Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

(a) Accounts Receivable & Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly including the analysis of historical trends, customer credit worthiness and the aging of receivables. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Inventories

(b) Inventories:

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by a method that approximates the first-in, first-out method. Work in process and finished goods are valued based on underlying costs to manufacture balers which include direct materials, direct and indirect labor, and overhead. The Company reviews inventory for obsolescence on a regular basis.

Warranties and Service

(c) Warranties and Service:

The Company typically warrants its products for one (1) year from the date of sale as to materials, three (3) years for structural damage and six (6) months as to labor, and offers services for other required repairs and maintenance. Service is rendered by repairing or replacing parts at the Company’s Jacksonville, Florida facility, by on-site service provided by Company personnel who are based in Jacksonville, Florida or by local service agents who are engaged as needed. The Company maintains an accrued liability for expected warranty claims. The warranty accrual is based on historical warranty costs, the quantity and types of balers currently under warranty, and known warranty issues.

Following is a tabular reconciliation of the changes in the warranty accrual for the six-month period ended April 30:

	2020			2019
Beginning balance	$	60,000		$	80,000
Warranty service provided		(71,803	)		(59,243	)
New product warranties		27,101			38,587
Changes to pre-existing warranty accruals		34,702			10,656
Ending balance	$	50,000		$	70,000

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(d) Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short term certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and customer deposits, approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

Advertising Expenses

(e) Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $49,989 and $67,844 for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in selling expense on the accompanying Condensed Statements of Income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(f) Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 establishing Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. The Company adopted this standard effective November 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which requires applying the new standard to all existing contracts not yet completed as of the effective date and recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Based on an evaluation of the impact ASC 606 the Company concluded that ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the process for, timing of, and presentation and disclosure of revenue recognition from customers therefore the Company did not record a cumulative transition adjustment.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases. All leases will be required to be recorded on the balance sheet with the exception of short-term leases. Early application is permitted. The guidance must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method. ASU 2016-02 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. ASU 2016-02 was adopted in our fiscal year beginning November 1, 2019. The Company has concluded that ASU 2016-02 had no effect on our financial statements and related disclosures as we are not party to a significant number of leases.