Derivative Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

As part of our risk management strategy, we use derivative instruments to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Refer to "Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 14: Shareholders' Equity", and "Note 15: Fair Values of Financial Instruments" for additional disclosures on our derivative instruments.

The fair values of our derivative instruments are determined using the income approach and significant other observable inputs (also known as "Level 2"). We have used observable market inputs based on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument. The key inputs include interest rate yield curves (swap rates and futures) and foreign exchange spot and forward rates, all of which are available in an active market. We have utilized the mid-market pricing convention for these inputs. We include, as a discount to the derivative asset, the effect of our counterparty credit risk based on current published credit default swap rates when the net fair value of our derivative instruments is in a net asset position. We consider our own nonperformance risk when the net fair value of our derivative instruments is in a net liability position by discounting our derivative liabilities to reflect the potential credit risk to our counterparty through applying a current market indicative credit spread to all cash flows.

The fair values of our derivative instruments are as follows:



		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017

Derivatives Asset		(in thousands)

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under Subtopic ASC 815-20
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current assets	$	1,866	$	658
Interest rate cap contracts	Other current assets	535		17
Cross currency swap contract	Other current assets	1,631		—
Interest rate swap contracts	Other long-term assets	746		1,712
Interest rate cap contracts	Other long-term assets	251		179
Cross currency swap contract	Other long-term assets	1,339		—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under Subtopic ASC 815-20
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other current assets	157		41
Interest rate cap contracts	Other current assets	—		25
Interest rate cap contracts	Other long-term assets	—		268
Total asset derivatives		$	6,525	$	2,900


Derivatives Liabilities

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under Subtopic ASC 815-20
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other current liabilities	$	337	$	289

The change in AOCI, net of tax, for our derivative and nonderivative instruments designated as hedging instruments, net of tax, were as follows:



	2018			2017			2016

	(in thousands)
Net unrealized loss on hedging instruments at January 1,	$	(13,414	)	$	(14,337	)	$	(14,062	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments	2,586			360			(1,087		)
Realized (gains) losses reclassified into net income (loss)	(2,351		)	563			812
Net unrealized loss on hedging instruments at December 31,	$	(13,179	)	$	(13,414	)	$	(14,337	)

Reclassification of amounts related to hedging instruments are included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Included in the net unrealized gain (loss) on hedging instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is a loss of $14.4 million, net of tax, related to our nonderivative net investment hedge, which terminated in 2011. This loss on our net investment hedge will remain in AOCI until such time as earnings are impacted by a sale or liquidation of the associated foreign operation.

A summary of the potential effect of netting arrangements on our financial position related to the offsetting of our recognized derivative assets and liabilities under master netting arrangements or similar agreements is as follows:



Offsetting of Derivative Assets
			Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Derivative Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount

	(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	$	6,525	$	(103	)	$	—	$	6,422

December 31, 2017	$	2,900	$	(90	)	$	—	$	2,810



Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
			Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Derivative Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount

	(in thousands)
December 31, 2018	$	337	$	(103	)	$	—	$	234

December 31, 2017	$	289	$	(90	)	$	—	$	199

Our derivative assets and liabilities subject to netting arrangements consist of foreign exchange forward and interest rate contracts with five counterparties at December 31, 2018 and three counterparties at December 31, 2017. No derivative asset or liability balance with any of our counterparties was individually significant at December 31, 2018 or 2017. Our derivative contracts with each of these counterparties exist under agreements that provide for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default. We have no pledges of cash collateral against our obligations and we have not received pledges of cash collateral from our counterparties under the associated derivative contracts.

Cash Flow Hedges

As a result of our floating rate debt, we are exposed to variability in our cash flows from changes in the applicable interest rate index. We enter into interest rate caps and swaps to reduce the variability of cash flows from increases in the LIBOR based borrowing rates on our floating rate credit facility. These instruments do not protect us from changes to the applicable margin under our credit facility. At December 31, 2018, our LIBOR-based debt balance was $637.8 million.

In October 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap, which is effective from August 31, 2016 to June 23, 2020, and converts $214 million of our LIBOR based debt from a floating LIBOR interest rate to a fixed interest rate of 1.42% (excluding the applicable margin on the debt). The notional balance will amortize to maturity at the same rate as required minimum payments on our term loan. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (OCI) and are recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The amounts paid or received on the hedge are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense along with the earnings effect of the hedged item. The amount of net gains (loss) expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months is $1.9 million.

In November 2015, we entered into three interest rate cap contracts with a total notional amount of $100 million at a cost of $1.7 million. The interest rate cap contracts expire on June 23, 2020 and were entered into in order to limit our interest rate exposure on $100 million of our variable LIBOR based debt up to 2.00%. In the event LIBOR is higher than 2.00%, we will pay interest at the capped rate of 2.00% with respect to the $100 million notional amount of such agreements. The interest rate cap contracts do not include the effect of the applicable margin. As of December 31, 2016, due to the accelerated revolver payments from surplus cash, we elected to de-designate two of the interest rate cap contracts as cash flow hedges and discontinued the use of cash flow hedge accounting. The amounts recognized in AOCI from de-designated interest rate cap contracts were maintained in AOCI as the forecasted transactions were still probable to occur, and subsequent changes in fair value were recognized within interest expense. In April 2018, due to increases in our total LIBOR-based debt, we elected to re-designate the two interest rate cap contracts as cash flow hedges. Future changes in the fair value of these instruments will be recognized as a component of OCI, and these changes together with amounts previously maintained in AOCI will be recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The amounts paid or received on the hedge are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense along with the earnings effect of the hedged item. The amount of net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings for all interest rate cap contracts in the next 12 months is $0.2 million.

In April 2018, we entered into a cross-currency swap which converts $56.0 million of floating LIBOR-based U.S. Dollar denominated debt into 1.38% fixed rate euro denominated debt. This cross-currency swap matures on April 30, 2021 and mitigates the risk associated with fluctuations in currency rates impacting cash flows related to U.S. Dollar denominated debt in a euro functional currency entity. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swap are recognized as a component of OCI and will be recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The amounts paid or received on the hedge are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense along with the earnings effect of the hedged item. The amount of net gains expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months is $1.6 million.

The before-tax effects of our accounting for derivative instruments designated as hedges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:



Derivatives in Subtopic ASC 815-20 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative								Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative								Location	Amount
	2018		2017			2016				2018			2017			2016

	(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Interest rate swap contracts	$	1,306	$	768		$	(1,163	)	Interest expense	$	1,065		$	(706	)	$	(1,296	)
Interest rate cap contracts	18		(183		)	(605		)	Interest expense	(439		)	(210		)	(27		)
Cross currency swap contract	1,584		—			—			Interest expense	949			—			—
Cross currency swap contract	—		—			—			Other income (expense), net	932			—			—

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Relationships

We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk when we enter into non-functional currency transactions, both intercompany and third-party. At each period-end, non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities are revalued with the change recognized to other income and expense. We enter into monthly foreign exchange forward contracts, which are not designated for hedge accounting, with the intent to reduce earnings volatility associated with currency exposures. As of December 31, 2018, a total of 57 contracts were offsetting our exposures from the Euro, Pound Sterling, New Zealand dollar, Swedish Krona, Hungarian Forint and various other currencies, with notional amounts ranging from $107,000 to $47.5 million.

The effect of our derivative instruments not designated as hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was as follows:



Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instrument under Subtopic ASC 815-20	Location	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
		2018		2017			2016

		(in thousands)
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	3,448	$	(6,281	)	$	537
Interest rate cap contracts	Interest expense	377		(274		)	129

We will continue to monitor and assess our interest rate and foreign exchange risk and may institute additional derivative instruments to manage such risk in the future.