UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
Or
TRANSACTION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ___ to____
Commission File Number
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this charter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files):
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
☐ Large accelerated filer | ☐ Accelerated filer | ||
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act: ☐
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
Yes
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | Shares outstanding as of November 12, 2021: |
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
Part 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||
Page No. | ||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | F-2 | |
F-3 | ||
F-4 | ||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | F-5 | |
F-6 | ||
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | F-23 | |
F-42 | ||
F-43 | ||
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Item 1A. | Risk Factors | |
F-43 | ||
F-44 |
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company”, “registrant”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its subsidiary. The Acura logo is our trademark and Acura Pharmaceuticals is our registered trademark. All other trade names, trademarks and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. We have assumed that the reader understands that all such terms are source-indicating. Accordingly, such terms, when first mentioned in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, appear with the trade name, trademark or service mark notice and then throughout the remainder of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q without the trade name, trademark or service mark notices for convenience only and should not be construed as being used in a descriptive or generic sense.
F-1
Item 1. Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited; in thousands except par value)
| September 30, |
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2021 | 2020 | |||||
Assets: |
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Cash | $ | | $ | | ||
Royalty receivable |
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Collaboration revenue receivable from related party | | | ||||
License fee revenue receivable from related party | | | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Finance lease right of use (Note 11) |
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Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 5) |
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Intangible asset, net (Note 2) |
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Total assets | $ | | $ | | ||
Liabilities: |
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Accounts payable | $ | | $ | | ||
Accrued expenses (Note 6) |
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Finance lease liability - current (Note 11) | | — | ||||
Loans under CARES Act (Note 7) | | | ||||
Other current liabilities (Note 10) |
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Accrued interest to related party (Note 7) | | | ||||
Convertible debt to related party, net of discounts (Note 7) | | | ||||
Total current liabilities |
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Finance lease liability - noncurrent (Note 11) | | — | ||||
Loans under CARES Act - noncurrent (Note 7) | | | ||||
Total liabilities | $ | | $ | | ||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
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Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |
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Common stock - $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | | $ | |
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
F-2
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited; in thousands except per share amounts)
Three months Ended | Nine months Ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
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| 2020 |
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Revenues: | ||||||||||||
Royalties | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Collaboration - related party |
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License fees - related party |
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Product sales, net of allowance (Note 3) |
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Total revenues |
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Expenses: | ||||||||||||
Research and development |
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General and administrative |
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Total expenses |
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Operating loss |
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Gain on forgiveness of a loan under CARES Act (Note 7) | | | | | ||||||||
Interest expense - related party (Note 7) |
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Loss before provision for income taxes |
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Provision for income taxes |
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Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Net loss per share: |
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Basic | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: |
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Diluted |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
F-3
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Unaudited; in thousands)
Common Stock | Additional | |||||||||||||
Number | $0.01 Par | Paid-in | Accumulated | |||||||||||
| of Shares |
| Value |
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| Deficit |
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Balance at January 1, 2021 |
| | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Net loss |
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Net distribution of common stock pursuant to restricted stock unit award plan |
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Exercise of stock options | | | ( | — | — | |||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2021 | | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||
Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||
Non-cash stock-based compensation | — | — | | — | | |||||||||
Conversion of debt principal | | | | — | | |||||||||
Conversion of debt interest | | | | — | | |||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2021 |
| | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | ||||
Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||
Non-cash stock-based compensation | — | — | | — | | |||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2021 | | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | |
Common Stock |
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Balance at January 1, 2020 |
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Net loss |
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Non-cash stock-based compensation |
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Net distribution of common stock pursuant to restricted stock unit award plan |
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Balance at March 31, 2020 |
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Net income |
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Non-cash stock-based compensation |
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Balance at June 30, 2020 |
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Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||
Non-cash stock-based compensation | — | — | | — | | |||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2020 | | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | ( |
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
F-4
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited; in thousands)
Nine months Ended | ||||||
September 30, | ||||||
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Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
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Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation |
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Non-cash stock-based compensation |
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Amortization of intangible asset | | | ||||
Amortization of right of use asset | | | ||||
Impairment charge on intangible asset | | | ||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
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Royalty receivable |
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Collaboration revenue receivable from related party |
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License fee receivable from related party | | ( | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Income taxes refundable |
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Accounts payable | | | ||||
Accrued expenses |
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Lease liability | ( | | ||||
Sales return liability | | ( | ||||
Accrued interest on related party loans |
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Other current liabilities |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
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Proceeds from distribution of restricted stock units |
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Statutory minimum payroll withholding taxes paid on the distribution of shares under a RSU award plan | ( | ( | ||||
Proceeds from loan under CARES Act | | | ||||
Gain on forgiveness of a loan under CARES Act | ( | | ||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
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Net decrease in cash |
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Cash at beginning of period |
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Cash at end of end of period | $ | | $ | | ||
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: |
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Cash paid for income taxes | $ | | $ | | ||
Cash paid for interest | $ | | $ | |
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
F-5
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 AND MARCH 31, 2020
NOTE 1 – OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principal Operations
Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a New York corporation, and its subsidiary (the “Company”, “Acura”, “We”, “Us” or “Our”) is an innovative drug delivery company engaged in the research, development and commercialization of technologies and products intended to address safe use of medications. We have discovered and developed three proprietary platform technologies which can be used to develop multiple products. Our Limitx™ Technology is being developed to minimize the risk of overdose, our Aversion® Technology is intended to address methods of abuse associated with opioid analgesics while our Impede® Technology is directed at minimizing the extraction and conversion of pseudoephedrine , or PSE, into methamphetamine. Oxaydo Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), which utilizes the Aversion Technology, is the first approved immediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. Nexafed brand products utilize our Impede Technology.
● | Limitx, a development stage technology, is designed to retard the release of active drug ingredients when too many tablets are accidentally or purposefully ingested by neutralizing stomach acid with buffer ingredients but deliver efficacious amounts of drug when taken as a single tablet with a nominal buffer dose. The exclusive commercialization rights in the United States to LTX-03 as well as to LTX-02 (oxycodone/acetaminophen) and LTX-09 (alprazolam) are licensed to Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”) (See Note 2). |
● | Our Aversion Technology has been licensed to Assertio Holdings Inc. for use in Oxaydo® Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), and is the first approved immediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. Oxaydo is currently approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths (See Note 2). |
● | Our Impede Technology is used in Nexafed® Tablets (30mg pseudoephedrine HCl) and Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain Tablets (30/325mg pseudoephedrine HCl and acetaminophen). We have licensed to MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC (MainPointe), our Impede Technology in the United States and Canada to commercialize these Nexafed products (See Note 2). |
Basis of Presentation, Liquidity and Substantial Doubt of Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The going concern basis of presentation assumes that we will continue in operation one year after the date these financial statements are issued and we will be able to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2021, we had cash of $
On June 28, 2019 we announced a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and in July 2021 (the “AD Pharma Amended Agreement”), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”). The AD Pharma Amended Agreement required AD Pharma to pay us a monthly license payment of $
F-6
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. The AD Pharma Amended Agreement allows AD Pharma to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement “for convenience”.Whether or not AD Pharma exercises their right to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, we need to raise additional financing or enter into license or collaboration agreements with third parties relating to our technologies. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in obtaining any such financing or in securing license or collaboration agreements with third parties on acceptable terms, if at all, or if secured, that such financing or license or collaboration agreements will provide payments to the Company sufficient to fund continued operations. In the absence of such financing or third-party license or collaboration agreements, the Company will be required to scale back or terminate operations and/or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy laws. An extended delay or cessation of the Company’s continuing product development efforts will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In view of the matters described above, management has concluded that substantial doubt exists with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.
In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the Company’s accompanying balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuous basis, to maintain existing financing and to succeed in its future operations. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
Our future sources of revenue, if any, will be derived from licensing fees, milestone payments and royalties under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, the Assertio Agreement, the MainPointe Agreement and similar agreements which we may enter into for our LIMITx products in development with other pharmaceutical company partners, for which there can be no assurance.
The amount and timing of our future cash requirements will depend on regulatory and market acceptance of our product candidates and the resources we devote to the development and commercialization of our product candidates.
COVID-19
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic (“coronavirus pandemic”), based on the rapid increase in exposure globally. The coronavirus pandemic continues to affect the United States and global economies. If the outbreak continues, it may affect the Company’s operations and those of third parties on which the Company relies, including causing disruptions in the supply of the Company’s product candidates and the conduct of current and planned preclinical and clinical studies and contract manufacturing operations. We may need to limit operations or implement limitations, and may experience limitations in employee resources.
The extent to which the coronavirus impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact, the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, and the related potential for new surges in infections, and the distribution, public acceptance and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines including for emerging variants. Additionally, while the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, the coronavirus pandemic is difficult to assess or predict, the impact of the coronavirus on the global financial markets may reduce the Company’s ability to access capital, which could negatively impact the Company’s short-term and long-term liquidity and the Company’s ability to complete its preclinical studies on a timely basis, or at all.
The ultimate impact of coronavirus is highly uncertain and subject to change. The Company does not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on its business, financing, preclinical and clinical trial activities, contract manufacturing operations or the global economy as a whole. However, these effects could have a material, adverse impact on the Company’s liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely.
F-7
NOTE 2 – LICENSE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS
The Company’s revenues are comprised of amounts earned under its license and collaboration agreements and royalties. Revenue recognition occurs when a customer obtains control of promised services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services based on a short-term credit arrangement.
AD Pharma Agreement covering LTX-03
On June 28, 2019 we announced a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and in July 2021 (the “AD Pharma Amended Agreement”), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”), The AD Pharma Amended Agreement required AD Pharma to pay us a monthly license payment of $
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. Should AD Pharma choose not to exercise this option to terminate and the NDA for LTX-03 is subsequently accepted by the FDA, such option expires. AD Pharma does have the right to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement anytime for “convenience on 30 days prior written notice”. AD Pharma retains commercialization rights from which Acura will receive stepped royalties on sales and potential sales related milestones. AD Pharma also has a license to the Limitx patents for LTX-02 (oxycodone/acetaminophen) and LTX-09 (alprazolam) which are not subject to any development agreement or responsibilities by Acura.
We had also previously granted authority to MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC (MainPointe) to assign to AD Pharma the option and the right to add, as an Option Product to the Nexafed® Agreement, a Nexafed® 12-hour dosage (an extended-release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride product utilizing the IMPEDE® Technology in 120mg dosage strength, and the Option Product exercise price of $
Assertio Agreement covering Oxaydo
In April 2014, we terminated an agreement with Pfizer which resulted in the return to us of Aversion Oxycodone (formerly known as Oxecta®) and all Aversion product rights in exchange for a one-time termination payment of $
We have recorded amortization expense of $
F-8
The Aversion intangible asset is summarized as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, |
| December 31, | |||
2021 | 2020 | |||||
Intangible asset – Aversion |
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Less: accumulated amortization |
| ( |
| ( | ||
Less: reserve for impairment |
| ( |
| ( | ||
Net | $ | | $ | |
In January 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (now known as Assertio Holdings Inc. and formerly known as Zyla Life Sciences), or collectively Assertio, entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Assertio Agreement”) to commercialize Aversion Oxycodone under our tradename Oxaydo. Oxaydo is approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in 5 mg and 7.5 mg strengths. Under the terms of the Assertio Agreement, we transferred the approved New Drug Application, or NDA, for Oxaydo to Assertio and Assertio is granted an exclusive license under our intellectual property rights for development and commercialization of Oxaydo worldwide (the “Territory”) in all strengths, subject to our right to co-promote Oxaydo in the United States. Eaglet launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015.
Assertio paid us a $
As part of a 2020 restructuring by Assertio, it is our understanding that they have decided to reduce selling efforts pertaining to Oxaydo and as such, we expect royalties to decline over the remainder of the Agreement.
The Assertio Agreement expires upon the expiration of Assertio’s royalty payment obligations in all countries.
MainPointe Agreement covering Nexafed Products
In March 2017, we and MainPointe entered into the MainPointe Agreement, pursuant to which we granted MainPointe an exclusive license to our Impede Technology to commercialize both of our Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product (“Nexafed products”) in the U.S. and Canada. We also conveyed to MainPointe our existing inventory and equipment relating to our Nexafed products. MainPointe is responsible for all development, manufacturing and commercialization activities with respect to products covered by the Agreement.
On signing the MainPointe Agreement, MainPointe paid us an upfront licensing fee of $
F-9
MainPointe has the option to expand the licensed territory beyond the United States and Canada to the European Union (and the United Kingdom), Japan and South Korea for payments of $
On June 28, 2019, we granted authority to MainPointe to assign to AD Pharma the option and the right to add, as an Option Product to the Nexafed® Agreement, a Nexafed® 12-hour dosage (an extended-release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride product utilizing the IMPEDE® Technology in 120mg dosage strength and the Option Product exercise price of $
The MainPointe Agreement may be terminated by either party for a material breach of the other party, or by Acura if MainPointe challenges certain of its patents. Upon early termination of the MainPointe Agreement, MainPointe’s licenses to the Impede Technology and all products will terminate. Upon termination, at Acura’s request the parties will use commercially reasonable efforts to transition the Nexafed® and Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain products back to Acura.
On January 1, 2020, MainPointe assigned to AD Pharma, with Acura’s consent, all of its right, title and interest in the MainPointe Agreement between MainPointe and Acura; which was rescinded by AD Pharma in October 2020.
KemPharm Agreement Covering Certain Opioid Prodrugs
In October 2016, we and KemPharm Inc. (“KemPharm”) entered into a worldwide License Agreement (the “KemPharm Agreement”) pursuant to which we licensed our Aversion® Technology to KemPharm for its use in the development and commercialization of three products using 2 of KemPharm’s prodrug candidates. KemPharm has also been granted an option to extend the KemPharm Agreement to cover two additional prodrug candidates. KemPharm is responsible for all development, manufacturing and commercialization activities.
Upon execution of the KemPharm Agreement, KemPharm paid us an upfront payment of $
The KemPharm Agreement expires upon the expiration of KemPharm’s royalty payment obligations in all countries. Either party may terminate the KemPharm Agreement in its entirety if the other party materially breaches the KemPharm Agreement, subject to applicable cure periods. Acura or KemPharm may terminate the KemPharm Agreement with respect to the U.S. and other countries if the other party challenges the patents covering the licensed products. KemPharm may terminate the KemPharm Agreement for convenience on ninety (90) days prior written notice. Termination does not affect a party’s rights accrued prior thereto, but there are no stated payments in connection with termination other than payments of obligations previously accrued. For all terminations (but not expiration), the KemPharm Agreement provides for termination of our license grant to KemPharm.
F-10
NOTE 3 – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations under terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised service is transferred to a customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring services to a customer (“transaction price”). The Company will then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. When determining the transaction price of the contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. None of the Company’s licenses and collaboration agreements contained a significant financing component at either September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
The Company’s existing license and collaboration agreements may contain a single performance obligation or may contain multiple performance obligations. Those which contain multiple performance obligations will require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised services underlying each performance obligation.
The Company’s existing license and collaboration agreements contain customer options for the license of additional products and territories. We determined the option’s standalone selling prices based on the option product’s potential market size in the option territory as compared to the currently licensed product and U.S. territory. Some of our existing license and collaboration agreements contain a license to the technology as well as licenses to tradenames or trademarks. The Company determined that the licenses to the tradenames or trademarks were immaterial in context of the contract. Price adjustments are accounted for as variable consideration. Provisions for variable consideration are based on current assumptions, executed contracts, and historical data and are provided for in the period the related revenues are recorded.
Sales-based Milestones and Royalty Revenues
The commercial sales-based milestones and sales royalties earned under the license and collaboration for Oxaydo and sales royalties earned under the license for the Nexafed products, are recorded in the period of the related sales by Assertio and MainPointe. Payments of sales-based milestones are generally due within 30 days after the end of a calendar year. Payments of royalties are generally due within 45 days after the end of a calendar quarter.
License and Collaboration Agreement Revenues
The achievement of milestones under the Company’s license and collaboration agreements will be recorded as revenue during the period the milestone’s achievement becomes probable, which may result in earlier recognition as compared to the previous accounting standards. The license fee of an option product or option territory under the Company’s license and collaboration agreements will be recorded as revenue when the option is exercised and any obligations on behalf of the Company, such as to transfer know-how, has been fulfilled. The monthly license fee under the Company’s LTX-03 license and collaboration agreement will be recorded as revenue upon the fulfillment of the monthly development activities. The out-of-pocket development expenses under the license and collaboration agreements will be recorded as revenue upon the performance of the service or delivery of the material during the month.
On June 28, 2019 we announced a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and in July 2021 (the “AD Pharma Amended Agreement”), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”), The AD Pharma Amended Agreement required AD Pharma to pay us a monthly license payment of $
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. The AD Pharma Amended Agreement allows AD Pharma to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement “for convenience”.
F-11
Product Sales, net of allowance
Nexafed was launched in mid-December 2012 and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain was launched in February 2015. Prior to entering into the MainPointe Agreement in March 2017, we sold our Nexafed products in the United States to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors as well as directly to chain drug stores. Our Nexafed products were sold subject to the right of return usually for a period of up to twelve months after the product expiration. During the second quarter 2020, we reviewed our product sales return allowance liability and recorded a $
Disaggregation of Total Revenues
The Company has two license agreements for currently marketed products containing its technologies; the Oxaydo product containing the Aversion Technology has been licensed to Assertio and the Nexafed products containing the Impede Technology which have been licensed to MainPointe. The Company has a third license agreement, having a product under development, LTX-03, containing its LIMITx™ technology, with AD Pharma. We have recorded $
On January 1, 2020, MainPointe assigned to AD Pharma, with Acura’s consent, all of its right, title and interest in the MainPointe Agreement between MainPointe and Acura; which was rescinded by AD Pharma in October 2020. All of the Company’s royalty revenues are earned from these two license agreements by the licensee’s sale of products in the United States.
Royalty revenues by licensee are summarized below:
Three months Ended | Nine months Ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||||
Assertio (Oxaydo) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
MainPointe - related party (Nexafed) |
| |
| | | | ||||||
Royalty revenues | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
Contract Balance and Performance Obligations
NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and Development (“R&D”) costs include internal R&D activities, external Contract Research Organization (“CRO”) services and their clinical research and investigative sites, and other activities. Internal R&D activity costs can include facility overhead, equipment and facility maintenance and repairs, laboratory supplies, pre-clinical laboratory experiments, formulation work, depreciation, salaries, benefits, insurance and stock-based compensation expenses. CRO activity costs can include preclinical laboratory experiments and clinical trial studies. Other activity costs can include regulatory consulting, regulatory legal counsel, cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing pre-clinical trial materials, costs of manufacturing scale-up, and cost sharing expenses under license agreements. Internal R&D costs and other activity costs are charged to expense as incurred. We make payments to the CRO’s based on agreed upon terms and may include payments in advance of a study starting date. Payments in advance will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements as prepaid expenses. We review and charge to expense accrued CRO costs and clinical trial study costs based on services performed and rely on estimates of those costs applicable to the stage of completion of a study as provided by the CRO. Our accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such studies progress towards completion. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. We did not have prepaid CRO costs or prepaid clinical trial study expenses at September 30, 2021 or 2020.
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NOTE 5 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment is summarized as follows (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||
(in thousands) | ||||||
Building and improvements | $ | | $ | | ||
Scientific equipment |
| |
| | ||
Computer hardware and software |
| |
| | ||
Machinery and equipment |
| |
| | ||
Land and improvements |
| |
| | ||
Other personal property |
| |
| | ||
Office equipment |
| |
| | ||
Total |
| |
| | ||
Less: accumulated depreciation |
| ( |
| ( | ||
Net property, plant and equipment | $ | | $ | |
We do not have leasehold improvements. Costs of betterments are capitalized while maintenance costs and repair costs are charged to operations as incurred. When a depreciable asset is retired from service, the cost and accumulated depreciation will be removed from the respective accounts.
Depreciation expense was $
NOTE 6 – ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses are summarized as follows (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||
(in thousands) | ||||||
Cost sharing expenses under license agreements | $ | | $ | | ||
Other fees and services |
| |
| | ||
Payroll, payroll taxes and benefits |
| |
| | ||
Professional services |
| |
| | ||
Financed premiums on insurance policies |
| |
| | ||
Property taxes |
| |
| | ||
Franchise taxes |
| |
| | ||
Total | $ | | $ | |
F-13
NOTE 7 – DEBT
Related Party Convertible Loan
At December 31, 2018, we had borrowed an aggregate of $
On June 9, 2021, we received notice of conversion from AD Pharma for the $
Paycheck Protection Program
1st PPP Loan
On April 13, 2020, the Company received a loan (the “1st Loan”) from JP Morgan Chase Bank in the aggregate amount of $
2nd PPP Loan
On March 16, 2021, the Company received a loan (the “2nd Loan”) from JP Morgan Chase Bank in the aggregate amount of $
NOTE 8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In July 2017, we completed a $
F-14
As part of the closing of the Transaction, the Company and Essex Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P. (“Essex”) and Galen Partners III, L.P. (“Galen”) amended and restated the existing Voting Agreement including such parties to provide for Mr. Schutte to join as a party (as so amended, the “Second Amended and Restated Voting Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Voting Agreement provides that our Board of Directors shall remain comprised of no more than seven members (subject to certain exceptions), (i) one of whom is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, (ii) three of whom are independent under Nasdaq standards, and (iii) one of whom shall be designated by each of Essex, Galen and Mr. Schutte, and the parties to such agreement would vote for such persons. The right of each of Essex, Galen and Mr. Schutte to designate one director to our Board will continue as long as he or it and their affiliates collectively hold at least
MainPointe Pharmaceuticals LLC
Mr. Schutte is the principal owner of MainPointe Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Kentucky limited liability company (“MainPointe”). In March 2017, we granted MainPointe an exclusive license to our Impede Technology to commercialize our Nexafed® and Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain Products in the United States and Canada for an upfront licensing fee of $
Loans with Mr. John Schutte
At December 31, 2018, we had borrowed an aggregate of $
On June 9, 2021, we received notice of conversion from AD Pharma for the $
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AD Pharma Agreement covering LTX-03
On June 28, 2019 we entered into a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and in July 2021 (the “AD Pharma Amended Agreement”), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”), a special purpose company representing a consortium of investors for the completion of development of LTX-03 (hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen) immediate-release tablets utilizing Acura’s patented LIMITx™ technology which addresses the consequences of excess oral administration of opioid tablets, the most prevalent route of opioid overdose and abuse. The AD Pharma Amended Agreement grants AD Pharma exclusive commercialization rights in the United States to LTX-03 as well as LTX-02 (oxycodone/acetaminophen) and LTX-09 (alprazolam). The AD Pharma Amended Agreement required AD Pharma to pay us a monthly license payment of $
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. Should AD Pharma choose not to exercise this option to terminate and the NDA for LTX-03 is subsequently accepted by the FDA, such option expires. AD Pharma does have the right to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement anytime for “convenience on 30 days prior written notice”. AD Pharma retains commercialization rights from which Acura will receive stepped royalties on sales and potential sales related milestones. AD Pharma also has a license to the Limitx patents for LTX-02 (oxycodone/acetaminophen) and LTX-09 (alprazolam) which are not subject to any development agreement or responsibilities by Acura. Upon commercialization of the licensed products, Acura receives stepped royalties on sales and is eligible for certain sales related milestones.
We also granted authority to MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC (MainPointe) to assign to AD Pharma the option and the right to add, as an Option Product to the Nexafed® Agreement, a Nexafed® 12-hour dosage (an extended-release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride product utilizing the IMPEDE® Technology in 120mg dosage strength), and the Option Product exercise price of $
NOTE 9 – COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS
Our warrant activity during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is shown below (in thousands except price data):
September 30, | ||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
|
| WAvg |
|
| WAvg | |||||
Exercise | Exercise | |||||||||
Number | Price | Number | Price | |||||||
Outstanding, Jan. 1 |
| | $ | |
| | $ | | ||
Issued |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Exercised |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Expired |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Modification |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Outstanding, Sept. 30 |
| | $ | |
| | $ | |
As part of our July 2017 private placement transaction with Mr. Schutte, we issued warrants to purchase
F-16
In June 2019 as part of the changes made to the loan agreements we had with Mr. Schutte, each having an original due date of January 2, 2020, we issued to him a warrant to purchase
During December 2020, warrants expired that were exercisable for
NOTE 10 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
We have several stock-based compensation plans covering stock options and RSUs for our employees and directors.
We measure our compensation cost related to stock-based payment transactions based on fair value of the equity or liability classified instrument. For purposes of estimating the fair value of each stock option unit on the date of grant, we utilize the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected volatility factor of the market price of our common stock (as determined by reviewing our historical public market closing prices). Our accounting for stock-based compensation for RSUs is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.
Our total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s results of operations from non-cash and cash-portioned instruments issued to our employees and directors comprised the following (in thousands):
Three months Ended | Nine months Ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Research and development costs: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Stock options | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Restricted stock units |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Subtotal | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
Stock options | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Restricted stock units |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Subtotal | | | | | ||||||||
Total | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
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Stock Option Plans
We maintain various stock option plans.
Nine months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
|
| Weighted |
|
| Weighted | |||||
Number | Average | Average | ||||||||
of | Exercise | Number of | Exercise | |||||||
Options | Price | Options | Price | |||||||
Outstanding, Jan. 1 |
| | $ | |
| | $ | | ||
Granted |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Exercised |
| ( |
| |
| |
| | ||
Forfeited |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
Expired | ( | | ( | | ||||||
Outstanding, Sept. 30 |
| | $ | |
| | $ | | ||
Exercisable, Sept. 30 |
| | $ | |
| | $ | |
We estimate the option’s fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Black-Scholes utilizes assumptions related to expected term, forfeitures, volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which is assumed to be zero, as we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities utilized in the Black-Scholes model are based on the historical volatility of our common stock price. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected life of the grants is derived from historical exercise activity. Historically, the majority of our stock options have been held until their expiration date.
The intrinsic value contained in the stock option awards which are vested and outstanding at September 30, 2021 is approximately $
Restricted Stock Unit Award Plans
We have two Restricted Stock Unit Award Plans for our employees and non-employee directors, a 2021 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan (the “2021 RSU Plan) and a 2017 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan (the “2017 RSU Plan). Vesting of an RSU entitles the holder to receive a share of our common stock on a distribution date. Our non-employee director awards allow for non-employee directors to receive payment in cash, instead of
The compensation cost to be incurred on a granted RSU without a cash settlement option is the RSU’s fair value, which is the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, less its exercise cost. The compensation cost is amortized to expense and recorded to additional paid-in capital over the vesting period of the RSU award.
F-18
A summary of the grants under the RSU Plans as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, and for the nine months then ended consisted of the following (in thousands):
Nine months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||
|
| Number of |
|
| Number of | |||
Number | Vested | Number of | Vested | |||||
of RSUs | RSUs | RSUs | RSUs | |||||
Outstanding, Jan. 1 |
| |
| | |
| | |
Granted |
| |
| | |
| | |
Distributed |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | |
Vested |
| |
| | |
| | |
Forfeited |
| |
| | |
| | |
Outstanding, Sept. 30 |
| |
| | |
| |
2021 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan
Our 2021 RSU Plan was approved by shareholders in May 2021 and permits the grant of up to
Information about the award activity under the 2021 RSU Plan is as follows:
● | In May 2021, we awarded approximately |
2017 Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan
Our 2017 RSU Plan was approved by shareholders in November 2017 and permits the grant of up to
Information about the award activity under the 2017 RSU Plan is as follows:
● | In December 2017, we awarded |
● | In December 2018, we awarded |
● | In January 2019, we awarded approximately |
F-19
● | In January 2020, we awarded approximately |
Information about the distribution of share activity under the 2017 RSU Plan is as follows:
● | In January 2019, |
● | In January 2020, |
● | In January 2020, |
● | In January 2021, |
● | In January 2021, |
NOTE 11 – LEASES
In June 2021, the Company entered into a finance lease for a scientific piece of equipment for a term of
The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to the lease as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| Financial Statement Classification |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Finance lease right of use |
| $ | | $ | | |||
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Finance lease liability - current |
| $ | | $ | | |||
Finance lease liability - noncurrent |
|
| |
| | |||
Total lease liability |
| | $ | |
NOTE 12 – INCOME TAXES
We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and are accounted for using the enacted income tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
F-20
Deferred tax assets reflect the tax effects of net operating losses (“NOLs”), tax credit carryovers, and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The most significant item of our deferred tax assets is derived from our Federal NOLs. We have approximately $
The realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, and the timing and amount of which may be uncertain. A valuation allowance is required against deferred income tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all our remaining net deferred income tax assets were offset by a valuation allowance due to uncertainties with respect to future utilization of NOL carryforwards. If in the future it is determined that additional amounts of our deferred income tax assets would likely be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced in the period in which such determination is made and an additional benefit from income taxes in such period would be recognized.
NOTE 13 –NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding during a period, including shares weighted related to both vested Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) which settle in shares (See Note 10) and a stock warrant exercisable for
F-21
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) consisted of the following (in thousands except per share data):
Three months Ended | Nine months Ended | |||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||||
Basic net loss per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Numerator: net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Denominator (weighted average): |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Common shares |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
RSUs – vested |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Common stock purchase warrants | | | | | ||||||||
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Basic net loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Diluted net loss per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Numerator: net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Denominator (weighted average): |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Common shares |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
RSUs |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Common stock purchase warrants | | | | | ||||||||
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Diluted net loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||
Excluded securities (non-weighted): |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Common shares issuable: |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
RSUs |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Stock options |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Common stock purchase warrants |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Convertible loan | | | — | | ||||||||
Total excluded potentially dilutive shares |
| |
| |
| |
| |
NOTE 14 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In October and November 2021, AD Pharma remitted to us $
In October 2021, the Company received approval for loan forgiveness under the PPP by the Small Business Administration for its 2nd Loan in the aggregate amount of $
F-22
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report. Historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of results in future periods.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Report constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to:
● | our ability to fund or obtain funding for our continuing operations, including the development of our products utilizing our LIMITx and IMPEDE technologies; |
● | whether we will receive FDA acceptance for an NDA for LTX-03 by the target date; |
● | whether our licensees will terminate the license prior to commercialization; |
● | the expected results of clinical studies relating to LTX-03 or any successor product candidate, the date by which such studies will complete and the results will be available and whether any product candidate will ultimately receive FDA approval; |
● | the ability of LTX-03 single tablets to achieve bioequivalence or to demonstrate efficacy in a clinical study; |
● | whether our licensing partners will develop any additional products and utilize Acura for such development; |
● | whether LIMITx will retard the release of opioid active ingredients as dose levels increase; |
● | whether the extent to which products formulated with the LIMITx technology mitigate respiratory depression risk will be determined sufficient by the FDA; |
● | our and our licensee’s ability to successfully launch and commercialize our products and technologies; |
● | our and our licensee’s ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and commercialize products utilizing our technologies; |
● | the market acceptance of, timing of commercial launch and competitive environment for any of our products; |
● | our ability to develop and enter into additional license agreements for our product candidates using our technologies; |
● | the ability to avoid infringement of patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights of third parties; |
● | the ability of our patents to protect our products from generic competition and our ability to protect and enforce our patent rights in any paragraph IV patent infringement litigation; |
● | the adequacy of the development program for our product candidates, including whether additional clinical studies will be required to support an NDA and FDA approval of our product candidates; |
● | changes in regulatory requirements; |
● | adverse safety findings relating to our commercialized products or product candidates in development; |
● | whether or when we are able to obtain FDA approval of labeling for our product candidates for the proposed indications and whether we will be able to promote the features of our technologies; and |
● | whether our product candidates will ultimately perform as intended in commercial settings. |
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “indicate,” “intend,” “look forward to,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “suggest,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and in Item 1A of this Report. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or developments. Accordingly, you should not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements.
F-23
Company Overview
We are an innovative drug delivery company engaged in the research, development and commercialization of technologies and products intended to address safe use of medications. We have discovered and developed three proprietary platform technologies which can be used to develop multiple products. Our Limitx™ Technology is being developed to minimize the risk of overdose, our Aversion® Technology is intended to address methods of abuse associated with opioid analgesics while our Impede® Technology is directed at minimizing the extraction and conversion of pseudoephedrine, or PSE, into methamphetamine. Oxaydo Tablets (oxycodone HCl, CII), which utilizes the Aversion Technology, is the first approved immediate-release oxycodone product in the United States with abuse deterrent labeling. Nexafed brand products utilize our Impede Technology.
Limitx, a development stage technology, is designed to retard the release of active drug ingredients when too many tablets are accidentally or purposefully ingested by neutralizing stomach acid with buffer ingredients but deliver efficacious amounts of drug when taken as a single tablet with a nominal buffer dose. We have completed four clinical studies of various product formulations utilizing the Limitx Technology which have demonstrated proof-of-concept for the Limitx Technology and will allow us to advance a product to development for a New Drug Application, or NDA.Studies AP-LTX-400, or Study 400, and Study AP-LTX-401, or Study 401, both utilizing our LTX-04 hydromorphone formulation demonstrated the mean maximum drug concentration in blood, or Cmax, was reduced in healthy adult fasted subjects by 50% to 65% when excessive buffer levels were ingested or a situation consistent with over-ingestion of tablets. Study AP-LTX-301, or Study 301 demonstrated drug Cmax from LTX-03, a Limitx hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen combination product, in healthy adult fasted subjects trended toward bioequivalence in test formulations A through E and showed an increasing reduction in Cmax for formulations F through H; in which formulations A through H had increasing incremental amounts of buffer starting with no buffer in formulation A. We believe the results of Study 301 demonstrated that LTX-03 is a formulation that optimizes the balance between effective blood levels of drug for pain relief at a single tablet dose while retarding bioavailability of drug when multiple tablets are ingested. FDA designated the development program for LTX-04 as Fast Track, which is designed to facilitate the development, and expedite the review of drugs to treat serious conditions and fill an unmet medical need. However, we are advancing LTX-03, which combines the hydrocodone micro-particles, acetaminophen and buffer ingredients into a single tablet, as our lead Limitx product candidate due to its larger market size and its known prevalence of oral excessive tablet abuse and overdose, and we voluntarily placed the Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, for LTX-04 on inactive status. We submitted an IND for LTX-03 to the FDA in the first quarter of 2018 in order to advance to NDA development, which became effective in April 2018.
On June 28, 2019 we entered into a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and in July 2021 (the "AD Pharma Amended Agreement"), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”), a special purpose company representing a consortium of investors, for the completion of development of LTX-03 (hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen) immediate-release tablets utilizing Acura’s patented LIMITx™ technology which addresses the consequences of excess oral administration of opioid tablets, the most prevalent route of opioid overdose and abuse. At September 30, 2021, AD Pharma was delinquent in remitting the monthly license payments to us for June, 2021 and July, 2021 which aggregates to $400 thousand, and approximately $72 thousand of reimbursable LTX-03 development expenses. Failure to make these payments is an event of default under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement. In October and November 2021, AD Pharma remitted to us $350 thousand of the $400 thousand license fees, and with those payments there is $126 thousand in remaining license fees and expense reimbursements to be paid to us under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement.
In January 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation (now known as Assertio Holdings Inc. and formerly known as Assertio Life Sciences), or collectively Assertio, entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Assertio Agreement”) pursuant to which we exclusively licensed to Assertio worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize our Aversion Technology product Oxaydo. Oxaydo is currently approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for marketing in the United States in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths. Assertio launched Oxaydo in the United States late in the third quarter of 2015. We are not actively developing product candidates utilizing our Aversion Technology.
We launched our first Impede Technology product, Nexafed, into the United States market in December 2012 and launched our Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain product in the United States in February 2015. On March 16, 2017, we and MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC, or MainPointe, entered into a License, Commercialization and Option Agreement, or the MainPointe Agreement, pursuant to which we granted MainPointe an exclusive license to our Impede technology in the U.S. and Canada to commercialize our Nexafed products. The MainPointe Agreement also grants MainPointe the option to expand the licensed territory to the European Union, Japan and South Korea and to add additional pseudoephedrine-containing products utilizing our Impede technology. MainPointe is controlled by Mr. John
F-24
Schutte, who became our largest shareholder pursuant to a private placement completed in July 2017. On January 1, 2020, MainPointe assigned to AD Pharma, an entity controlled by Mr. Schutte, with Acura’s consent, all of its right, title and interest in the Agreement between MainPointe and Acura; which was rescinded by AD Pharma in October 2020.
We conduct research, development, laboratory, manufacturing, and warehousing activities at our operations facility in Culver, Indiana and lease an administrative office in Palatine, Illinois. In addition to internal capabilities and activities, we engage numerous clinical research organizations, or CROs, with expertise in regulatory affairs, clinical trial design and monitoring, clinical data management, biostatistics, medical writing, laboratory testing and related services. Our Supply agreements with two third-party pharmaceutical product manufacturers and packagers to supply our commercial requirements for our Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain products were assigned to MainPointe in accordance with the MainPointe Agreement.
Misuse or Abuse of Prescription Opioid Products and Development of Risk Mitigation Formulations
In 2018, there were 312,000 incidents of self-harm in the US. In 2019, suicides exceeded 47,000 with half the US states reporting a greater than 30% increase since 1999. For ages 15-24, suicide is the second leading cause of death and veterans die by suicide at a higher rate than the civilian population. Only 54% of suicide decedents had a prior diagnosis of a mental health issue and over 10% had chronic pain representing potential opioid patients. Suicide by poisoning, which would include overdose of prescription medications, make up over 10% of successful suicide attempts with those with prior diagnosed mental health issues twice as likely to die by poisoning.
Overdose is not limited to intentional acts of self-harm. In 2019, over 93,000 citizens died from accidental licit and illicit drug overdose, with the most prevalent licit drug classes being opioids, psychostimulants, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The misuse and abuse of opioid analgesics continues to constitute a dynamic and challenging threat to the United States and in 2017, the US Government declared opioid abuse as an epidemic and national health emergency. In 2018, an estimated 9.9 million persons aged 12 years and older, reported opioid misuse in the past year. Overdoses involving opioids killed nearly 47,000 people in 2018 and 32% of those deaths involved prescription opioids.
Overdose Risk Mitigation - Products and Development
Any drug may initiate severe unwanted side effects when overdosed. For example, a known and FDA labelled side effect of the overdose of opioids is respiratory depression. High doses of opioids can affect the respiratory center of the brain resulting in a slowing and/or shallowing of the breathing which increases carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood stream. Opioids also impact ancillary CO2 monitoring of the blood preventing the body from taking corrective action. The increased CO2 and resulting decrease in oxygen in the blood systematically shuts down body systems and may result in death.
Abusers as well as legitimate pain patients are at risk of overdose. In some cases, overdose is accidental but anecdotal reports indicate suicide rates among pain patients are increasing presumably due to their inability to access the pain medications they need to manage their condition.
In June 2019, FDA issued a draft for public comment guidance on a Benefit-Risk Assessment Framework for Opioid Analgesic Drugs. The draft guidance indicates FDA will “consider the public health risks of the [opioid] drug related to misuse, abuse, opioid use disorder, accidental exposure, and overdose in both patients and nonpatients, as well as any properties of the drug that may mitigate such risks”. We intend to develop our LIMITx Technology products consistent with this pending guidance and perform studies to demonstrate our drug candidates have properties to mitigate the risk of overdose. Further development of our LIMITx Technology products will likely also entail additional safety and/or efficacy assessment as may be identified by the FDA for each specific formulation during the Investigational New Drug application, or IND, or the NDA phase of development.
LIMITx™ Technology
LIMITx Technology is intended to address the accidental or intentional consumption of multiple tablets and provide a margin of safety against respiratory depression. We believe these benefits for opioids are consistent with FDA’s proposed direction to require all newly approved opioid products to have features of benefits that provide safety or efficacy benefits over existing available opioid therapies.
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LIMITx Technology Products in Development
We have the following products in development utilizing our LIMITx Technology:
LIMITx Technology Products |
| Status |
Immediate-release hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen (LTX-03) |
| FDA registration/clinical batches complete in Feb. 2021 – long term shelf life testing in progress. |
Immediate-release oxycodone HCl (LTX-01) & (LTX-02) |
| Formulation development in process |
Immediate-release non-opioid drug (LTX-09) |
| Formulation development in process |
Immediate-release hydromorphone HCI (LTX-04) |
| Two Phase I exploratory pharmacokinetic studies completed. IND no longer active. |
LTX-03 Development
Study 301
Study 301 was an open-label, parallel design pharmacokinetic study testing our LIMITx formulation LTX-03 in 72 fasted healthy adult subjects randomized into 9 groups (8 subjects per group). One group swallowed a single Norco® 10/325mg tablet, the marketed comparator or reference drug. The remaining 8 groups swallowed a single LTX-03 tablet with increasing buffering amounts starting with no buffer, LTX-03 formulations A through H, respectively. All 72 subjects completed the study and the doses were generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events. One subject in the Formulation E group was not analyzed due to emesis. LTX-03 is a combination of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen.
In Study 301 bioequivalence (BE) was examined to generate information for future registration studies. Results demonstrated a trend toward BE for both active ingredients in LTX-03 formulations A through E. Formulation E had BE ratios (log transformed) for hydrocodone of 0.89 and 0.97 for Cmax and Area Under the Curve (AUC), respectively. In this small sample size study both hydrocodone BE confidence intervals were below the acceptable lower BE range of 0.80 at 0.74 and 0.79 for Cmax and AUC, respectively. For acetaminophen, Formulation E’s BE Ratios were 1.15 and 1.03 for Cmax and AUC, respectively. While the acetaminophen AUC’s met the BE standards, the Cmax upper confidence interval of 1.61 was above the acceptable upper BE range of 1.25. We believe that bioequivalence of this formulation may be achieved by reducing data variability that can be achieved through an adequately powered crossover study design with sufficient numbers of subjects in the study. For LTX-03 Formulations F through H, the higher buffer level tablets, Study 301 demonstrated a progressively increasing reduction in hydrocodone Cmax culminating in a 34% Cmax reduction associated with Formulation H, the highest level evaluated. The Cmax for acetaminophen did not decline in Formulations F through H in Study 301.
We believe that Study 301 identified a formulation that optimizes the balance between providing therapeutic blood levels of drug for pain relief at a single tablet dose while retarding the bioavailability of drug when higher buffer levels are ingested.
Manufacturing
We have completed with AD Pharma, commercial scale-up of the LTX-03 manufacturing process at a contract manufacturing organization. In February 2021, we completed manufacturing three NDA required registration/clinical batches of the to-be-marketed LTX-03 formulation on the commercial scale manufacturing equipment We have initiated a six month shelf life study on these tablets for submission in the NDA with 3 month interim testing passing quality assurance testing.
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IND Update
We submitted an Investigational New Drug Application, or IND with respect to LTX-03, to the FDA in the first quarter of 2018, which became effective in April 2018. In February 2021, we submitted to the FDA an update to the LTX-03 IND with our proposed clinical protocols for further development of LTX-03. The submitted clinical protocols included:
● | A one tablet, single dose pharmacokinetic study in fasted, healthy adult subjects; |
● | A 2, 5 and 9 tablet single dose pharmacokinetic study in fasted, healthy adult subjects; and |
● | A one tablet, single dose pharmacokinetic study in fed, healthy adult subjects. |
These studies also contains design components to evaluate certain pharmacologic data with respect to, among other things, acidic beverages and drug interactions. On October 11, 2021 we received an Advice Letter from the FDA regarding our proposed clinical protocols. FDA’s suggested changes to our protocols included, but were not limited to, (a) elements to improve patient safety during opioid administration, (b) more stringent subject inclusions/exclusion criteria to minimize physiologic interaction with LTX-03 and (c) provided we plan to use FDA’s prior findings of safety and efficacy of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, include study arms that will scientifically bridge LTX-03 blood exposures to the same active ingredients previously approved pursuant to an FDA New Drug Application (NDA). Our review of FDA data sources indicates that the combination product of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen has never had an FDA approved NDA and this scientific bridge would require us to evaluate LTX-03 against NDA approved products containing the active ingredients individually or in combination with different ingredients, which will likely require us to execute a fourth clinical study. We and AD Pharma are evaluating the FDA Advice Letter. Although the design of these studies is based on Advice Letters received from the FDA, no guarantees can be made that these studies, even if successful, will be sufficient to warrant FDA approval.
Non-clinical Study APT-RDR-300
Study APT-RDR-300 was a non-clinical study of respiratory depression in which five groups of 11 Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered doses of hydrocodone ranging from 100mg of drug per kg of body weight (mg/kg) up to 300 mg/kg and one group receiving placebo. 8 subjects in each group were measured for opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD) assessing peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the blood over a 4 hour observation period. 36 subjects were analyzed as successfully completing the dosing. The additional 3 subjects in each group provided blood samples analyzed for hydrocodone at .5, 1, 2 and 4 hours post-dosing.
In Study APT-RDR-300 all doses above 100 mg/kg demonstrated with statistical significance (p<.05) SpO2 measured OIRD at all time points post-dosing. The 100 mg/kg dose was not statistically significant for OIRD at any time point post-dosing. The mortality rate was correlated with higher doses. In all animals exhibiting OIRD, OIRD was acutely evident within 30 minutes of dosing which was consistent with the Cmax of the hydrocodone dose. Increased Cmax was generally associated with an increased prevalence of acute OIRD (SpO2 ≤70%). Approximately 90% of animals reaching this acute OIRD level resulted in death. Due to a high variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics observed in the study, no further associations were possible. Acura believes the results of this study generally support the development of opioid products with a reduction in Cmax in overdose situations.
Non-clinical Study APT-RDR-301
Study APT-RDR-301 was a non-clinical study of respiratory depression in which five groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered doses of hydrocodone ranging from 100mg of drug per kg of body weight (mg/kg) up to 300 mg/kg and one group receiving placebo. Subjects in each group were measured for OIRD assessing peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the blood at 30-miniutes post-dose. After the 30-minute SpO2 reading, a blood sample was taken from each subject.
In Study APT-RDR-301 all drug doses demonstrated with statistical significance (p<.05) SpO2 measured OIRD at 30-minutes post-dosing. The mortality rate was correlated with higher doses with a lethal dose in 50% of the animals (LD50) consistent with study APT-RDR-300. A regression analysis of individual subjects demonstrated a statistically significant association between Cmax and SpO2 at the 30-minute timepoint.
Since our non-clinical studies are to characterize the pharmacology of our tablet formulation and not the toxicologic safety of the active ingredients, these studies were not run in compliance with FDA’s current good laboratory practices.
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AD Pharma Agreement covering LTX-03
On June 28, 2019 we announced a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement, as amended in October 2020 and July 2021 (the "AD Pharma Amended Agreement"), with Abuse Deterrent Pharma, LLC (“AD Pharma”), a special purpose company representing a consortium of investors. Under the terms of this Agreement, the Company is responsible for completing the development of LTX-03 (hydrocodone bitartrate with acetaminophen) immediate-release tablets utilizing Acura’s patented LIMITx™ technology and grants AD Pharma exclusive commercialization rights in the United States to LTX-03. Financial arrangements include monthly license payments by AD Pharma of $350 thousand up to April 2020 and $200 thousand thereafter until July 31, 2021, and reimbursement of all our outside development costs for LTX-03. Upon commercialization of LTX-03, Acura receives stepped royalties on sales and is eligible for certain sales related milestones. At September 30, 2021, AD Pharma was delinquent in remitting the monthly license payments to us for June, 2021 and July, 2021 which aggregates to $400 thousand, and approximately $72 thousand of reimbursable LTX-03 development expenses. Failure to make these payments is an event of default under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement. In October and November 2021, AD Pharma remitted to us $350 thousand of the $400 thousand license fees. AD Pharma also has licensed commercialization rights to LTX-02 (oxycodone/acetaminophen) and LTX-09 (alprazolam).
AD Pharma may terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement at any time. Additionally, if the NDA for LTX-03 is not accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022, AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. Should AD Pharma choose not to exercise this option to terminate and the NDA for LTX-03 is subsequently accepted by the FDA, such option expires.
We also granted authority to MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC (MainPointe) to assign to AD Pharma the option and the right to add, as an Option Product to the Nexafed® Agreement, a Nexafed® 12-hour dosage (an extended-release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride product utilizing the IMPEDE® Technology in 120mg dosage strength) and the Option Product exercise price of $500 thousand was waived if the exercise of the option occurred by June 28, 2024 (five years from the effective date), however effective with the October 2020 amendment, this option and right was rescinded. In March 2017, we granted MainPointe an exclusive license to our IMPEDE ® Technology to commercialize our Nexafed® and Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain Products in the United States and Canada. On January 1, 2020, MainPointe assigned to AD Pharma, with Acura’s consent, all of its right, title and interest in the MainPointe Agreement between MainPointe and Acura dated March 16, 2017; which was rescinded by AD Pharma in October 2020.
Mr. Schutte directly owns approximately 14% of our common stock as of September 30, 2021. Mr. Schutte also controls MainPointe and is an investor in AD Pharma. AD Pharma directly owns approximately 66% of our common stock as of September 30, 2021.
Aversion Technology
Aversion Technology incorporates gelling ingredients and irritants into tablets to discourage abuse by snorting and provide barriers to abuse by injection. Our Aversion Technology and related opioid products, like Oxaydo, are covered by claims in nine issued U.S. patents, which expire between November 2023 and March 2025. Our Aversion Technology products are intended to provide the same therapeutic benefits of the active drug ingredient as currently marketed products containing the same active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Oxaydo Tablets
Oxaydo (oxycodone HCI tablets) is a Schedule II narcotic indicated for the management of acute and chronic moderate to severe pain where the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate. On January 7, 2015, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Assertio pursuant to which we exclusively licensed to Assertio worldwide rights to manufacture and commercialize Oxaydo. Oxaydo is approved in 5mg and 7.5mg strengths. Assertio commenced shipping Oxaydo in the United States in October 2015.
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The safety and efficacy of Oxaydo 5mg and 7.5mg tablets was established by demonstrating bioequivalence to commercially available oxycodone immediate-release tablets in the fasted state. Oxaydo differs from oxycodone tablets when taken with a high fat meal though these differences are not considered clinically relevant, and Oxaydo can be taken without regard to food. The FDA-approved label for Oxaydo describes elements unique to our Aversion Technology, which differs from current commercially available oxycodone immediate-release tablets. The label for Oxaydo includes the results from a clinical study that evaluated the effects of nasally snorting crushed Oxaydo and commercially available oxycodone tablets, and limitations on exposing Oxaydo Tablets to water and other solvents and administration through feeding tubes. The clinical study evaluated 40 non-dependent recreational opioid users, who self-administered the equivalent of 15mg of oxycodone. After accounting for a first sequence effect, the study demonstrated:
● | 30% of subjects exposed to Oxaydo responded that they would not take the drug again compared to 5% of subjects exposed to immediate-release oxycodone; |
● | subjects taking Oxaydo reported a higher incidence of nasopharyngeal and facial adverse events compared to immediate-release oxycodone; |
● | a decreased ability to completely insufflate two crushed Oxaydo Tablets within a fixed time period (21 of 40 subjects), while all subjects were able to completely insufflate the entire dose of immediate-release oxycodone; and |
● | small numeric differences in the median and mean drug liking scores, which were lower in response to Oxaydo than immediate-release oxycodone. |
Further, the Oxaydo product label guides patients not to crush and dissolve the tablets or pre-soak, lick or otherwise wet the tablets prior to administration. Similarly, caregivers are advised not to crush and dissolve the tablets or otherwise use Oxaydo for administration via nasogastric, gastric or other feeding tubes as it may cause an obstruction.
Assertio Agreement Covering Oxaydo
On January 7, 2015, we and Egalet US, Inc. and Egalet Ltd., each a subsidiary of Egalet Corporation, (now known as Assertio Holdings Inc.), entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement, or the Assertio Agreement, to commercialize Oxaydo Tablets containing our Aversion® Technology. Oxaydo is approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in 5 mg and 7.5 mg strengths. Under the terms of the Assertio Agreement, we transferred the approved NDA for Oxaydo to Assertio and Assertio is granted an exclusive license under our intellectual property rights for development and commercialization of Oxaydo worldwide, or the Territory, in all strengths, subject to our right to co-promote Oxaydo in the United States.
Assertio paid us an upfront payment of $5.0 million upon signing of the Assertio Agreement and a $2.5 million milestone in October 2015 in connection with the launch of Oxaydo. In addition, we are entitled to receive from Assertio a stepped royalty at percentage rates ranging from mid-single digits to double-digits on net sales during a calendar year based on Oxaydo net sales during such year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). In any calendar year in which net sales exceed a specified threshold, we will receive a double digit royalty on all Oxaydo net sales in that year (excluding net sales resulting from our co-promotion efforts). Assertio’s royalty payment obligations commenced on the first commercial sale of Oxaydo and expire, on a country-by-country basis, upon the expiration of the last to expire valid patent claim covering Oxaydo in such country (or if there are no patent claims in such country, then upon the expiration of the last valid claim in the United States or the date when no valid and enforceable listable patent in the FDA’s Orange Book remains with respect to the Product). Royalties will be reduced upon the entry of generic equivalents, as well as for payments required to be made by Assertio to acquire intellectual property rights to commercialize Oxaydo, with an aggregate minimum floor.
The Assertio Agreement expires upon the expiration of Assertio’s royalty payment obligations in all countries.
As part of a 2020 restructuring by Assertio, it is our understanding that they have decided to reduce selling efforts pertaining to Oxaydo and as such, we expect royalties to decline over the remainder of the Agreement.
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KemPharm Agreement Covering Opioid Prodrugs
On October 13, 2016, we and KemPharm Inc., or KemPharm, entered into a worldwide License Agreement, or the KemPharm Agreement, pursuant to which we licensed our Aversion® Technology to KemPharm for its use in the development and commercialization of three products using 2 of KemPharm’s prodrug candidates. KemPharm has also been granted an option to extend the KemPharm Agreement to cover two additional prodrug candidates. KemPharm is responsible for all development, manufacturing and commercialization activities, although we may provide initial technical assistance.
Upon execution of the KemPharm Agreement, KemPharm paid us an upfront payment of $3.5 million. If KemPharm exercises its option to use our Aversion Technology with more than the 2 prodrugs licensed, then KemPharm will pay us up to $1.0 million for each additional prodrug license. In addition, we will receive from KemPharm a low single digit royalty on commercial sales by KemPharm of products developed using our Aversion Technology under the KemPharm Agreement. KemPharm’s royalty payment obligations commence on the first commercial sale of a product using our Aversion Technology and expire, on a country-by-country basis, upon the expiration of the last to expire patent claim of the Aversion Technology covering a product in such country, at which time the license for the particular product and country becomes fully paid and royalty free. As of December 31, 2020 we are unaware of KemPharm’s use of our Aversion technology under the KemPharm Agreement.
The KemPharm Agreement expires upon the expiration of KemPharm’s royalty payment obligations in all countries. Either party may terminate the KemPharm Agreement in its entirety if the other party materially breaches the KemPharm Agreement, subject to applicable cure periods. Acura or KemPharm may terminate the KemPharm Agreement with respect to the U.S. and other countries if the other party challenges the patents covering the licensed products. KemPharm may terminate the KemPharm Agreement for convenience on ninety (90) days prior written notice. Termination does not affect a party’s rights accrued prior thereto, but there are no stated payments in connection with termination other than payments of obligations previously accrued. For all terminations (but not expiration), the KemPharm Agreement provides for termination of our license grant to KemPharm.
Aversion Technology Development Opioid Products
We have suspended further development of our Aversion hydrocodone/APAP product candidate, in order to focus our time and available resources on the development of our LIMITx Technology product candidates. We currently have 6 additional opioids at various stages of formulation development using the Aversion Technology which are not being actively developed.
Abuse of Pseudoephedrine Products
The 2019 CDC Drug Surveillance Report reported two million Americans aged 12 or older having used methamphetamine in the past year. From 2015-2018, an estimated 1.6 million U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, on average, reported past-year methamphetamine use. A 2018 study by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that methamphetamine use has increased significantly among people with an existing opioid use disorder (OUD). People with OUD in their study reported substituting methamphetamine for opioids when the latter are hard to obtain or are perceived as unsafe, or that they sought a synergistic high by combining them. People who purposefully combine heroin and cocaine or methamphetamine report that the stimulant helps to balance out the sedative effect of opioids, enabling them to function “normally.” However, the combination can enhance the drugs’ toxicity and lethality, by exacerbating their individual cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
The chemical structure of pseudoephedrine, or PSE, is very similar to methamphetamine, facilitating a straight-forward chemical conversion to methamphetamine. OTC PSE products are sometimes purchased and used for this conversion. There are multiple known processes to convert PSE to methamphetamine, all of which are not complex and do not require specialized equipment; however, many do require readily available but uncommon ingredients. Two of the three most popular processes follow two general processing steps: (1) dissolving the PSE tablets in a solvent to isolate, by filtration, purified PSE and (2) a chemical reduction of the PSE into methamphetamine for drying into crystals. The third method, or the “one-pot” method, involves the direct chemical reduction of the PSE to methamphetamine in the presence of the tablet’s inactive ingredients. All the solvents used are ultimately dried off or otherwise removed, so a wide range of solvents are amenable to the process.
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Impede Technology Products
Our initial Impede 1.0 Technology being used in Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain contains a proprietary mixture of inactive ingredients, prevents the extraction of PSE from tablets using known extraction methods and disrupts the direct conversion of PSE from tablets into methamphetamine.
We have developed a next generation Impede 2.0 Technology with additional inactive ingredients to improve the meth-resistance of our technology which is currently used in Nexafed Tablets. One-pot, direct conversion meth testing performed by our CRO on the following commercially available products resulted in:
Meth Resistant | |||||||
Product/Formulation |
| Technology |
| Meth Recovery1 |
| Purity2 |
|
Sudafed® 30mg Tablets |
| None |
| 67 | % | 62 | % |
Nexafed 30mg Technology |
| Impede® 1.0 |
| 38 | % | 65 | % |
Zephrex-D® 30mg Pills |
| Tarex® |
| 28 | % | 51 | % |
Nexafed 120mg Extended-release tablets |
| Impede® 2.0 |
| 17 | % | 34 | % |
1 | Total methamphetamine HCl recovered from the equivalent of 100 PSE 30mg tablets divided by the maximum theoretical yield of 2.7 grams. |
2 | Total methamphetamine HCl recovered from the equivalent of 100 PSE 30mg tablets divided by the total weight of powder recovered. |
We have previously demonstrated in a pilot clinical study the bioequivalence of a formulation of our Nexafed extended release tablets utilizing our Impede 2.0 Technology to Sudafed® 12-hour Tablets.
Nexafed Products and the MainPointe Agreement
Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain, consist of immediate release tablets. Nexafed is a 30mg pseudoephedrine tablet which until the third quarter of 2017 incorporated our patented Impede 1.0 Technology and commencing in such quarter incorporated our Impede 2.0 Technology. Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain is a 30/325mg pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen tablet which incorporates our Nexafed 1.0 Technology. PSE is a widely-used nasal decongestant available in many non-prescription and prescription cold, sinus and allergy products. While the 30mg PSE tablet is not the largest selling PSE product on the market, we believe it is the most often used product to make meth due to: (a) its relatively low selling price and (b) its simpler formulation provides better meth yields.
We have demonstrated that our Nexafed 30mg tablets are bioequivalent to Johnson & Johnson’s Sudafed 30mg Tablets when a single 2 tablet dose is administered. Commencing in 2006, the CMEA, required all non-prescription PSE products to be held securely behind the pharmacy counter, has set monthly consumer purchase volume limits, and has necessitated consumer interaction with pharmacy personnel to purchase PSE-containing products.
On March 16, 2017, we and MainPointe entered into a License, Commercialization and Option Agreement, or the MainPointe Agreement, pursuant to which we granted MainPointe an exclusive license to our Impede Technology to commercialize our Nexafed products in the U.S. and Canada. We also conveyed to MainPointe our existing inventory and equipment relating to our Nexafed products. MainPointe is responsible for all development, manufacturing and commercialization activities with respect to products covered by the MainPointe Agreement and controls the marketing and sale of our Nexafed products.
On signing the MainPointe Agreement, MainPointe paid us an upfront licensing fee of $2.5 million plus approximately $425 thousand for inventory and equipment being transferred. The MainPointe Agreement also provides for our receipt of a 7.5% royalty on net sales of licensed products. The royalty payment for each product will expire on a country-by-country basis when the Impede® patent rights for such country have expired or are no longer valid; provided that if no Impede patent right exists in a country, then the royalty term for that country will be the same as the royalty term for the United States. After the expiration of a royalty term for a country, MainPointe retains a royalty free license to our Impede® Technology for products covered by the MainPointe Agreement in such country.
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MainPointe has the option to expand the licensed territory beyond the United States and Canada to the European Union (and the United Kingdom), Japan and South Korea for payments of $1.0 million, $500 thousand and $250 thousand, respectively. In addition, MainPointe has the option to add to the MainPointe Agreement certain additional products, or Option Products, containing PSE and utilizing the Impede Technology for a fee of $500 thousand per product (for all product strengths), including the product candidate Loratadine with pseudoephedrine. MainPointe has assigned and transferred its option rights to a Nexafed 12-hour formulation to AD Pharma. If the territory has been expanded prior to the exercise of a product option, the option fee will be increased to $750 thousand per product. If the territory is expanded after the payment of the $500 thousand product option fee, a one-time $250 thousand fee will be due for each product. If a third party is interested in developing or licensing rights to an Option Product, MainPointe must exercise its option for that product or its option rights for such product will terminate. On June 28, 2019, we granted authority to MainPointe to assign to AD Pharma the option and the right to add, as an Option Product to the Nexafed® Agreement, a Nexafed® 12-hour dosage (an extended-release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride product utilizing the IMPEDE® Technology in 120mg dosage strength) and waived the $500 thousand option fee, however effective with the October 2020 amendment, this option and right was rescinded.
The MainPointe Agreement may be terminated by either party for a material breach of the other party, or by Acura if MainPointe challenges certain of its patents. Upon early termination of the MainPointe Agreement, MainPointe’s licenses to the Impede Technology and all products will terminate. Upon termination, at Acura’s request the parties will use commercially reasonable efforts to transition the Nexafed® and Nexafed® Sinus Pressure + Pain products back to Acura.
On January 1, 2020, MainPointe assigned to AD Pharma, with Acura’s consent, all of its right, title and interest in the MainPointe; which was rescinded y AD Pharma in October 2020.
Other Impede Technology Products
Given the fragmented nature of the PSE market with products containing multiple active ingredients, we have developed additional products for our Nexafed franchise:
Impede Technology Products |
| Status |
Extended-release formulation utilizing Impede 2.0 Technology |
| Pilot pharmacokinetic testing demonstrated bioequivalence to Sudafed® 12-hour Tablets. Pre-IND meeting held with the FDA |
Extended-release combination products |
| No imminent development planned |
Loratadine with pseudoephedrine |
| No imminent development planned |
In July 2015, we had a pre-IND meeting with the FDA to discuss the results from our pharmacokinetic and meth-resistance testing studies to determine the development path for our extended-release development product. The FDA acknowledged the potential value of the development of risk-mitigating strategies for new formulations of pseudoephedrine products while also recognizing an approved “meth-deterrent” extended release pseudoephedrine product would be novel in the over-the-counter (OTC) setting. The FDA did not make a formal determination whether “meth-resistant” claims would be appropriate but is open to consider such an appropriately worded, evidence-based claim directed to the consumer and/or retailer. As recommended by the FDA, we have submitted additional “meth-resistant” testing information to the FDA for review prior to submitting an IND. In October 2016, we received FDA recommendations on our meth-resistant testing protocols for our Nexafed extended release tablets. We can now scale-up our manufacture batch size at a contract manufacturer which allows us to submit an IND to the FDA for our Nexafed extended release tablets, however, we have not yet committed to that level of development.
In March 2017, we completed a pilot pharmacokinetic study for the PSE and Loratadine combination product using our Impede 1.0 Technology. The study in 24 healthy adult subjects demonstrated sufficient, but not bioequivalent blood levels of PSE to the comparator while the second active ingredient achieved bioequivalence. Based on the product profile, we believe this formulation can be moved into final development for a 505(b)(2) NDA submission. The Company has upgraded a portion of this formulation with its Impede 2.0 Technology.
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U.S. Market Opportunity for Impede PSE Products
PSE is a widely-used nasal decongestant available in many non-prescription and prescription cold, sinus and allergy products. PSE is sold in products as the only active ingredient in both immediate and extended-release products. In addition, PSE is combined with other cold, sinus and allergy ingredients such as pain relievers, cough suppressants and antihistamines. PSE also competes against phenylephrine, an alternate nasal decongestant available in non-prescription products. The top retail selling PSE OTC cold/allergy products are:
Reference |
|
| Active | |
Brand1 | Brand Company | Ingredient(s) | ||
Claritin-D |
| Bayer |
| PSE & Loraditine2 |
Allegra-D |
| Chattem |
| PSE & Fexofenadine2 |
Zyrtec-D |
| Pfizer |
| PSE & Ceterizine2 |
Advil Sinus |
| Pfizer |
| PSE & Ibuprofen |
Sudafed 12 Hour |
| J&J |
| PSE2 |
Sudafed 30mg |
| J&J |
| PSE |
1 | Branded product only. Does not include store brand sales. |
2 | Extended release PSE formulations |
MainPointe controls the price of Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus under the terms of the MainPointe Agreement. The market for cold, sinus and allergy products is highly competitive and many products have strong consumer brand recognition and, in some cases, prescription drug heritage. Category leading brands are often supported by national mass marketing and promotional efforts. Consumers often have a choice to purchase a less expensive store brand. Store brands contain the same active ingredients as the more popular national brands but are not supported by large marketing campaigns and are offered at a lower price. Non-prescription products are typically distributed through retail outlets including drug store chains, food store chains, independent pharmacies and mass merchandisers.
Product Labeling for Impede Technology Products
Nexafed and Nexafed Sinus Pressure + Pain products are marketed pursuant to the FDA’s OTC Monograph regulations, which require that our products have labeling as specified in the regulations. Marketing for the Nexafed products includes advertising the extraction characteristics and methamphetamine-resistant benefits of these products which is supported by our published research studies.
We expect that any of our other Impede Technology products that are marketed pursuant to an NDA or ANDA will be subject to a label approved by the FDA. We expect that such a label will require submission of our scientifically derived abuse liability data and we intend to seek descriptions of our abuse liability studies in the FDA approved product label, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
U.S. Market Opportunity for Opioid Analgesic Products
According to the Centers for Drug Control’s 2019 Drug Surveillance Report, opioid analgesics are one of the largest prescription drug markets in the United States with 153 million prescriptions dispensed in 2019 comprised of approximately 139 million and 14 million, immediate and extended release prescriptions, respectively. Further, it is estimated in 2018 that nationally, approximately 49.5 million people, across all age groups, received at least one opioid prescription. CDC data for 2016 identified hydrocodone and oxycodone as the most widely prescribed opioids with 6.2 billion hydrocodone pills/tablets and 5 billion oxycodone pills/tablets distributed in the US.
We expect our LIMITx Technology and Aversion opioid products, to compete primarily in the IR segment of the United States opioid analgesic market. Because IR opioid products are used for both acute and chronic pain, a prescription, on average, contains 66 tablets or capsules. According to IMS Health, in 2016, sales in the IR opioid product segment were approximately $2.7 billion, of which ~98% was attributable to generic products. Due to fewer identified competitors and the significantly larger market for dispensed prescriptions for IR opioid products compared to ER opioid products, we have initially focused on developing IR opioid products utilizing our Aversion and LIMITx Technologies.
F-33
Product Labeling for Products Using Our Technologies
We or our licensee may seek to include descriptions of studies that characterize the safety features of our technologies in the label for our products in development. Assertio has committed to undertake FDA required epidemiological studies to assess the actual consequences of abuse of Oxaydo in the market for which we share a minority portion of appropriate fees and expenses. The extent to which a description of the results of epidemiological or other studies will be added to or included in the FDA approved product label for our products in development will be the subject of our discussions with the FDA as part of the NDA review process. Further, because the FDA closely regulates promotional materials, even if FDA initially approves labeling that includes a description of the properties of the product, the FDA’s Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, or OPDP, will continue to review the acceptability of promotional labeling claims and product advertising campaigns for our marketed products.
In April 2015, the FDA published guidance for industry on the evaluation and labeling of abuse-deterrent opioids and in June 2019, FDA issued a draft for public comment guidance on a Benefit-Risk Assessment Framework for Opioid Analgesic Drugs which may be beneficial to use in the development and labeling of our product candidates.
Patents and Patent Applications
We have the following issued patents covering, among other things, our LIMITx Technology:
Patent No. (Jurisdiction) |
| Subject matter |
| Issued |
| Expires |
9,101,636 (US) | Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 or more doses are consumed | Aug. 2015 | Nov. 2033 | |||
9,320,796 (US) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 or more doses are consumed |
| Apr. 2016 |
| Nov. 2033 |
9,662,393 (US) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 or more doses are consumed |
| May 2017 |
| Nov. 2033 |
10,441,657 (US) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 or more doses are consumed |
| Sept. 2019 |
| Nov. 2033 |
10,688,184 (US) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when 3 or more doses are consumed |
| Jun. 2020 |
| Nov. 2033 |
11,083,794 (US) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when overdosed |
| Aug. 2021 |
| Nov. 2033 |
2,892,908(CAN) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Apr. 2016 |
| Nov. 2033 |
5,922,851 (JAPAN) | Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed | Apr. 2016 | Nov. 2033 | |||
ZL201380062421.0 (CHN) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Jul. 2018 |
| Nov. 2033 |
201711090908.6 (CHN) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Oct.2020 |
| Nov. 2033 |
2,925,304 (EUR) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Sept. 2018 |
| Nov. 2033 |
2015124694 (RUS) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Nov. 2018 |
| Nov. 2033 |
2013352162 (AUS) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Dec. 2018 |
| Nov. 2033 |
366159 (MEX) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Jul. 2019 |
| Nov. 2033 |
238713 (ISR) |
| Abuse deterrent products wherein the release of active ingredient is retarded when excessive doses are consumed |
| Jul. 2019 |
| Nov. 2033 |
F-34
We have the following issued patents covering, among other things, Oxaydo and our Aversion Technology:
Patent No. |
| Subject Matter |
| Issued |
| Expires |
(Jurisdiction) | ||||||
7,201,920 (US) | Pharmaceutical compositions including a mixture of functional inactive ingredients and specific opioid analgesics | Apr. 2007 | Mar. 2025 | |||
7,510,726 (US) |
| A wider range of compositions than those described in the 7,201,920 Patent |
| Mar. 2009 |
| Nov. 2023 |
7,981,439 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions including any water soluble drug susceptible to abuse |
| Jul. 2011 |
| Aug. 2024 |
8,409,616 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions of immediate-release abuse deterrent dosage forms |
| Apr. 2013 |
| Nov. 2023 |
8,637,540 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions of immediate-release abuse deterrent opioid products |
| Jan. 2014 |
| Nov. 2023 |
9,492,443 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions of immediate-release abuse deterrent opioid products |
| Nov. 2016 |
| Nov. 2023 |
We have the following additional issued patents relating to our Aversion Technology:
Patent No. |
| Subject Matter |
| Issued |
| Expires |
(Jurisdiction) | ||||||
8,822,489 (US) | Pharmaceutical compositions of certain abuse deterrent products that contain polymers, surfactant and polysorb 80 | Jul. 2014 | Nov. 2023 | |||
2,004,294,953 (AUS) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Apr. 2010 |
| Nov. 2024 |
2,010,200,979 (AUS) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Aug. 2010 |
| Nov. 2024 |
2,547,334 (CAN) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Aug. 2010 |
| Nov. 2024 |
2,647,360 (CAN) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| May 2012 |
| Apr. 2027 |
175,863 (ISR) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Nov. 2004 |
| Nov. 2024 |
221,018 (ISR) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Nov. 2004 |
| Nov. 2024 |
1694260 (EUR) |
| Abuse deterrent pharmaceuticals |
| Nov. 2004 |
| Nov. 2024 |
F-35
We have the following issued patents covering, among other things, our Nexafed product line and Impede 1.0 and 2.0 technologies:
Patent No. (Jurisdiction) |
| Subject Matter |
| Issued |
| Expires |
8,901,113 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Dec. 2014 |
| Feb. 2032 |
9,757,466 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Sept. 2017 |
| Sep. 2030 |
10,004,699 (US) |
| Methods and compositions for interfering with extraction or conversion of a drug susceptible to abuse |
| Jun. 2018 |
| Dec. 2035 |
10,155,044 (US) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Dec. 2018 |
| Sep. 2030 |
2010300641 (AUS) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Jun. 2016 |
| Sept. 2030 |
2,775,890 (CAN) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Jun. 2016 |
| Sept. 2030 |
2,488,029 (EUR) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Mar. 2016 |
| Sept. 2030 |
218533 (ISR) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Jan. 2016 |
| Sept. 2030 |
2015274936 (AUS) |
| Methods and compositions for interfering with extraction or conversion of a drug susceptible to abuse |
| Sept. 2018 |
| Jun. 2035 |
13102020.5 (HK) |
| Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compounds |
| Oct. 2016 |
| Sept. 2030 |
In addition to our issued patents listed above and additional unlisted issued patents, we have filed multiple U.S. patent applications and international patent applications relating to compositions containing abusable active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as applications covering our Impede 1.0 and 2.0 Technologies and filed U.S. patent applications for our LIMITx Technology. Except for the rights granted in the Assertio Agreement, the KemPharm Agreement, the MainPointe Agreement, and the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and in the patent infringement settlement agreements described below, we have retained all intellectual property rights to our Aversion Technology, Impede Technology, LIMITx Technology and related product candidates.
Between October, 2013 and May, 2014 we settled on an individual basis, patent infringement suits we brought against generic manufacturers Par Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Impax Laboratories, Inc., Sandoz Inc. and Ranbaxy Inc. initiated by their seeking to market generic versions of Oxaydo. Principally, the settlements grant to Par a royalty bearing license to use our Aversion Technology patents in an immediate-release oxycodone product starting in January 2022, or sooner depending on other generic competition. None of such settlements impacted the validity or enforceability of our Patents.
On May 20, 2016, we, Purdue Pharma L.P. and Assertio settled patent infringement actions initiated by Purdue against Oxaydo and an Inter Partes Review initiated by us against a Purdue patent. The parties dismissed or withdrew the actions, requested that the USPTO terminate the IPR Review and exchanged mutual releases. No payments were made by the parties under the settlement agreement. The settlement provides that Acura will not, in the future, assert certain Acura U.S. Aversion Technology patents against selected Purdue immediate and extended-release products. In addition, Purdue has certain rights to negotiate to exclusively distribute an authorized generic version of certain Assertio products, including, in some circumstances, Oxaydo® and other products using Acura’s Aversion® Technology if licensed to Assertio.
Reference is made to the Risk Factors contained in this Report and on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a discussion of, among other things, patent applications and patents owned by third parties, including claims that may encompass our Aversion Technology and Oxaydo Tablets, and the risk of infringement, interference or opposition proceedings that we may be subject to arising from such patents and patent applications.
F-36
Company’s Present Financial Condition
As of September 30, 2021, we had cash of $89 thousand, working capital deficit of $135 thousand and an accumulated deficit of $390 million. We had a loss from operations of $977 thousand and a net loss of $908 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and had a loss from operations of $758 thousand and a net loss of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have suffered recurring losses from operations and have not generated positive cash flows from operations. We anticipate operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future. As of November 12, 2021 our cash balance was approximately $130 thousand.
Currently, the License, Development and Commercialization Agreement dated June 28, 2019 as amended (“AD Pharma Amended Agreement”), requires AD Pharma to pay us a monthly license payment of $350 thousand for a period from inception up to April 2020 at which time the payment became $200 thousand per month and ended on July 31, 2021, and to reimburse us all our outside development costs for LTX-03.
At September 30, 2021, AD Pharma was delinquent in remitting the monthly license payments to us for June, 2021 and July, 2021 which aggregates to $400 thousand, and approximately $72 thousand of reimbursable LTX-03 development expenses. Failure to make these payments is an event of default under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement. In October and November 2021, AD Pharma remitted to us $350 thousand of the $400 thousand license fees.
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires that the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. The AD Pharma Amended Agreement allows AD Pharma to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement “for convenience”. Whether or not AD Pharma exercises their right to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, we need to raise additional financing or enter into license or collaboration agreements with third parties relating to our technologies. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in obtaining any such financing or in securing license or collaboration agreements with third parties on acceptable terms, if at all, or if secured, that such financing or license or collaboration agreements will provide payments to the Company sufficient to fund continued operations. In the absence of such financing or third-party license or collaboration agreements, the Company will be required to scale back or terminate operations and/or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy laws. An extended delay or cessation of the Company’s continuing product development efforts will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In view of the matters described above, management has concluded that substantial doubt exists with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.
In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the Company’s accompanying balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuous basis, to maintain existing financing and to succeed in its future operations. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
Our future sources of revenue, if any, will be derived from licensing fees, milestone payments and royalties under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, the Assertio Agreement, the KemPharm Agreement, the MainPointe Agreement and similar agreements which we may enter into for our LIMITx products in development with other pharmaceutical company partners, for which there can be no assurance.
The amount and timing of our future cash requirements will depend on regulatory and market acceptance of our product candidates and the resources we devote to the development and commercialization of our product candidates.
F-37
Three months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three months Ended September 30, 2020
| September 30, |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
2021 | 2020 | Increase (decrease) |
| |||||||||
Revenues: | $000’s | Percent |
| |||||||||
Royalties | $ | 67 | $ | 14 | $ | 53 |
| 379 | % | |||
Collaboration from related party |
| 3 |
| 96 |
| (93) |
| (97) | ||||
License fees from related party |
| 200 |
| 300 |
| (100) |
| (33) | ||||
Total revenues |
| 270 |
| 410 |
| (140) |
| (34) | ||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Research and development |
| 385 |
| 519 |
| (134) |
| (26) | ||||
General and administrative |
| 416 |
| 456 |
| (40) |
| (9) | ||||
Total operating expenses |
| 801 |
| 975 |
| (174) |
| (18) | ||||
Operating loss |
| (531) |
| (565) |
| (34) |
| (6) | ||||
Gain on debt forgiveness under CARES Act | 269 | — | 269 | — | ||||||||
Interest expense – related party | (-) |
| (113) |
| (113) |
| (100) | |||||
Loss before income taxes |
| (262) |
| (678) |
| (416) |
| (61) | ||||
Provision for income taxes |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — | ||||
Net loss | $ | (262) | $ | (678) | $ | (416) |
| (61) | % |
Revenues
License Fees
We recognize license fees under the license and development agreement with AD Pharma for LTX-03 dated June 2019 and as amended in October 2020 and July 2021. We recognized $0.2 million and $0.3 million of license fees revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Collaboration Revenue
Collaboration revenue is derived from research and development services we perform under the license and development agreement with AD Pharma for LTX-03. We recognized $3 thousand and $96 thousand of collaboration revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Royalty Revenue
In connection with our license agreement with Assertio for Oxaydo Tablets, we earn a royalty based on product net sales. We recognized $67 thousand and $11 thousand of royalty revenue for Oxaydo during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. We believe that Assertio has shifted focus to marketing other products in their portfolio and deemphasized the marketing of Oxaydo and therefore we expect future lower royalties from lower product net sales of Oxaydo Tablets.
In connection with our license agreement with MainPointe for our Nexafed product line, we earn a royalty based on product net sales. We recognized $3 thousand of royalty revenue on Nexafed during the three months ended September 30, 2020. We did not earn a royalty during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
F-38
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Research and development expenses (“R&D”) primarily consisted of our activities with respect to our LIMITx Technology development under license with AD Pharma and can include, among other items, costs of preclinical and non-clinical internal and external activities, clinical study trials, clinical supplies and its related formulation and design costs, salaries and other personnel related expenses of our employees, consultants and our facility costs. Our R&D expenses decreased by $134 thousand between reporting periods, all expenses relate to the LTX-03 development activities.
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of legal, audit and other professional services, corporate insurance, and payroll. Excluding the stock-based compensation expense of $21 thousand and $9 thousand included in the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, our general and administrative expenses decreased by $52 thousand between reporting periods.
Non-Operating Expense
Interest Expense
On June 9, 2021, we received notice of conversion from AD Pharma for the $6.0 million promissory note and approximately $877 thousand of accrued but unpaid interest on such note. The principal and interest were converted into 42,984,375 shares of the Company’s common stock. Effective with this conversion, this promissory note was retired.
Income Taxes
Our results for the three month period ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 include no federal or state income tax benefit provisions due to 100% allowances placed against our deferred tax assets for the uncertainty of their future utilization.
Nine months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine months Ended September 30, 2020
September 30, |
| |||||||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Increase (decrease) |
| ||||||
Revenues: | $000’s | Percent |
| |||||||||
Royalties | $ | 102 | $ | 81 | $ | 21 |
| 26 | % | |||
Collaboration from related party |
| 25 |
| 148 |
| (123) |
| (83) | ||||
License fees from related party |
| 1,400 |
| 2,400 |
| (1,000) |
| (42) | ||||
Product sales, net of allowances |
| — |
| 223 |
| (223) |
| (100) | ||||
Total revenues |
| 1,527 |
| 2,852 |
| (1,325) |
| (47) | ||||
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Research and development |
| 1,180 |
| 1,351 |
| (171) |
| (13) | ||||
General and administrative |
| 1,324 |
| 2,128 |
| (804) |
| (38) | ||||
Total operating expenses |
| 2,504 |
| 3,479 |
| (975) |
| (28) | ||||
Operating loss |
| (977) |
| (627) |
| 350 |
| 56 | ||||
Gain on debt forgiveness under CARES Act | 269 | — | 269 | — | ||||||||
Interest expense – related party |
| (200) |
| (338) |
| (138) |
| (41) | ||||
Loss before income taxes |
| (908) |
| (965) |
| (57) |
| (6) | ||||
Provision for income taxes |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — | ||||
Net loss | $ | (908) | $ | (965) | $ | (57) |
| (6) | % |
F-39
Revenues
License Fees
We recognize license fees under the license and development agreement with AD Pharma for LTX-03 dated June 2019 and as amended in October 2020 and July 2021. We recognized $1.4 million and $2.4 million of license fees revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Collaboration Revenue
Collaboration revenue is derived from research and development services we perform under the license and development agreement with AD Pharma for LTX-03. We recognized $25 thousand and $148 thousand of collaboration revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Royalty Revenue
In connection with our license agreement with Assertio for Oxaydo Tablets, we earn a royalty based on product net sales. We recognized $100 thousand and $72 thousand of royalty revenue for Oxaydo during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We believe that Assertio has shifted focus to marketing other products in their portfolio and deemphasized the marketing of Oxaydo and therefore we expect future lower royalties from lower product net sales of Oxaydo Tablets.
In connection with our license agreement with MainPointe for our Nexafed product line, we earn a royalty based on product net sales. We recognized $2 thousand and $9 thousand of royalty revenue on Nexafed during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Research and development expenses (“R&D”) primarily consisted of our activities with respect to our LIMITx Technology development under license with AD Pharma and can include, among other items, costs of preclinical and non-clinical internal and external activities, clinical study trials, clinical supplies and its related formulation and design costs, salaries and other personnel related expenses of our employees, consultants and our facility costs. Our R&D expenses decreased by $171 thousand between reporting periods, all expenses relate to the LTX-03 development activities.
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of legal, audit and other professional services, corporate insurance, and payroll. Excluding the stock-based compensation expense of $84 thousand and $42 thousand included in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, our general and administrative expenses decreased by $846 thousand between reporting periods. The decrease is primarily due from a nonrecurring impairment charge taken in 2020 of $668 thousand on an intangible asset as well as a reduction in its associated amortization expense of $46 thousand and reductions in legal expenses.
Non-Operating Expense
Interest Expense
On June 9, 2021, we received notice of conversion from AD Pharma for the $6.0 million promissory note and approximately $877 thousand of accrued but unpaid interest on such note. The principal and interest were converted into 42,984,375 shares of the Company’s common stock. Effective with this conversion, this promissory note was retired. For the nine month period ending September 30, 2021 and 2020, we incurred interest expense of $200 thousand and $225 thousand, respectively, on such promissory note.
F-40
Income Taxes
Our results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 include no federal or state income tax benefit provisions due to 100% allowances placed against our deferred tax assets for the uncertainty of their future utilization.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At September 30, 2021 we had cash of $89 thousand and working capital deficit of $135 thousand. At December 31, 2020 we had cash of $413 thousand. We had a loss from operations of $977 thousand and a net loss of $908 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and had a loss from operations of $758 thousand and a net loss of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have suffered recurring losses from operations and have not generated positive cash flows from operations. We anticipate operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future. As of November 12, 2021 our cash balance was approximately $130 thousand.
The License, Development and Commercialization Agreement with AD Pharma dated June 28, 2019, as amended in October 2020 and July 2021, required AD Pharma to pay to us for a period from inception up to April 2020 at which time the payment became $200 thousand per month and ended on July 31, 2021, and to reimburse us all our outside development costs for LTX-03.
At September 30, 2021, AD Pharma was delinquent in remitting the monthly license payments to us for June and July, 2021 which aggregates to $400 thousand, and approximately $72 thousand of reimbursable LTX-03 development expenses. Failure to make these payments is an event of default under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement. In October and November 2021, AD Pharma remitted to us $350 thousand of the $400 thousand license fees.
The AD Pharma Amended Agreement, requires the NDA for LTX-03 be accepted by the FDA by February 28, 2022 or AD Pharma has the option to terminate the AD Pharma Agreement and take ownership of the LIMITx intellectual property. The Agreement allows AD Pharma to terminate the Agreement “for convenience”. Whether or not AD Pharma exercises their right to terminate the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, we need to raise additional financing or enter into license or collaboration agreements with third parties relating to our technologies. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in obtaining any such financing or in securing license or collaboration agreements with third parties on acceptable terms, if at all, or if secured, that such financing or license or collaboration agreements will provide payments to the Company sufficient to fund continued operations. In the absence of such financing or third-party license or collaboration agreements, the Company will be required to scale back or terminate operations and/or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy laws. An extended delay or cessation of the Company’s continuing product development efforts will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In view of the matters described above, management has concluded that substantial doubt exists with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued and our independent registered public accounting firm have included in their report relating to our 2020 financial statements a “going concern” explanatory paragraph as to substantial doubt of our ability to continue as a going concern.
In view of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the Company’s accompanying balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuous basis, to maintain existing financing and to succeed in its future operations. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
Our future sources of revenue, if any, will be derived from licensing fees, milestone payments and royalties under the AD Pharma Amended Agreement, the Assertio Agreement, the KemPharm Agreement, the MainPointe Agreement and similar agreements which we may enter into for our LIMITx products in development with other pharmaceutical company partners, for which there can be no assurance.
The amount and timing of our future cash requirements will depend on regulatory and market acceptance of our product candidates and the resources we devote to the development and commercialization of our product candidates.
F-41
Critical Accounting Policies
Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, includes a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the financial statements. The application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s critical accounting policies described in the 2020 Annual Report are also applicable to 2021.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined on Rules 13a – 13(e) and 15(d) – 15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis in the Company’s periodic reports filed with the SEC. Based upon such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise require to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the third fiscal quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
F-42
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None
Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits required by this Item are listed below.
31.1 | |
31.2 | |
32.1 | |
| |
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| |
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| |
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
| |
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
| |
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
| |
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit) |
F-43
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
November 15, 2021 | ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. | |
/s/ Robert B. Jones | ||
Robert B. Jones | ||
Chief Executive Officer | ||
/s/ Peter A. Clemens | ||
Peter A. Clemens | ||
Senior VP & Chief Financial Officer |
F-44