Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2013

Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the condensed consolidated interim financial statements included herein have been prepared, without audit, by Emmis Communications Corporation (“ECC”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “our,” “us,” “we,” “Emmis” or the “Company”). As permitted under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations; however, Emmis believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Annual Report for Emmis filed on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2013. The Company’s results are subject to seasonal fluctuations. Therefore, results shown on an interim basis are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

In the opinion of Emmis, the accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements contain all material adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of Emmis at August 31, 2013, and the results of its operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended August 31, 2012 and 2013, and cash flows for the six-month periods ended August 31, 2012 and 2013.

Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share

Basic net (loss) income per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net (loss) income per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted. Potentially dilutive securities at August 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of stock options, restricted stock awards and the 6.25% Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”).

Discontinued Operations-Summary of results

Discontinued Operations – Summary of results

The results of operations and related disposal costs, gains and losses for business units that the Company has sold are classified in discontinued operations for all periods presented.

A summary of the income from discontinued operations is presented below:



	Three Months Ended August 31,					Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012			2013		2012			2013
Income (loss) from operations:
KXOS-FM (Radio)	$	32,675		$	—	$	32,534		$	—
Emmis Interactive Inc. (Radio)	(1,466		)	—		(2,193		)	—
Slovakia Radio Network (Radio)	756			—		763			—
Bulgaria Radio Network (Radio)	(146		)	—		(453		)	—
Sampler Publications (Publishing)	(202		)	—		(86		)	—
Total	31,617			—		30,565			—
Benefit from income taxes	(7,159		)	—		(5,852		)	—
Total income from operations, net of tax	$	38,776		$	—	$	36,417		$	—

Discontinued Operation – KXOS-FM

On August 23, 2012, Emmis completed the sale of KXOS-FM in Los Angeles for $85.5 million in cash. In connection with the sale, Emmis recorded a gain on sale of assets of approximately $32.8 million. KXOS-FM had previously been operating pursuant to a local programming and marketing agreement, which is discussed in more detail below.

In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-20-45, the Company allocated interest expense associated with the portion of term loans required to be repaid as a result of the sale of KXOS-FM to its operations for all periods presented.

The operations of KXOS-FM had historically been included in the radio segment. The following table summarizes certain operating results of KXOS-FM for all periods presented:



	Three Months Ended August 31,				Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012		2013		2012		2013
Net revenues	$	1,581	$	—	$	3,331	$	—
Station operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense	7		—		27		—
Depreciation and amortization expense	65		—		169		—
Interest expense	1,591		—		3,358		—
Gain on sale of station	32,757		—		32,757		—
Benefit from income taxes	7,572		—		6,476		—

Discontinued Operation — Emmis Interactive

On October 31, 2012, Emmis completed the sale of Emmis Interactive Inc., a subsidiary of Emmis that provided a content management system, data analytic tools and related services, to Marketron Broadcast Solutions, LLC (“Marketron”) for no net proceeds. The sale of Emmis Interactive Inc. allowed Emmis to mitigate expected future operating losses and more clearly focus on core radio and publishing operating strategies. Marketron had assumed operating control of Emmis Interactive, Inc., on October 4, 2012. In connection with the sale, Emmis recorded a loss on sale of assets of approximately $0.7 million, which was primarily related to severance for former employees.

The operations of Emmis Interactive Inc. had historically been included in the radio segment. The following table summarizes certain operating results of Emmis Interactive Inc. for all periods presented:



	Three Months Ended August 31,				Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012		2013		2012		2013
Net revenues	$	1,144	$	—	$	2,383	$	—
Station operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense	1,754		—		3,716		—
Depreciation and amortization	120		—		257		—
Impairment loss	737		—		737		—
Other income	1		—		134		—

Discontinued Operation – Country Sampler, Smart Retailer and related publications

On October 1, 2012, Emmis completed the sale of Country Sampler magazine, Smart Retailer magazine, and related publications (altogether the “Sampler Publications”) and certain real estate used in their operations to subsidiaries of DRG Holdings, LLC. Emmis believed the sale of the Sampler Publications, which were niche crafting publications, would enable it to more clearly focus on its core city and regional publications. Emmis received gross proceeds from the sale of $8.7 million, incurred approximately $0.2 million in transaction expenses and tax obligations, and used the remaining $8.5 million to repay term loans under the Company’s 2006 Credit Agreement. In connection with the sale, Emmis recorded a gain on sale of assets of approximately $0.7 million.

In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-20-45, the Company allocated interest expense associated with the estimate of term loans required to be repaid as a result of the sale of the Sampler Publications to its operations for all periods presented.

The operations of the Sampler Publications had historically been included in the publishing segment. The following table summarizes certain operating results of the Sampler Publications for all periods presented:



	Three Months Ended August 31,				Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012		2013		2012		2013
Net revenues	$	1,620	$	—	$	3,939	$	—
Station operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense	1,612		—		3,604		—
Depreciation and amortization	22		—		44		—
Interest expense	188		—		377		—
Provision for income taxes	130		—		259		—

Discontinued Operation –Slovakia Radio

On February 25, 2013, Emmis completed the sale of its Slovakian radio network to Bauer Ausland 1 GMBH for $21.2 million in cash. Emmis believed the sale of its international radio properties would better enable the Company to focus its efforts on its domestic radio stations. In connection with the sale, Emmis recorded a gain on sale of assets of approximately $14.8 million.

The operations of our Slovakian radio network had historically been included in the radio segment. The following table summarizes certain operating results of our Slovakian radio network for all periods presented:



	Three Months Ended August 31,					Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012			2013		2012		2013
Net revenues	$	3,172		$	—	$	5,449	$	—
Station operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense	1,863			—		3,528		—
Depreciation and amortization	174			—		354		—
Interest expense	399			—		799		—
Other (income) expense, net	(20		)	—		5		—
Provision for income taxes	283			—		365		—

Discontinued Operation – Bulgaria Radio

On January 3, 2013, Emmis completed the sale of its Bulgarian radio network to Reflex Media EEOD for $1.7 million in cash. Emmis believed the sale of its international radio properties would better enable the Company to focus its efforts on its domestic radio stations. In connection with the sale, Emmis recorded a loss on sale of assets of approximately $1.3 million. The loss on disposal primarily resulted from the reclassification of accumulated currency translation adjustments.

The operations of our Bulgarian radio network had historically been included in the radio segment. The following table summarizes certain operating results of our Bulgarian radio network for all periods presented:



	Three Months Ended August 31,				Six Months Ended August 31,
	2012		2013		2012		2013
Net revenues	$	324	$	—	$	558	$	—
Station operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense	442		—		871		—
Depreciation and amortization	27		—		137		—
Other expense, net	1		—		3		—

Summary of Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations:



	As of February 28, 2013		As of August 31, 2013
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	579	$	465
Accounts receivable, net	128		—
Prepaid expenses	17		—
Other	38		—
Total current assets	$	762	$	465
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	2,169	$	90
Total current liabilities	$	2,169	$	90

Local Programming and Marketing Agreement Fees

The Company from time to time enters into local programming and marketing agreements (“LMAs”) in connection with acquisitions or dispositions of radio stations, typically pending regulatory approval of transfer of the FCC licenses. In such cases where the Company enters into an LMA in connection with a disposition, the Company generally receives specified periodic payments in exchange for the counterparty receiving the right to program and sell advertising for a specified portion of the station’s inventory of broadcast time. Nevertheless, as the holder of the FCC license, the Company retains control and responsibility for the operation of the station, including responsibility over all programming broadcast on the station.

On April 26, 2012, Emmis entered into an LMA with a subsidiary of Disney Enterprises, Inc. for 98.7FM in New York (formerly WRKS-FM and now WEPN-FM, hereinafter referred to as “98.7FM”). The LMA for this station started on April 30, 2012 and will continue until August 31, 2024. During the three months ended August 31, 2012 and 2013, Emmis recognized $2.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of LMA fees, recorded as net revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, related to the 98.7FM LMA. During the six months ended August 31, 2012 and 2013, Emmis recognized LMA fee revenue of $3.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

Grupo Radio Centro, S.A.B. de C.V (“GRC”), a Mexican broadcasting company, provided programming and sold advertising for KXOS-FM in Los Angeles pursuant to an LMA from April 2009 until affiliates of GRC consummated the purchase of KXOS-FM on August 23, 2012. Emmis recognized $1.6 million and $3.3 million of LMA fees, recorded as income from discontinued operations, net of tax, related to the KXOS-FM LMA during the three months and six months ended August 31, 2012, respectively.

Valuation of Indefinite-lived Broadcasting Licenses

In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, the Company’s Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licenses are considered indefinite-lived intangibles. These assets, which the Company determined were its only indefinite-lived intangibles, are not subject to amortization, but are tested for impairment at least annually as discussed below.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s FCC licenses were $150.5 million as of February 28, 2013 and $150.6 million as of August 31, 2013. Pursuant to Emmis’ accounting policy, stations in a geographic market cluster are considered a single unit of accounting, provided that they are not being operated under an LMA by another broadcaster. As of February 29, 2012, our two stations in New York were considered a single unit of accounting. In connection with the execution of the LMA discussed in Note 1, the Company separated the two New York stations into separate units of accounting. The Company performed an interim impairment test of the 98.7FM license as of May 1, 2012 which resulted in an impairment charge of $11.0 million. The carrying value of the 98.7FM license subsequent to the impairment charge is $60.5 million, which approximates its fair value.

The Company generally performs its annual impairment test of indefinite-lived intangibles as of December 1 of each year. When indicators of impairment are present, as was the case with 98.7FM as noted above, the Company will perform an interim impairment test. These impairment tests may result in impairment charges in future periods.

Fair value of our FCC licenses is estimated to be the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To determine the fair value of our FCC licenses, the Company uses an income valuation method when it performs its impairment tests. Under this method, the Company projects cash flows that would be generated by each of its units of accounting assuming the unit of accounting was commencing operations in its respective market at the beginning of the valuation period. This cash flow stream is discounted to arrive at a value for the FCC license. The Company assumes the competitive situation that exists in each market remains unchanged, with the exception that its unit of accounting commenced operations at the beginning of the valuation period. In doing so, the Company extracts the value of going concern and any other assets acquired, and strictly values the FCC license. Major assumptions involved in this analysis include market revenue, market revenue growth rates, unit of accounting audience share, unit of accounting revenue share and discount rate. Each of these assumptions may change in the future based upon changes in general economic conditions, audience behavior, consummated transactions, and numerous other variables that may be beyond our control. When evaluating our radio broadcasting licenses for impairment, the testing is performed at the unit of accounting level as determined by ASC Topic 350-30-35. In our case, radio stations in a geographic market cluster are considered a single unit of accounting, provided that they are not being operated under an LMA.

Valuation of Goodwill

ASC Topic 350-20-35 requires the Company to test goodwill for impairment at least annually using a two-step process. The first step is a screen for potential impairment, while the second step measures the amount of impairment. The Company conducts the two-step impairment test on December 1 of each fiscal year, unless indications of impairment exist during an interim period. During the quarter ended August 31, 2013, no new or additional impairment indicators emerged; hence, no interim impairment testing was warranted. When assessing its goodwill for impairment, the Company uses an enterprise valuation approach to determine the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units (radio stations grouped by market and magazines on an individual basis). Management determines enterprise value for each of its reporting units by multiplying the two-year average station operating income generated by each reporting unit (current year based on actual results and the next year based on budgeted results) by an estimated market multiple. The Company uses a blended station operating income trading multiple of publicly traded radio operators as a benchmark for the multiple it applies to its radio reporting units. There are no publicly traded publishing companies that are focused predominantly on city and regional magazines as is our publishing segment. Therefore, the market multiple used as a benchmark for our publishing reporting units has been based on recently completed transactions within the city and regional magazine industry or analyst reports that include valuations of magazine divisions within publicly traded media conglomerates. Management believes this methodology for valuing radio and publishing properties is a common approach and believes that the multiples used in the valuation are reasonable given our peer comparisons and recent market transactions. To corroborate the step-one reporting unit fair values determined using the market approach described above, management also uses an income approach, which is a discounted cash flow method to determine the fair value of the reporting unit.

This enterprise valuation is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit for the first step of the goodwill impairment test. If the reporting unit exhibits impairment, the Company proceeds to the second step of the goodwill impairment test. For its step-two testing, the enterprise value is allocated among the tangible assets, indefinite-lived intangible assets (FCC licenses valued using a direct-method valuation approach) and unrecognized intangible assets, such as customer lists, with the residual amount representing the implied fair value of the goodwill. To the extent the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, the difference is recorded as an impairment charge in the statement of operations.

As of February 28, 2013 and August 31, 2013, the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill was $12.6 million. Approximately $4.6 million of our goodwill was attributable to our radio division as of February 28, 2013 and August 31, 2013. Approximately $8.0 million of our goodwill was attributable to our publishing division as of February 28, 2013 and August 31, 2013.

Definite-lived intangibles

The Company’s definite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks which are amortized over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s future cash flows. The trademarks have a weighted average remaining useful life of 11.9 years. Amortization expense related to trademarks is expected to be less than $0.1 million in each of the next five successive fiscal years.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure

Available for sale securities — Emmis’ available for sale securities are investments in preferred stock of companies that are not traded in active markets. The investments are recorded at fair value, which is generally estimated using significant unobservable market parameters, resulting in a level 3 categorization. At February 28, 2013 and August 31, 2013, the investments are carried at their cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value, due to the recent purchase of these investments and recent third party transactions that corroborate Emmis’ carrying value approximates current fair value.

Interest rate swap agreement — Emmis’ derivative financial instruments consisted solely of an interest rate cash flow hedge in which the Company pays a fixed rate and receives a variable interest rate that was observable based upon a forward interest rate curve and is therefore considered a level 2 measurement.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis under circumstances and events that include those described in Note 3, Intangible Assets and Goodwill, and are adjusted to fair value only when the carrying values are more than the fair values. The categorization of the framework used to price the assets is considered a Level 3 measurement due to the subjective nature of the unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value (see Note 3 for more discussion).

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of financial instruments is determined using the best available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary, however, in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange, or the value that ultimately will be realized upon maturity or disposition. The use of different market assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

- Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, including accrued liabilities: The carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

- Long-term debt: The Company’s long-term debt is not actively traded and is considered a level 3 measurement. The Company believes the current carrying value of its long-term debt approximates its fair value.

As defined in ASC Topic 820, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 2013 and August 31, 2013. The financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.

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+ Details

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for any discontinued operations. The results of operations of a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale is reported in discontinued operations if both: (a) the operations and cash flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity as a result of the disposal transaction and (b) the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction. If the entity elects to allocate interest expense to a discontinued operation, it may disclose its accounting policy for this election and describe its method of allocation.

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+ Details

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.

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- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for indefinite-lived intangible assets (that is, those intangible assets not subject to amortization). This accounting policy also may address how the entity assesses whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life and how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.

+ References+ Details

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for finite-lived intangible assets. This accounting policy also might address: (1) the amortization method used; (2) the useful lives of such assets; and (3) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.

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