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Asset Retirement Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd and PECO)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Asset Retirement Obligations [Abstract]  
Asset Retirement Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd and PECO)

12.    Asset Retirement Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd and PECO)

 

Nuclear Decommissioning Asset Retirement Obligations

Generation has a legal obligation to decommission its nuclear power plants following the expiration of their operating licenses. To estimate its decommissioning obligation related to its nuclear generating stations, Generation uses a probability-weighted, discounted cash flow model which, on a unit-by-unit basis, considers multiple outcome scenarios that include significant estimates and assumptions, and are based on decommissioning cost studies, cost escalation rates, probabilistic cash flow models and discount rates. The following table provides a rollforward of the nuclear decommissioning ARO reflected on Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011:

  Exelon and Generation
Nuclear decommissioning ARO at January 1, 2010$3,260
Accretion expense 191
Net increase due to changes in estimated future cash flows 624
Extinguishment of Zion Station ARO (768)
Costs incurred to decommission retired plants (31)
    
Nuclear decommissioning ARO at December 31, 2010 (a) 3,276
Accretion expense 209
Net increase due to changes in estimated future cash flows 198
Costs incurred to decommission retired plants (3)
    
Nuclear decommissioning ARO at December 31, 2011 (a)$3,680

__________

(a) Includes $ 5 million as the current portion of the ARO at December 31, 2011 and 2010, which is included in other current liabilities on Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

During 2011, Generation recorded a net increase in the ARO of $ 404 million primarily due to increases for accretion and an increase in the estimated costs to decommission the Oyster Creek and Zion nuclear units resulting from the completion of updated decommissioning cost studies received in 2011 and an increase in the expected long-term escalation rates for energy, partially offset by decreases in long-term escalation rates for labor and other costs as compared to prior study periods. The increase in the Zion nuclear unit ARO resulted in $28 million of expense, which is included in Exelon and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, as the Zion nuclear unit is retired, and as such, is unable to record increases to the ARO through an ARC. Additionally, the Zion nuclear unit is not subject to a regulatory agreement that would provide for offset of the expense.

 

During 2010, Generation recorded a net increase in the ARO of $16 million, primarily reflecting ZionSolutions' assumption of decommissioning and other liabilities for Zion Station (see discussion below); and increases for accretion and for updates to estimated future cash flows across all of Generation's units.  Changes in estimated future cash flows increased the ARO by $ 624 million, including approximately $200 million associated with the accelerated timing of the Zion Station decommissioning.  The remainder of the increase is the result of cost study estimate updates and the change in timing of general decommissioning activities at select sites in Generation's nuclear fleet, including revisions to the timing and amount of SNF disposal; partially offset by the impacts of lower escalation rates.  This change in the ARO resulted in an immaterial impact to Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

 

Zion Station Decommissioning

 

On September 1, 2010, Generation completed an Asset Sale Agreement (ASA) with EnergySolutions Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, EnergySolutions, LLC. (EnergySolutions) and ZionSolutions under which ZionSolutions has assumed responsibility for decommissioning Zion Station, which is located in Zion, Illinois and ceased operation in 1998. Specifically, Generation transferred to ZionSolutions substantially all of the assets (other than land) associated with Zion Station, including assets held in related NDT funds. In consideration for Generation's transfer of those assets, ZionSolutions assumed decommissioning and other liabilities associated with Zion Station. Pursuant to the ASA, ZionSolutions can periodically request reimbursement from the Zion Station-related NDT funds for costs incurred related to the decommissioning efforts at Zion Station. On July 14, 2011, three people filed a purported class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois naming ZionSolutions and Bank of New York Mellon as defendants and seeking, among other things, an accounting for use of NDT funds, an injunction against the use of NDT funds, the appointment of a trustee for the NDT funds, and the return of NDT funds to customers of ComEd to the extent legally entitled thereto. ZionSolutions and Bank of New York Mellon filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on September 13, 2011.

ZionSolutions is subject to certain restrictions on its ability to request reimbursements from the Zion Station NDT funds as defined within the ASA. Therefore, the transfer of the Zion Station assets did not qualify for asset sale accounting treatment and, as a result, the related NDT funds were reclassified to pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning within Generation and Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets and will continue to be measured in the same manner as prior to the completion of the transaction. Additionally, the transferred ARO for decommissioning was replaced with a payable to ZionSolutions in Generation and Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the value of the Zion Station NDT assets, net of applicable taxes, will be recorded as a change in the payable to ZionSolutions. At no point will the payable to ZionSolutions exceed the project budget of the costs remaining to decommission Zion Station. Any Zion Station NDT funds remaining after the completion of all decommissioning activities will be returned to ComEd customers. Generation has retained its obligation to transfer the SNF at Zion Station to the DOE for ultimate disposal and has a liability of approximately $65 million and $34 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which is included within the nuclear decommissioning ARO. Generation also has retained NDT assets to fund its obligation to maintain and transfer the SNF at Zion Station. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the carrying value of the Zion Station pledged assets was approximately $734 million and $824 million, respectively, and the payable to Zion Solutions was approximately $691 million and $786 million, respectively. The payable excludes a liability recorded within Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the tax obligation on the unrealized activity associated with the Zion Station NDT funds. The NDT funds will be utilized to satisfy the tax obligations as gains and losses are realized. The current portion of the payable to ZionSolutions, included in other current liabilities within Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $128 million and $127 million, respectively. ZionSolutions withdrew approximately $143 million and $5 million for Zion Station decommissioning costs during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

ZionSolutions leased the land associated with Zion Station from Generation pursuant to a Lease Agreement. Under the Lease Agreement, ZionSolutions has committed to complete the required decommissioning work according to an established schedule and will construct a dry cask storage facility on the land for the SNF currently held in SNF pools at Zion Station. Rent payable under the Lease Agreement is $1.00 per year, although the Lease Agreement requires ZionSolutions to pay property taxes associated with Zion Station and penalty rents may accrue if there are unexcused delays in the progress of decommissioning work at Zion Station or the construction of the dry cask SNF storage facility. To reduce the risk of default by EnergySolutions or ZionSolutions, EnergySolutions provided a $200 million letter of credit to be used to fund decommissioning costs in the event the NDT assets are insufficient. EnergySolutions has also provided a performance guarantee and entered into other agreements that will provide rights and remedies for Generation and the NRC in the case of other specified events of default, including a special purpose easement for disposal capacity at the EnergySolutions site in Clive, Utah, for all LLRW volume of Zion Station.

 

Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund Investments

 

NDT funds have been established for each generating station unit to satisfy Generation's nuclear decommissioning obligations. NDT funds established for a particular unit may not be used to fund the decommissioning obligations of any other unit.

 

The NDT funds associated with the former ComEd, former PECO and former AmerGen units have been funded with amounts collected from ComEd customers, PECO customers and the previous owners of the former AmerGen plants, respectively. Based on an ICC order, ComEd ceased collecting amounts from its customers to pay for decommissioning costs. PECO currently collects funds, in revenues, for decommissioning the former PECO nuclear plants through regulated rates, and these collections are expected to continue through the operating lives of the plants. The amounts collected from PECO customers are remitted to Generation and deposited into the NDT funds. Every five years, PECO files a rate adjustment with the PAPUC reflecting updated fund balances and estimated decommissioning costs. The most recent rate adjustment occurred on January 1, 2008 and the effective rates currently yield annual collections of $29 million. The next five-year adjustment is expected to be reflected in rates charged to PECO customers effective January 1, 2013. With respect to the former AmerGen units, Generation does not collect any amounts, nor is there any mechanism by which Generation can seek to collect additional amounts, from customers. Apart from the contributions made to the NDT funds from amounts collected from ComEd and PECO customers, Generation has not made contributions to the NDT funds.

 

Any shortfall of funds necessary for decommissioning, determined for each generating station unit, is ultimately required to be funded by Generation. Generation has recourse to collect additional amounts from PECO customers related to a shortfall of NDT funds for the former PECO units, subject to certain limitations and thresholds, as prescribed by an order from the PAPUC. Generally, PECO will not be allowed to collect amounts associated with the first $50 million of any shortfall of trust funds, on an aggregate basis for all former PECO units, compared to decommissioning obligations, as well as 5% of any additional shortfalls. This initial $50 million and up to 5% of any additional shortfalls would be borne by Generation. No recourse exists to collect additional amounts from ComEd customers for the former ComEd units or from the previous owners of the former AmerGen units. With respect to the former ComEd and PECO units, any funds remaining in the NDTs after decommissioning has been completed are required to be refunded to ComEd's or PECO's customers, subject to certain limitations that allow sharing of excess funds with Generation related to the former PECO units. With respect to the former AmerGen units, Generation retains any funds remaining in the NDTs after decommissioning.

 

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, Exelon and Generation had NDT fund investments totaling $6,507 million and $6,408 million, respectively.

 

During 2011, the NDT fixed income strategy shifted from solely core fixed income investments to a blend of Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS), investment-grade corporate credit and short-term corporate lending.  There was no change in the equity investment strategy. At December 31, 2011, approximately 48% of the funds were invested in equity securities and 52% were invested in fixed income securities. At December 31, 2010, approximately 57% of the funds were invested in equity securities and 43% were invested in fixed income securities.

 

Securities Lending Program. Generation's NDT funds currently participate in a securities lending program with the funds' trustees. Under the program, securities loaned by the trustees are required to be collateralized by cash, U.S. Government securities or irrevocable bank letters of credit. Initial collateral levels are no less than 102% and 105% of the market value of the borrowed securities for collateral denominated in U.S. and foreign currency, respectively. Subsequent collateral levels must be maintained at a level no less than 100% of the market value of borrowed securities. Cash collateral received may not be sold or re-pledged by the trustees unless the borrower defaults.

 

In the fourth quarter of 2008, Exelon decided to end its participation in this securities lending program and initiated a gradual withdrawal of the trusts' investments in order to minimize potential losses due to liquidity constraints in the market. Currently, the weighted average maturity of the securities within the collateral pools is approximately 13 months. The fair value of securities on loan was approximately $20 million and $51 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The fair value of cash and non-cash collateral received for these loaned securities was $19 million and $51 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. A portion of the income generated through the investment of cash collateral is remitted to the borrowers, and the remainder is allocated between the trusts and the trustees in their capacity as security agents.

 

NRC Minimum Funding Requirements. NRC regulations require that licensees of nuclear generating facilities demonstrate reasonable assurance that funds will be available in specified minimum amounts to decommission the facility at the end of its life. The estimated decommissioning obligations as calculated using the NRC methodology differ from the ARO recorded on Generation's and Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets primarily due to differences in the types of costs included in the estimates, the basis for estimating such costs, and assumptions regarding the decommissioning alternatives to be used, potential license renewals, decommissioning cost escalation, and the growth rate in the NDT funds. Under NRC regulations, if the minimum funding requirements calculated under the NRC methodology are less than the future value of the NDT funds, also calculated under the NRC methodology, then the NRC requires either further funding or other financial guarantees.

 

Key assumptions used in the minimum funding calculation using the NRC methodology at December 31, 2011 include: (1) consideration of costs only for the removal of radiological contamination at each unit; (2) the option on a unit-by-unit basis to use generic, non-site specific cost estimates; (3) consideration of only one decommissioning scenario for each unit; (4) the plants cease operation at the end of their current license lives (with no assumed license renewals for those units that have not already received renewals and with an assumed end-of-operations date of 2019 for Oyster Creek); (5) the assumption of current nominal dollar cost estimates that are neither escalated through the anticipated period of decommissioning, nor discounted using the CARFR; and (6) assumed annual after-tax returns on the NDT funds of 2% (3% for the former PECO units, as specified by the PAPUC).

 

In contrast, the key criteria and assumptions used by Generation to determine the ARO and to forecast the target growth in the NDT funds at December 31, 2011 include: (1) the use of site specific cost estimates that are updated at least once every five years; (2) the inclusion in the ARO estimate of all legally unavoidable costs required to decommission the unit (e.g., radiological decommissioning and full site restoration for certain units, on-site spent fuel maintenance and storage subsequent to ceasing operations and until DOE acceptance, and disposal of certain low-level radioactive waste); (3) the consideration of multiple scenarios where decommissioning activities are completed under three possible scenarios ranging from 10 to 70 years after the cessation of plant operations; (4) the assumption plants cease operating at the end of an extended license life (assuming 20-year license renewal extensions, except Oyster Creek with an assumed end-of-operations date of 2019); (5) the measurement of the obligation at the present value of the future estimated costs and an annual average accretion of the ARO of approximately 6.1% through a period of approximately 30 years after the end of the extended lives of the units; and (6) an estimated targeted annual pre-tax return on the NDT funds of 5.6% to 6.7% (as compared to a historical 5-year annual average pre-tax return of approximately 3.6%).

 

Generation is required to provide to the NRC a biennial report by unit (annually for units that have been retired or are within five years of the current approved license life), based on values as of December 31, addressing Generation's ability to meet the NRC minimum funding levels. Depending on the value of the trust funds, Generation may be required to take steps, such as providing financial guarantees through letters of credit or parent company guarantees or make additional contributions to the trusts, which could be significant, to ensure that the trusts are adequately funded and that NRC minimum funding requirements are met. As a result, Exelon's and Generation's cash flows and financial position may be significantly adversely affected.

 

On March 10, 2010, Generation notified the NRC that it had provided additional decommissioning funding assurance for its Byron Unit 2 and Braidwood Units 1 and 2 NDT funds with the establishment of approximately $44 million in parent guarantees in accordance with a plan submitted by Generation to the NRC on July 29, 2009. On May 26, 2010, the NRC notified Generation that additional parent guarantees may be required to meet the future value of the underfunded position. During the third quarter of 2010, Generation established approximately $175 million in additional parent guarantees.

 

On March 31, 2011, Generation, in its NRC-required biennial decommissioning funding status report, notified the NRC that adequate decommissioning funding assurance existed as of December 31, 2010 for Byron Unit 2 and Braidwood Units 1 and 2, without taking credit for any additional funding assurance provided by the parent guarantees, and Generation provided notice of its intention to cancel the parent guarantees following expiration of the NRC required notice period. Accordingly, Generation cancelled these parent guarantees on August 6, 2011. Additionally, in the March 31, 2011 report, Generation provided data from which the NRC concluded that the amount of decommissioning funding as of December 31, 2010 for Limerick Unit 1 was less than the amount required by the NRC's regulations. As Generation noted in its March 31, 2011 report, the funding mechanism used as the source of revenues for the Limerick Unit 1 NDT funds is a non-bypassable charge approved by the PAPUC authorizing PECO to continue to collect decommissioning funds from ratepayers for Generation. Generation is currently evaluating several options for addressing NRC funding assurance requirements. These options will not result in an increase to the non-bypassable charge and may include other financial guarantees, such as a parent company guarantee. Every five years, PECO files a cost adjustment with the PAPUC reflecting updated fund balances and estimated decommissioning costs. The next cost adjustment filing will be made in March 2012 and will be effective January 1, 2013.

 

As the future values of trust funds change due to market conditions, the NRC minimum funding status of Generation's units will change. In addition, if changes occur to the regulatory agreement with the PAPUC that currently allows amounts to be collected from PECO customers for decommissioning the former PECO nuclear plants, the NRC minimum funding status of those plants could change at subsequent NRC filing dates.

 

 

Accounting Implications of the Regulatory Agreements with ComEd and PECO.    Based on the regulatory agreement with the ICC that dictates Generation's obligations related to the shortfall or excess of NDT funds necessary for decommissioning the former ComEd units on a unit-by-unit basis, as long as funds held in the NDT funds exceed the total estimated decommissioning obligation, decommissioning-related activities, including realized and unrealized gains and losses on the NDT funds and accretion of the decommissioning obligation, are generally offset within Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The offset of decommissioning-related activities within the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income results in an equal adjustment to the noncurrent payables to affiliates at Generation and an adjustment to the regulatory liabilities at Exelon. Likewise, ComEd has recorded an equal noncurrent affiliate receivable from Generation and corresponding regulatory liability. Should the value of the NDT fund for any former ComEd unit fall below the amount of the estimated decommissioning obligation for that unit, the accounting to offset decommissioning-related activities in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for that unit would be discontinued, the decommissioning-related activities would be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income and the adverse impact to Exelon's and Generation's results of operations and financial position could be material. At December 31, 2011, the NDT funds of each of the former ComEd units exceeded the related decommissioning obligation for each of the units. For the purposes of making this determination, the decommissioning obligation referred to is the ARO reflected on Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2011 and is different, as described above, from the calculation used in the NRC minimum funding obligation filings based on NRC guidelines.

 

Based on the regulatory agreement supported by the PAPUC that dictates Generation's rights and obligations related to the shortfall or excess of trust funds necessary for decommissioning the seven former PECO nuclear units, regardless of whether the funds held in the NDT funds exceed or fall short of the total estimated decommissioning obligation, decommissioning-related activities are generally offset within Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The offset of decommissioning-related activities within the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income results in an equal adjustment to the noncurrent payables to affiliates at Generation and an adjustment to the regulatory liabilities at Exelon. Likewise, PECO has recorded an equal noncurrent affiliate receivable from Generation and a corresponding regulatory liability. Any changes to the PECO regulatory agreements could impact Exelon's and Generation's ability to offset decommissioning-related activities within the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income, and the impact to Exelon's and Generation's results of operations and financial position could be material.

The decommissioning-related activities related to the Clinton, Oyster Creek and Three Mile Island nuclear plants (the former AmerGen units) and the portions of the Peach Bottom nuclear plants that are not subject to regulatory agreements with respect to the NDT funds are reflected in Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, as there are no regulatory agreements associated with these units.

Refer to Note 19 - Supplemental Financial Information and Note 21 - Related Party Transactions for information regarding regulatory liabilities at ComEd and PECO and intercompany balances between Generation, ComEd and PECO reflecting the obligation to refund to customers any decommissioning-related assets in excess of the related decommissioning obligations.

 

The following table provides unrealized gains (losses) on NDT funds for 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 

  Exelon and Generation
 For the Years Ended December 31,
  2011 2010 2009
          
Net unrealized gains (losses) on decommissioning         
 trust funds — Regulatory Agreement Units (a) (b)$(74) $294 $799
Net unrealized gains (losses) on decommissioning         
 trust funds — Non-Regulatory Agreement Units (c) (4)  104  227

__________

(a)       Gains related to Generation's NDT funds associated with Regulatory Agreement Units are included in regulatory liabilities on Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets and noncurrent payables to affiliates on Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(b)       Excludes $48 million and $20 million of gains related to the Zion Station pledged assets in 2011 and 2010. Gains related to Zion Station pledged assets are included in the payable for Zion Station decommissioning on Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(c)       Gains related to Generation's NDT funds associated with Non-Regulatory Agreement Units are included within Other, net in Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.       

 

Interest and dividends on NDT fund investments are recognized when earned and are included in Other, net in Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Interest and dividends earned on the NDT fund investments for the Regulatory Agreement Units, which are subject to regulatory accounting, are eliminated within Other, net in Exelon's and Generation's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

 

Non-Nuclear Asset Retirement Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, and PECO)

 

Generation has AROs for plant closure costs associated with its fossil, hydroelectric and renewable generating stations, including asbestos abatement, removal of certain storage tanks, restoring leased land to the condition it was in prior to construction of renewable generating stations and other decommissioning-related activities. ComEd and PECO have AROs primarily associated with the abatement and disposal of equipment and buildings contaminated with asbestos and PCBs. See Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the Registrants' accounting policy for AROs.

 

The following table presents the activityprovides a rollforward of the non-nuclear AROs reflected on the Registrants' Consolidated Balance Sheets from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011:

 

  Exelon Generation  ComEd  PECO
             
Non-nuclear AROs at January 1, 2010$ 191 $ 73 $ 95 $ 24
Net increase (decrease) resulting from updates           
 to estimated future cash flows (a)  13   (3)   8   8
Accretion expense (b)  9   3   4   1
Acquisition of Exelon Wind (c)  13   13    
Payments  (3)     (2)   (1)
             
Non-nuclear AROs at December 31, 2010  223   86   105   32
Net increase (decrease) resulting from updates           
 to estimated future cash flows (a)  (19)   2   (17)   (4)
New development projects  2   2    
Accretion expense (b)  8   4   3   1
Payments  (5)   (2)   (2)   (1)
             
Non-nuclear AROs at December 31, 2011$ 209 $ 92 $ 89 $ 28

 

  • ComEd and PECO recorded reductions in operating and maintenance expense of $10 million and $1 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2010 and PECO recorded a reduction in operating and maintenance expense of $3 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 relating to updates to estimated future cash flows.
  • For ComEd and PECO, the majority of the accretion is recorded as an increase to a regulatory asset due to the associated regulatory treatment.
  • Refer to Note 3 - Acquisition for additional information regarding Exelon Wind..