Derivative Financial Instruments

As part of our risk management strategy, we use derivative instruments to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Refer to Note 13 and Note 14 for additional disclosures on our derivative instruments.

The fair values of our derivative instruments are determined using the income approach and significant other observable inputs (also known as “Level 2”). We have used observable market inputs based on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument. The key inputs include interest rate yield curves (swap rates and futures) and foreign exchange spot and forward rates, all of which are available in an active market. We have utilized the mid-market pricing convention for these inputs. We include, as a discount to the derivative asset, the effect of our counterparty credit risk based on current published credit default swap rates when the net fair value of our derivative instruments is in a net asset position. We consider our own nonperformance risk when the net fair value of our derivative instruments is in a net liability position by discounting our derivative liabilities to reflect the potential credit risk to our counterparty through applying a current market indicative credit spread to all cash flows.

The fair values of our derivative instruments were as follows:



		Fair Value
Asset Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20		(in thousands)
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current assets	$	68	$	—
Interest rate cap contracts	Other current assets	7		3
Interest rate swap contracts	Other long-term assets	1,209		1,830
Interest rate cap contracts	Other long-term assets	147		376
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other current assets	96		169
Interest rate cap contracts	Other current assets	10		4
Interest rate cap contracts	Other long-term assets	220		563
Total asset derivatives		$	1,757	$	2,945

Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	934
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other current liabilities	554		449
Total liability derivatives		$	554	$	1,383

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, for our derivative and nonderivative hedging instruments, were as follows:



	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Net unrealized loss on hedging instruments at January 1,	$	(14,337	)	$	(14,062	)
Unrealized loss on hedging instruments	(295		)	(3,709		)
Realized losses reclassified into net income	482			519
Net unrealized loss on hedging instruments at September 30,	$	(14,150	)	$	(17,252	)

Reclassification of amounts related to hedging instruments are included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Included in the net unrealized loss on hedging instruments at September 30, 2017 and 2016 is a loss of $14.4 million, net of tax, related to our nonderivative net investment hedge, which terminated in 2011. This loss on our net investment hedge will remain in AOCI until such time when earnings are impacted by a sale or liquidation of the associated foreign operation.

A summary of the effect of netting arrangements on our financial position related to the offsetting of our recognized derivative assets and liabilities under master netting arrangements or similar agreements is as follows:



Offsetting of Derivative Assets	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
			Derivative Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
	(in thousands)
September 30, 2017	$	1,757	$	(223	)	$	—	$	1,534

December 31, 2016	$	2,945	$	(1,322	)	$	—	$	1,623



Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
			Derivative Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
	(in thousands)
September 30, 2017	$	554	$	(223	)	$	—	$	331

December 31, 2016	$	1,383	$	(1,322	)	$	—	$	61

Our derivative assets and liabilities subject to netting arrangements consist of foreign exchange forward and interest rate contracts with three counterparties at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. No derivative asset or liability balance with any of our counterparties was individually significant at September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. Our derivative contracts with each of these counterparties exist under agreements that provide for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default. We have no pledges of cash collateral against our obligations nor have we received pledges of cash collateral from our counterparties under the associated derivative contracts.

Cash Flow Hedges

As a result of our floating rate debt, we are exposed to variability in our cash flows from changes in the applicable interest rate index. We enter into swaps to achieve a fixed rate of interest on a portion of our debt in order to increase our ability to forecast interest expense. The objective of these swaps is to reduce the variability of cash flows from increases in the LIBOR based borrowing rates on our floating rate credit facility. The swaps do not protect us from changes to the applicable margin under our credit facility.

In May 2012, we entered into six interest rate swaps, which were effective July 31, 2013 and expired on August 8, 2016, to convert $200 million of our LIBOR based debt from a floating LIBOR interest rate to a fixed interest rate of 1.00% (excluding the applicable margin on the debt). The cash flow hedges were expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk through the term of the hedge. Consequently, effective changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps were recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) and recognized in earnings when the hedged item affected earnings. The amounts paid on the hedges were recognized as adjustments to interest expense.

In October 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap, which is effective from August 31, 2016 to June 23, 2020, and converts $214 million of our LIBOR based debt from a floating LIBOR interest rate to a fixed interest rate of 1.42% (excluding the applicable margin on the debt). The notional balance will amortize to maturity at the same rate as required minimum payments on our term loan. The cash flow hedge is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk through the term of the hedge. Consequently, effective changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are recognized as a component of OCI and will be recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The amounts paid or received on the hedge will be recognized as an adjustment to interest expense. The amount of net gains expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months is $0.1 million. At September 30, 2017, our LIBOR-based debt balance was $258.3 million.

In November 2015, we entered into three interest rate cap contracts with a total notional amount of $100 million at a cost of $1.7 million. The interest rate cap contracts expire on June 23, 2020 and were entered into in order to limit our interest rate exposure on $100 million of our variable LIBOR based debt up to 2.00%. In the event LIBOR is higher than 2.00%, we will pay interest at the capped rate of 2.00% with respect to the $100 million notional amount of such agreements. The interest rate cap contracts do not include the effect of the applicable margin. As of December 31, 2016, due to the accelerated revolver payments from surplus cash, we elected to de-designate two of the interest rate cap contracts as cash flow hedges and discontinued the use of cash flow hedge accounting. The amounts recognized in AOCI from de-designated interest rate cap contracts will continue to be reported in AOCI unless it is not probable that the forecasted transactions will occur. As a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedge accounting, all subsequent changes in fair value of the de-designated derivative instruments are recognized within interest expense instead of OCI. The amount of net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings for all interest rate cap contracts in the next 12 months is $0.3 million.

The before-tax effects of our derivative instruments designated as hedges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:



Derivatives in ASC 815-20 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)						Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion)							Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion)
Derivatives in ASC 815-20 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships							Location	Amount						Location	Amount
	2017			2016				2017			2016				2017		2016
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30,
Interest rate swap contracts	$	81		$	641		Interest expense	$	(92	)	$	(273	)	Interest expense	$	—	$	—
Interest rate cap contracts	(24		)	(31		)	Interest expense	(55		)	(6		)	Interest expense	—		(1		)

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Interest rate swap contracts	$	(255	)	$	(4,910	)	Interest expense	$	(637	)	$	(839	)	Interest expense	$	—	$	—
Interest rate cap contracts	(225		)	(1,121		)	Interest expense	(148		)	(6		)	Interest expense	—		(1		)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Relationships

We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk when we enter into non-functional currency transactions, both intercompany and third party. At each period-end, non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities are revalued with the change recognized to other income and expense. We enter into monthly foreign exchange forward contracts, which are not designated for hedge accounting, with the intent to reduce earnings volatility associated with currency exposures. As of September 30, 2017, a total of 54 contracts were offsetting our exposures from the euro, Saudi Riyal, Indian Rupee, Chinese Yuan, Indonesian Rupiah, and various other currencies, with notional amounts ranging from $0.1 million to $50.6 million.

The effect of our derivative instruments not designated as hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was as follows:



Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instrument under ASC 815-20	Location	Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives in Other Income (Expense)
		2017			2016
Three Months Ended September 30,		(in thousands)
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	(1,760	)	$	(559	)
Interest rate cap contracts	Interest expense	(36		)	—

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	(5,565	)	$	(558	)
Interest rate cap contracts	Interest expense	(337		)	—