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Share-Based Payments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payments
Share-Based Payments

Our compensation programs can include share-based payments, in the form of Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), stock options, Portfolio Performance Shares (PPSs), Total Shareholder Return Units (TSRUs), Performance Share Awards (PSAs) and restricted stock grants.

The 2014 Stock Plan (2014 Plan) replaced and superseded the 2004 Stock Plan (2004 Plan), as amended and restated. The 2014 Plan provides for 520 million shares to be authorized for grants, plus any shares remaining available for grant under the 2004 Plan as of April 24, 2014 (the carryforward shares). In addition, the 2014 Plan provides that the number of stock options, Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) (known as TSRUs), RSUs, restricted stock awards or other performance-based awards that may be granted to any one individual during any 36-month period is limited to 20 million shares, and that RSUs, PPSs, PSAs and restricted stock grants count as 3 shares, while stock options and TSRUs count as 1 share, toward the maximum shares available under the 2014 plan. The 2004 Plan provided that the number of stock options, TSRUs or other performance-based awards granted to any one individual during any 36-month period was limited to 8 million shares, and that RSUs, PPSs, PSAs and restricted stock grants counted against the maximum available shares as 2 shares, while stock options and TSRUs counted as 1 share. As of December 31, 2014, 595 million shares were available for award.

Although not required to do so, we have used authorized and unissued shares and, to a lesser extent, treasury stock to satisfy our obligations under these programs.
A. Impact on Net Income
The following table provides the components of share-based compensation expense and the associated tax benefit (including those reported as part of discontinued operations in 2013 and 2012):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
 
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Restricted Stock Units
 
$
270

 
$
249

 
$
235

Stock Options
 
150

 
140

 
157

Portfolio Performance Shares
 
96

 
56

 
14

Total Shareholder Return Units
 
37

 
37

 
35

Performance Share Awards
 
30

 
34

 
35

Directors’ compensation
 
3

 
7

 
5

Share-based payment expense
 
586

 
523

 
481

Tax benefit for share-based compensation expense
 
(179
)
 
(173
)
 
(149
)
Share-based payment expense, net of tax
 
$
407

 
$
350

 
$
332


Amounts capitalized as part of inventory cost and the impact of modifications under our cost-reduction and productivity initiatives to share-based awards were not significant for any period presented. Generally, the modifications resulted in an acceleration of vesting, either in accordance with plan terms or at management’s discretion.
B. Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

RSUs are awarded to select employees and, when vested, entitle the holder to receive a specified number of shares of Pfizer common stock, including shares resulting from dividend equivalents paid on such RSUs. For RSUs granted during the periods presented, in virtually all instances, the units vest after three years of continuous service from the grant date.

We measure the value of RSU grants as of the grant date using the closing price of Pfizer common stock. The values determined through this fair value methodology generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term into Cost of sales, Selling, informational and administrative expenses, and/or Research and development expenses, as appropriate.
The following table summarizes all RSU activity during 2014:
 
 
Shares 
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share

Nonvested, December 31, 2013
 
32,751

 
$
22.50

Granted
 
10,188

 
32.11

Vested
 
(12,613
)
 
19.74

Reinvested dividend equivalents
 
1,071

 
29.69

Forfeited
 
(1,461
)
 
26.66

Nonvested, December 31, 2014
 
$
29,936

 
$
26.99


The following table provides data related to all RSU activity:
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
 
Year Ended December 31,
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Total fair value of shares vested
 
$
401

 
$
379

 
$
348

Total compensation cost related to nonvested RSU awards not yet recognized, pre-tax
 
$
255

 
$
239

 
$
258

Weighted-average period over which RSU cost is expected to be recognized (years)
 
1.8

 
1.8

 
1.8



C. Stock Options

Stock options are awarded to select employees and, when vested, entitle the holder to purchase a specified number of shares of Pfizer common stock at a price per share equal to the closing market price of Pfizer common stock on the date of grant.

All eligible employees may receive stock option grants. No stock options were awarded to senior and other key management in any period presented; however, stock options were awarded to certain other employees. In virtually all instances, stock options granted since 2005 vest after three years of continuous service from the grant date and have a contractual term of 10 years. In most cases, stock options must be held for at least one year from the grant date before any vesting may occur. In the event of a sale or restructuring, options held by employees are immediately vested and are exercisable for a period from three months to their remaining term, depending on various conditions.

We measure the value of stock option grants as of the grant date using, for virtually all grants, the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The values determined through this fair value methodology generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term into Cost of sales, Selling, informational and administrative expenses, and/or Research and development expenses, as appropriate.
The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation of stock options:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
  
 
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Expected dividend yield(a)
 
3.18
%
 
3.45
%
 
4.10
%
Risk-free interest rate(b)
 
1.94
%
 
1.16
%
 
1.28
%
Expected stock price volatility(c)
 
19.76
%
 
19.68
%
 
23.78
%
Expected term (years)(d)
 
6.50

 
6.50

 
6.50

(a) 
Determined using a constant dividend yield during the expected term of the option.
(b) 
Determined using the interpolated yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues.
(c) 
Determined using implied volatility, after consideration of historical volatility.
(d) 
Determined using historical exercise and post-vesting termination patterns.
The following table summarizes all stock option activity during 2014:
 
 
Shares
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Per Share

 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value(a)
(Millions)

December 31, 2013(b)
 
299,653

 
$
24.33

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
44,599

 
32.23

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(46,960
)
 
21.44

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
 
(4,396
)
 
26.36

 
 
 
 
Expired
 
(43,784
)
 
36.85

 
 
 
 
Outstanding, December 31, 2014
 
249,112

 
24.05

 
5.9
 
$
1,815

Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2014(c)
 
243,297

 
23.91

 
5.9
 
1,805

Exercisable, December 31, 2014
 
122,618

 
$
21.19

 
3.6
 
$
1,222


(a) 
Market price of underlying Pfizer common stock less exercise price.
(b) 
Includes approximately 42 million stock options which expired on February 25, 2014 at a grant price of $37.15, which were granted under the 2001 Stock Plan. These stock options were not added into the amount of carry forward shares remaining available for grants under the 2004 Stock Plan.
(c) 
The number of options expected to vest takes into account an estimate of expected forfeitures.
The following table summarizes data related to all stock option activity:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT PER STOCK OPTION AMOUNTS)
 
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Weighted-average grant date fair value per stock option
 
$
4.40

 
$
3.13

 
$
2.79

Aggregate intrinsic value on exercise
 
$
458

 
$
578

 
$
263

Cash received upon exercise
 
$
1,002

 
$
1,750

 
$
568

Tax benefits realized related to exercise
 
$
131

 
$
160

 
$
81

Total compensation cost related to nonvested stock options not yet recognized, pre-tax
 
$
147

 
$
120

 
$
148

Weighted-average period over which stock option compensation cost is expected to be recognized (years)
 
1.8

 
1.7

 
1.7



D. Portfolio Performance Shares (PPSs)

PPSs are awards granted to select employees which, when vested, entitle the holder to receive, at the end of the performance period, a number of shares within a possible range of shares of Pfizer common stock, including shares resulting from dividend equivalents paid on such shares. For PPSs granted during the period presented, the awards vest after three years of continuous service from the grant date and the number of shares paid, if any, depends on the achievement of predetermined goals related to Pfizer's long-term product portfolio during a five-year performance period from the year of the grant date. The target number of shares is determined by reference to competitive survey data. The number of shares that may be earned over the performance period ranges from 0% to 200% of the initial award. 

We measure the value of PPS grants as of the grant date using the intrinsic value method, for which we use the closing price of Pfizer common stock. The values are amortized on a straight-line basis over the probable vesting term into Cost of sales, Selling, informational and administrative expenses and/or Research and development expenses, as appropriate, and adjusted each reporting period, as necessary, to reflect changes in the price of Pfizer's common stock, changes in the number of shares that are probable of being earned and changes in management's assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved and/or changes in management's
assessment of the probable vesting term.
The following table summarizes all PPS activity during 2014, with the shares representing the maximum award that could be achieved:
 
 
Shares 
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-
Average
Intrinsic Value
Per Share

Nonvested, December 31, 2013
 
11,324

 
$
30.63

Granted
 
8,377

 
32.23

Vested(a)
 
(7
)
 
30.18

Forfeited
 
(817
)
 
30.10

Nonvested, December 31, 2014(a)
 
18,877

 
$
31.15

(a)Vested and non-vested shares outstanding, but not paid as of December 31, 2014 were 18,877.
The following table provides data related to all PPS activity:
 
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
 
Year Ended December 31,
2014

 
2013

2012

Total fair value of shares vested
 
$

 
$

$

Total compensation cost related to nonvested PPS awards not yet recognized, pre-tax
 
$
139

 
$
107

$
33

Weighted-average period over which PPS cost is expected to be recognized (years)
 
1.8

 
2.0

2.2



E. Total Shareholder Return Units (TSRUs)

TSRUs are awarded to senior and other key management. TSRUs entitle the holders to receive a number of shares of our common stock with a value equal to the difference between the defined settlement price and the grant price, plus the dividends accumulated during the five-year or seven-year term, if and to the extent the total value is positive. The settlement price is the average closing price of Pfizer common stock during the 20 trading days ending on the fifth or seventh anniversary of the grant, as applicable; the grant price is the closing price of Pfizer common stock on the date of the grant.

The TSRUs are automatically settled on the fifth or seventh anniversary of the grant but vest on the third anniversary of the grant, after which time there is no longer a substantial risk of forfeiture. The target number of shares is determined by reference to the fair value of share-based awards to similar employees in the industry peer group.

We measure the value of TSRU grants as of the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The values determined through this fair value methodology generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term into Cost of sales, Selling, informational and administrative expenses, and/or Research and development expenses, as appropriate.
The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation of TSRUs:  
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Expected dividend yield(a)
 
3.18
%
 
3.45
%
 
4.10
%
Risk-free interest rate(b)
 
1.78
%
 
1.03
%
 
1.15
%
Expected stock price volatility(c)
 
19.76
%
 
19.68
%
 
23.80
%
Contractual term (years)
 
5.97

 
5.98

 
5.97

(a) 
Determined using a constant dividend yield during the expected term of the TSRU.
(b) 
Determined using the interpolated yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues.
(c) 
Determined using implied volatility, after consideration of historical volatility.
The following table summarizes all TSRU activity during 2014:
 
 
 
 
Share Units 
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share Unit

 
Weighted-Average
Grant Price Per Share Unit

Nonvested, December 31, 2013
 
24,195

 
$
4.77

 
$
22.30

Granted
 
6,288

 
6.51

 
32.23

Vested
 
(8,727
)
 
4.74

 
19.38

Forfeited
 
(821
)
 
5.10

 
25.87

Nonvested, December 31, 2014
 
20,935

 
$
5.29

 
$
26.40

The following table summarizes all outstanding TSRU activity as of December 31, 2014(a):
 
 
Share Units 
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Price
Per Share Unit

 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (Millions)

Outstanding
 
34,842

 
$
23.41

 
3.1
 
$
360

Vested
 
13,907

 
18.92

 
1.6
 
220

Expected to vest
 
20,935

 
26.40

 
4.1
 
140


(a) 
In 2014, we settled 5,124,197 share units with a weighted-average grant price of $14.67 per share unit.
The following table provides data related to all TSRU activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT PER TSRU AMOUNTS)
 
2014

 
2013

 
2012

Weighted-average grant date fair value per TSRU
 
$
6.51

 
$
5.14

 
$
4.48

Total compensation cost related to nonvested TSRU grants not yet recognized, pre-tax
 
$
30

 
$
31

 
$
31

Weighted-average period over which TSRU cost is expected to be recognized (years)
 
1.8

 
1.6

 
1.7



F. Performance Share Awards (PSAs)

PSAs are awarded to senior and other key management. PSAs vest after three years of continuous service from the grant date. The number of shares paid, if any, including shares resulting from dividend equivalents, depends upon the achievement of predetermined goals related to Pfizer's total shareholder return as compared to an industry peer group, for the three-year performance period from the year of the grant date. The target number of shares is determined by reference to the value of share-based awards to similar employees in the industry peer group. The number of shares that are earned over the performance period ranges from 0% to 200% of the initial award.

We measure the value of PSA grants as of the grant date using the intrinsic value method, for which we use the closing price of Pfizer common stock. The values are amortized on a straight-line basis over the probable vesting term into Cost of sales, Selling, informational and administrative expenses, and/or Research and development expenses, as appropriate, and adjusted each reporting period, as necessary, to reflect changes in the price of Pfizer's common stock, changes in the number of shares that are probable of being earned and changes in management's assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved.
The following table summarizes all PSA activity during 2014, with the shares granted representing the maximum award that could be achieved:
 
 
Shares 
(Thousands)

 
Weighted-Average
Intrinsic Value
Per Share

Nonvested, December 31, 2013
 
5,039

 
$
30.63

Granted
 
1,202

 
32.17

Vested
 
(1,231
)
 
31.99

Forfeited
 
(920
)
 
31.74

Nonvested, December 31, 2014
 
4,090

 
$
31.15


The following table provides data related to all PSA activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Total fair value of shares vested
 
$
39

 
$
40

 
$
13

Total compensation cost related to nonvested PSA grants not yet recognized, pre-tax
 
$
21

 
$
25

 
$
27

Weighted-average period over which PSA cost is expected to be recognized (years)
 
1.7

 
1.7

 
1.7