Finance Assets

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. Sales-type lease receivables are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our customers for postage and supplies. Loan receivables are generally due each month; however, customers may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective interest method and related annual fees are initially deferred and recognized ratably over the annual period covered. Customer acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Finance receivables at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:



	March 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	North America			International			Total			North America			International			Total
Sales-type lease receivables
Gross finance receivables	$	1,012,917		$	290,618		$	1,303,535		$	1,023,549		$	292,059		$	1,315,608
Unguaranteed residual values	68,719			14,242			82,961			74,093			14,202			88,295
Unearned income	(218,628		)	(62,527		)	(281,155		)	(216,720		)	(62,325		)	(279,045		)
Allowance for credit losses	(8,763		)	(3,083		)	(11,846		)	(7,721		)	(2,794		)	(10,515		)
Net investment in sales-type lease receivables	854,245			239,250			1,093,495			873,201			241,142			1,114,343
Loan receivables
Loan receivables	314,664			33,564			348,228			339,373			34,492			373,865
Allowance for credit losses	(6,950		)	(984		)	(7,934		)	(7,098		)	(1,020		)	(8,118		)
Net investment in loan receivables	307,714			32,580			340,294			332,275			33,472			365,747
Net investment in finance receivables	$	1,161,959		$	271,830		$	1,433,789		$	1,205,476		$	274,614		$	1,480,090

Allowance for Credit Losses

We provide an allowance for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature and volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to manage the collateral. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and make adjustments as necessary. The assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from estimated reserves.

We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:



	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	7,721		$	2,794		$	7,098		$	1,020		$	18,633
Amounts charged to expense	2,217			399			1,925			141			4,682
Write-offs and other	(1,175		)	(110		)	(2,073		)	(177		)	(3,535		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	8,763		$	3,083		$	6,950		$	984		$	19,780

	Sales-type Lease Receivables						Loan Receivables
	North America			International			North America			International			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	8,247		$	2,647		$	8,517		$	1,089		$	20,500
Amounts charged to expense	1,758			178			639			144			2,719
Write-offs and other	(1,189		)	(256		)	(1,787		)	(157		)	(3,389		)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	8,816		$	2,569		$	7,369		$	1,076		$	19,830

Aging of Receivables

The aging of gross finance receivables at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows:



	March 31, 2018
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	960,922	$	284,696	$	305,623	$	33,292	$	1,584,533
> 90 days	51,995		5,922		9,041		272		67,230
Total	$	1,012,917	$	290,618	$	314,664	$	33,564	$	1,651,763
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	8,757	$	1,774	$	—	$	—	$	10,531
Not accruing interest	43,238		4,148		9,041		272		56,699
Total	$	51,995	$	5,922	$	9,041	$	272	$	67,230



	December 31, 2017
	Sales-type Lease Receivables				Loan Receivables
	North America		International		North America		International		Total
1 - 90 days	$	971,002	$	286,170	$	330,503	$	34,239	$	1,621,914
> 90 days	52,547		5,889		8,870		253		67,559
Total	$	1,023,549	$	292,059	$	339,373	$	34,492	$	1,689,473
Past due amounts > 90 days
Still accruing interest	$	10,807	$	1,738	$	—	$	—	$	12,545
Not accruing interest	41,740		4,151		8,870		253		55,014
Total	$	52,547	$	5,889	$	8,870	$	253	$	67,559

Credit Quality

The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of an automated credit score, where available, and a detailed manual review of the client's financial condition and, when applicable, payment history. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes. The portfolio management processes ensure that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.

We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive, given that it is a localized process and there is no single credit score model that covers all countries.

The table below shows the North America portfolio at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by relative risk class based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including the company type, ownership structure, payment history and financial information. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not scored. Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The degree of risk (low, medium, high), as defined by the third party, refers to the relative risk that an account in the next 12 month period may become delinquent.


•	Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and are considered to approximate the top 30% of all commercial borrowers.


•	Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and are considered to approximate the middle 40% of all commercial borrowers.


•	High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent and are considered to approximate the bottom 30% of all commercial borrowers.



	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sales-type lease receivables
Low	$	817,697	$	819,776
Medium	138,411		148,000
High	21,858		21,728
Not Scored	34,951		34,045
Total	$	1,012,917	$	1,023,549
Loan receivables
Low	$	239,104	$	262,646
Medium	56,560		56,744
High	6,067		6,791
Not Scored	12,933		13,192
Total	$	314,664	$	339,373