Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Income Taxes	9. Income Taxes Income Tax Expense Our effective income tax rate was a benefit of 33% and 318% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to a benefit of 31% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The change in the tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily due to changes in pre-tax book loss, the excess tax benefit related to stock compensation, and the estimated current year valuation allowance, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. We utilized the interim reporting guidance of ASC 740 to calculate the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. We expect the effective income tax rate for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to be more in line with applicable statutory tax rates. The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was favorably impacted by excess tax benefit deductions related to stock compensation, the research and development tax credit, and the reduction of a valuation allowance on prior year items. The tax rate was unfavorably impacted by non-deductible operating expenses, executive compensation expenses, an increase in the valuation allowance on current year items, and the recording of a tax reserve on prior year items. The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by excess tax benefit deductions related to stock compensation and the research and development tax credit. These factors were partially offset by the unfavorable impacts of non-deductible operating expenses and executive compensation expenses. Deferred Income Taxes We generate deferred tax assets primarily as a result of the difference in fixed asset depreciation lives for book and tax purposes, accruals for which the timing of deductibility is different for book and tax purposes, the timing of tax deductions related to stock compensation, interest expense disallowances, and operating losses. We believe our utilization of net operating losses from previous transactions will not have a material impact on income taxes for the 2021 tax year. As of September 30, 2021 we maintained a total of $11.6 million in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, including state and federal net operating loss carryforwards and interest expense disallowance carryforwards, and a net deferred tax liability of $23.4 million. As of December 31, 2020 we maintained a total of $7.2 million in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, including state and federal net operating loss carryforwards, and a net deferred tax liability of $33.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we corrected certain immaterial prior year errors primarily related to the release of a valuation allowance, reduction of income taxes payable, and an increase in the tax reserve. On correcting the errors, we recorded an income tax benefit of $2.1 million. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) In response to the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the U.S. government enacted the CARES Act on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided various forms of relief and assistance to U.S. businesses. We recorded a reduction to income taxes payable and deferred tax assets of approximately $1.3 million for the change to the 2019 Section 163(j) interest expense deduction limitation for the three months ended March 2020.

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

9. Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate was a benefit of 33% and 318% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to a benefit of 31% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The change in the tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 is primarily due to changes in pre-tax book loss, the excess tax benefit related to stock compensation, and the estimated current year valuation allowance, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. We utilized the interim reporting guidance of ASC 740 to calculate the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. We expect the effective income tax rate for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to be more in line with applicable statutory tax rates.

The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was favorably impacted by excess tax benefit deductions related to stock compensation, the research and development tax credit, and the reduction of a valuation allowance on prior year items. The tax rate was unfavorably impacted by non-deductible operating expenses, executive compensation expenses, an increase in the valuation allowance on current year items, and the recording of a tax reserve on prior year items.

The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by excess tax benefit deductions related to stock compensation and the research and development tax credit. These factors were partially offset by the unfavorable impacts of non-deductible operating expenses and executive compensation expenses.

Deferred Income Taxes

We generate deferred tax assets primarily as a result of the difference in fixed asset depreciation lives for book and tax purposes, accruals for which the timing of deductibility is different for book and tax purposes, the timing of tax deductions related to stock compensation, interest expense disallowances, and operating losses. We believe our utilization of net operating losses from previous transactions will not have a material impact on income taxes for the 2021 tax year.

As of September 30, 2021 we maintained a total of $11.6 million in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, including state and federal net operating loss carryforwards and interest expense disallowance carryforwards, and a net deferred tax liability of $23.4 million. As of December 31, 2020 we maintained a total of $7.2 million in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, including state and federal net operating loss carryforwards, and a net deferred tax liability of $33.3 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we corrected certain immaterial prior year errors primarily related to the release of a valuation allowance, reduction of income taxes payable, and an increase in the tax reserve. On correcting the errors, we recorded an income tax benefit of $2.1 million.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”)

In response to the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the U.S. government enacted the CARES Act on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided various forms of relief and assistance to U.S. businesses. We recorded a reduction to income taxes payable and deferred tax assets of approximately $1.3 million for the change to the 2019 Section 163(j) interest expense deduction limitation for the three months ended March 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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