—	$	(735	)

Investment Securities

The valuation of investment securities is based on the market approach using inputs that are observable, or can be corroborated by observable data, in an active marketplace. The following information relates to our classification into the fair value hierarchy:

• Money Market Funds / Certificates of Deposit: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange. Certificates of deposit typically invest with financial institutions and have specific maturity dates and a fixed rate of return, and are classified as Level 2. Direct investments in commercial paper, classified as Level 2, comprised 3% of the December 2018 balance.

• Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of mutual funds investing in U.S. and foreign stocks. These mutual funds are classified as Level 2.

• Commingled Fixed Income Securities: Commingled fixed income securities are comprised of mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities, including securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Fair value is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These mutual funds are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

• Government and Related Securities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 where active, high volume trades for identical securities exist. Valuation adjustments are not applied to these securities. Debt securities are classified as Level 2 where fair value is determined using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities.

• Corporate Debt Securities: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed comparable transactions, market price quotations or bond spreads for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2.

• Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or external price/spread data. These securities are classified as Level 2.

Available-For-Sale Securities

Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Available-for-sale investment securities are predominantly held at the Pitney Bowes Bank, whose primary business is to provide financing solutions to clients that rent postage meters and purchase supplies.

Available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	88,050	$	1,946	$	(47	)	$	89,949
Corporate debt securities	71,763		1,907		(338		)	73,332
Commingled fixed income securities	1,666		—		(11		)	1,655
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	73,777		1,269		(328		)	74,718
Total	$	235,256	$	5,122	$	(724	)	$	239,654

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
Government and related securities	$	109,776	$	47	$	(1,336	)	$	108,487
Corporate debt securities	58,714		4		(1,780		)	56,938
Commingled fixed income securities	1,637		—		(67		)	1,570
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities	100,186		167		(2,019		)	98,334
Total	$	270,313	$	218	$	(5,202	)	$	265,329

The aggregate unrealized holding losses of investment securities in a loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair Value		Gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 continuous months	$	35,784	$	360	$	48,318	$	847
Greater than 12 continuous months	28,235		364		177,331		4,355
Total	$	64,019	$	724	$	225,649	$	5,202

We have not recognized an other-than-temporary impairment on any of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position because we have the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery of the unrealized losses or expect to receive the stated principal and interest at maturity.

Scheduled maturities of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
Within 1 year	$	39,047	$	39,133
After 1 year through 5 years	58,494		59,246
After 5 years through 10 years	69,077		70,267
After 10 years	68,638		71,008
Total	$	235,256	$	239,654

The scheduled maturities of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with the actual payment, as borrowers have the right to prepay obligations.

We have not experienced any significant write-offs in our investment portfolio. The majority of our mortgage-backed securities are either guaranteed or supported by the U.S. Government. We have no investments in inactive markets that would warrant a possible change in our pricing methods or classification within the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We mitigate these exposures by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. We use derivative instruments to limit the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on financial results and manage the cost of debt. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We record derivative instruments at fair value and the accounting for changes in the fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative, the resulting designation and the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the risk exposure it is designed to hedge.

Foreign Exchange Contracts

We enter into foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the currency risk associated with the anticipated purchase of inventory between affiliates and from third parties. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on cash flow hedges is included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurs and is reclassified to earnings in the period that the hedged item is recorded in earnings. No amount of ineffectiveness was recorded in earnings for these designated cash flow hedges. At both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding contracts associated with these anticipated transactions with notional amounts of $8 million.

The valuation of foreign exchange derivatives is based on the market approach using observable market inputs, such as foreign currency spot and forward rates and yield curves. We have not seen a material change in the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative counterparties in the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Interest Rate Swap

We had an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with $300 million of variable-rate term loans. This swap matured in September 2018. While outstanding, the swap was designated as a cash flow hedge and the effective portion of the gain or loss on the cash flow hedge was included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurred and reclassified to earnings in the period that the hedged item was recorded in earnings.

The fair value of derivative instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

Designation of Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	$	113		$	61
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(52		)	(104		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets and prepayments	616			1,970
	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(5,402		)	(631		)
	Total derivative assets	$	729		$	2,031
	Total derivative liabilities	(5,454		)	(735		)
	Total net derivative (liability) asset	$	(4,725	)	$	1,296

Amounts included in AOCI at September 30, 2019 related to derivative instruments will be recognized in earnings within the next 12 months.

The following represents the results of cash flow hedging relationships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	156	$	(42	)	Revenue	$	(98	)	$	(38	)
						Cost of sales	54			52
Interest rate swap	—		(824		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	156	$	(866	)		$	(44	)	$	14
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of Gain (Loss) (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings (Effective Portion)
Derivative Instrument	2019		2018				2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	$	181	$	111		Revenue	$	(23	)	$	38
						Cost of sales	99			(33		)
Interest rate swap	—		(1,776		)	Interest Expense	—			—
	$	181	$	(1,665	)		$	76		$	5

We enter into foreign exchange contracts to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on short-term intercompany loans and related interest that are denominated in a foreign currency. The revaluation of intercompany loans and interest and the corresponding mark-to-market adjustment on derivatives are recorded in earnings. The table below represents the mark-to-market adjustments of non-designated derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All outstanding contracts at September 30, 2019 mature within 12 months.

		Three Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(11,385	)	$	(1,948	)
		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
Derivatives Instrument	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2019			2018
Foreign exchange contracts	Selling, general and administrative expense	$	(6,181	)	$	(20,344	)

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain derivative instruments contain credit-risk-related contingent features that require us to post collateral based on a combination of our long-term senior unsecured debt ratings and the net fair value of our derivatives. At September 30, 2019, we had no cash collateral posted.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable, loan receivables, derivative instruments, accounts payable and debt. The carrying value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, loans receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Carrying value	$	3,069,091	$	3,265,608
Fair value	$	2,953,853	$	3,003,678