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Intangible Assets and Liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets and Liabilities Intangible Assets and Liabilities
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization (accretion) of our intangible assets and liabilities, other than goodwill, were as follows:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
In thousandsGrossAccumulated
(Amortization) Accretion		NetGrossAccumulated
(Amortization) Accretion		Net
Intangible Assets
Core-developed technology$505,429 $(491,047)$14,382 $525,051 $(498,113)$26,938 
Customer contracts and relationships336,421 (261,043)75,378 383,245 (280,497)102,748 
Trademarks and trade names74,551 (72,133)2,418 79,716 (76,912)2,804 
Other12,021 (11,670)351 12,025 (11,560)465 
Total intangible assets$928,422 $(835,893)$92,529 $1,000,037 $(867,082)$132,955 
Intangible Liabilities
Customer contracts and relationships$(23,900)$23,441 $(459)$(23,900)$21,479 $(2,421)

A summary of intangible assets and liabilities activity is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
In thousands20212020
Intangible assets, gross beginning balance$1,000,037 $979,814 
Intangible assets acquired2,059 — 
Intangible assets reclassified to held for sale(39,089)— 
Intangible assets disposed in sale of business— (18,140)
Effect of change in exchange rates(34,585)38,363 
Intangible assets, gross ending balance$928,422 $1,000,037 
Intangible liabilities, gross beginning balance$(23,900)$(23,900)
Effect of change in exchange rates— — 
Intangible liabilities, gross ending balance$(23,900)$(23,900)
Assumed intangible liabilities reflect the present value of the projected cash outflows for an existing contract where remaining costs are expected to exceed projected revenues.

On October 12, 2021, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the shares of SELC Group Limited (SELC), a private limited company incorporated in Ireland. SELC was previously a technology supplier to Itron. The acquisition provides value to Itron through the leverage of SELC's streetlight controls technology coupled with Itron's Smart Cities network and software platform. The acquisition will increase the pace of Smart City growth and innovation within Itron's Networked Solutions business for the benefit of our customers. The purchase was funded through cash on hand and resulted in the additions of intangible assets of $2.1 million and goodwill. Refer to Note 5: Goodwill for additional information on goodwill.

On November 2, 2021, Itron entered into an agreement to sell certain of its Gas device businesses and operations to Dresser. The asset disposal group, which includes $3.4 million of net intangible assets, was classified as held for sale during the fourth quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 18: Sale of Businesses for additional information on the transaction.

The disposal of intangible assets in 2020 was related to the sale of our Latin America business. The net book value of these assets was $0.8 million at the disposal date. Refer to Note 18: Sale of Businesses for additional information on the transaction.

Estimated future annual amortization (accretion) is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,AmortizationAccretionEstimated Annual Amortization, net
In thousands
2022$26,688 $(459)$26,229 
202319,285 — 19,285 
202415,289 — 15,289 
202514,499 — 14,499 
202610,432 — 10,432 
Thereafter6,336 — 6,336 
Total intangible assets subject to amortization (accretion)$92,529 $(459)$92,070 

Amortization ExpenseYear Ended December 31,
In thousands202120202019
Amortization expense$35,801 $44,711 $64,286 

We have recognized amortization expense within operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These expenses relate to intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of business combinations.