Loans Loans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loan composition

The period end loan composition was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Sep 30, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	10,099,068	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	1,054,969		991,722
Commercial and business lending	11,154,037		10,751,176
Commercial real estate — investor	5,218,980		5,080,344
Real estate construction	2,130,719		2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending	7,349,699		7,235,565
Total commercial	18,503,736		17,986,742
Residential mortgage	8,782,645		8,511,550
Auto finance	2,007,164		1,382,073
Home equity	623,650		624,353
Other consumer	275,993		294,851
Total consumer	11,689,451		10,812,828
Total loans	$	30,193,187	$	28,799,569

Loans, Credit Quality Indicator by Vintage Year

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at September 30, 2023:

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	477	$	2,065,717	$	1,775,767	$	2,516,155	$	1,427,787	$	549,748	$	481,866	$	895,313	$	9,712,353
Special mention	39		26,400		39		39,694		8,731		3,667		—		26,136		104,666
Potential problem	829		72,533		311		51,502		57,611		20,222		4,434		623		207,237
Nonaccrual	14,756		—		13,945		20,299		18,898		21,617		—		53		74,812
Commercial and industrial	$	16,101	$	2,164,649	$	1,790,062	$	2,627,650	$	1,513,027	$	595,254	$	486,300	$	922,126	$	10,099,068
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	17,557	$	133,133	$	182,517	$	196,057	$	104,786	$	142,602	$	229,321	$	1,005,973
Special mention	—		421		—		2,000		7,666		2,446		4,737		—		17,269
Potential problem	—		—		748		1,177		3,334		1,205		1,807		19,520		27,792
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		1,568		2,260		—		—		108		3,936
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	17,978	$	133,882	$	187,262	$	209,317	$	108,436	$	149,146	$	248,950	$	1,054,969
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	477	$	2,083,273	$	1,908,900	$	2,698,672	$	1,623,845	$	654,533	$	624,468	$	1,124,635	$	10,718,325
Special mention	39		26,821		39		41,694		16,396		6,112		4,737		26,136		121,935
Potential problem	829		72,533		1,060		52,679		60,945		21,427		6,242		20,143		235,029
Nonaccrual	14,756		—		13,945		21,868		21,158		21,617		—		161		78,748
Commercial and business lending	$	16,101	$	2,182,627	$	1,923,943	$	2,814,912	$	1,722,344	$	703,689	$	635,446	$	1,171,075	$	11,154,037
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	157,976	$	500,154	$	1,278,072	$	1,181,060	$	687,373	$	459,677	$	634,704	$	4,899,015
Special mention	—		—		9,400		54,103		26,330		—		64,801		5,608		160,243
Potential problem	—		—		6,425		5,842		4,771		69,079		10,903		51,820		148,840
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		10,882		10,882
Commercial real estate - investor	$	—	$	157,976	$	515,979	$	1,338,016	$	1,212,162	$	756,452	$	535,381	$	703,014	$	5,218,980
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	27,872	$	251,100	$	1,008,428	$	716,123	$	91,982	$	11,970	$	23,141	$	2,130,617
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		103		103
Real estate construction	$	—	$	27,872	$	251,100	$	1,008,428	$	716,123	$	91,982	$	11,970	$	23,244	$	2,130,719
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	185,848	$	751,254	$	2,286,500	$	1,897,183	$	779,355	$	471,646	$	657,845	$	7,029,632
Special mention	—		—		9,400		54,103		26,330		—		64,801		5,608		160,243
Potential problem	—		—		6,425		5,842		4,771		69,079		10,903		51,820		148,840
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		10,985		10,985
Commercial real estate lending	$	—	$	185,848	$	767,080	$	2,346,445	$	1,928,284	$	848,434	$	547,351	$	726,258	$	7,349,699
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	477	$	2,269,121	$	2,660,154	$	4,985,172	$	3,521,028	$	1,433,889	$	1,096,114	$	1,782,480	$	17,747,957
Special mention	39		26,821		9,439		95,797		42,727		6,112		69,538		31,744		282,178
Potential problem	829		72,533		7,485		58,521		65,716		90,506		17,144		71,963		383,869
Nonaccrual	14,756		—		13,945		21,868		21,158		21,617		—		11,146		89,732
Total commercial	$	16,101	$	2,368,474	$	2,691,023	$	5,161,357	$	3,650,628	$	1,552,123	$	1,182,797	$	1,897,334	$	18,503,736

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	294,499	$	1,725,855	$	2,176,722	$	1,585,071	$	757,087	$	2,176,012	$	8,715,245
Potential problem	—		—		—		80		—		77		347		744		1,247
Nonaccrual	—		—		142		3,098		7,003		7,506		6,742		41,662		66,153
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	294,640	$	1,729,032	$	2,183,725	$	1,592,654	$	764,176	$	2,218,418	$	8,782,645
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	885,528	$	1,031,283	$	82,447	$	204	$	614	$	202	$	2,000,278
Special mention	—		—		601		1,436		316		—		—		—		2,353
Nonaccrual	—		—		452		3,551		527		—		4		—		4,533
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	886,581	$	1,036,271	$	83,289	$	204	$	617	$	202	$	2,007,164
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,318	$	514,431	$	4,986	$	35,751	$	1,671	$	1,450	$	4,703	$	51,693	$	614,685
Special mention	343		102		—		40		73		—		55		542		811
Potential problem	11		—		—		—		—		—		45		192		236
Nonaccrual	832		67		—		68		105		99		373		7,205		7,917
Home equity	$	8,504	$	514,599	$	4,986	$	35,859	$	1,849	$	1,549	$	5,175	$	59,631	$	623,650
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	99	$	193,494	$	5,521	$	3,933	$	2,772	$	1,234	$	514	$	67,749	$	275,217
Special mention	17		520		—		—		16		14		2		2		553
Nonaccrual	81		66		11		1		8		73		11		52		222
Other consumer	$	197	$	194,079	$	5,532	$	3,934	$	2,797	$	1,321	$	527	$	67,803	$	275,993
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,417	$	707,925	$	1,190,534	$	2,796,822	$	2,263,612	$	1,587,959	$	762,917	$	2,295,656	$	11,605,425
Special mention	360		621		601		1,476		405		14		57		543		3,717
Potential problem	11		—		—		80		—		77		392		935		1,483
Nonaccrual	913		133		604		6,718		7,644		7,679		7,129		48,919		78,826
Total consumer	$	8,701	$	708,679	$	1,191,739	$	2,805,096	$	2,271,661	$	1,595,728	$	770,495	$	2,346,054	$	11,689,451
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,894	$	2,977,046	$	3,850,688	$	7,781,993	$	5,784,640	$	3,021,848	$	1,859,031	$	4,078,136	$	29,353,382
Special mention	398		27,442		10,039		97,273		43,132		6,126		69,595		32,288		285,895
Potential problem	841		72,533		7,485		58,600		65,716		90,583		17,536		72,899		385,352
Nonaccrual	15,669		133		14,549		28,585		28,801		29,295		7,129		60,065		168,558
Total loans	$	24,802	$	3,077,153	$	3,882,762	$	7,966,452	$	5,922,289	$	3,147,851	$	1,953,292	$	4,243,388	$	30,193,187

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2022:

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,423	$	1,938,777	$	3,245,546	$	2,367,008	$	567,833	$	573,120	$	330,642	$	432,906	$	9,455,833
Special mention	—		93,209		3,411		23,607		—		—		19		32,497		152,744
Potential problem	447		24,549		41,400		4,193		21,887		38,169		218		6,133		136,549
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		5,210		—		9,119		—		—		—		14,329
Commercial and industrial	$	5,796	$	2,056,535	$	3,295,567	$	2,394,809	$	598,839	$	611,289	$	330,879	$	471,535	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	12,447	$	211,645	$	225,627	$	163,965	$	160,370	$	73,487	$	97,420	$	944,961
Special mention	—		—		—		—		1,136		1,491		9,713		—		12,339
Potential problem	—		1,325		1,238		11,141		5,523		10,769		370		4,055		34,422
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	13,772	$	212,883	$	236,769	$	170,624	$	172,630	$	83,570	$	101,475	$	991,722
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	1,423	$	1,951,224	$	3,457,191	$	2,592,636	$	731,798	$	733,490	$	404,129	$	530,326	$	10,400,794
Special mention	—		93,209		3,411		23,607		1,136		1,491		9,732		32,497		165,083
Potential problem	447		25,874		42,638		15,335		27,410		48,938		589		10,188		170,971
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		5,210		—		9,119		—		—		—		14,329
Commercial and business lending	$	5,796	$	2,070,307	$	3,508,450	$	2,631,578	$	769,463	$	783,919	$	414,449	$	573,010	$	10,751,176
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	38,412	$	106,280	$	1,633,094	$	1,419,000	$	683,121	$	530,444	$	262,858	$	210,299	$	4,845,096
Special mention	—		—		61,968		24,149		7,361		9,400		—		10,455		113,333
Potential problem	—		—		16,147		21,303		27,635		1,333		19,017		7,099		92,535
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,177		25,668		—		—		—		1,535		29,380
Commercial real estate - investor	$	38,412	$	106,280	$	1,713,387	$	1,490,120	$	718,117	$	541,177	$	281,875	$	229,387	$	5,080,344
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	29,892	$	900,593	$	913,107	$	241,230	$	12,062	$	2,226	$	9,775	$	2,108,885
Special mention	—		—		—		—		12,174		33,087		—		—		45,261
Potential problem	—		—		—		—		970		—		—		—		970
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		105		105
Real estate construction	$	—	$	29,892	$	900,593	$	913,107	$	254,374	$	45,149	$	2,226	$	9,880	$	2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	38,412	$	136,173	$	2,533,687	$	2,332,107	$	924,351	$	542,505	$	265,083	$	220,073	$	6,953,981
Special mention	—		—		61,968		24,149		19,535		42,487		—		10,455		158,595
Potential problem	—		—		16,147		21,303		28,605		1,333		19,017		7,099		93,505
Nonaccrual	—		—		2,177		25,668		—		—		—		1,640		29,485
Commercial real estate lending	$	38,412	$	136,173	$	2,613,980	$	2,403,227	$	972,492	$	586,326	$	284,101	$	239,267	$	7,235,565

					Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)		Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	39,835	$	2,087,396	$	5,990,879	$	4,924,743	$	1,656,149	$	1,275,996	$	669,213	$	750,399	$	17,354,774
Special mention	—		93,209		65,379		47,756		20,671		43,978		9,732		42,952		323,677
Potential problem	447		25,874		58,785		36,638		56,016		50,271		19,606		17,287		264,476
Nonaccrual	3,926		—		7,387		25,668		9,119		—		—		1,640		43,814
Total commercial	$	44,208	$	2,206,480	$	6,122,430	$	5,034,805	$	1,741,955	$	1,370,245	$	698,550	$	812,278	$	17,986,742
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,410,566	$	2,184,125	$	1,716,663	$	817,164	$	370,724	$	1,951,406	$	8,450,648
Special mention	—		—		—		284		96		—		—		63		444
Potential problem	—		—		455		71		—		738		29		685		1,978
Nonaccrual	—		—		8,506		3,851		6,219		3,744		5,014		31,145		58,480
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	1,419,527	$	2,188,332	$	1,722,979	$	821,645	$	375,768	$	1,983,299	$	8,511,550
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,271,205	$	106,102	$	333	$	1,267	$	446	$	61	$	1,379,414
Special mention	—		—		1,052		118		—		—		—		—		1,170
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,149		331		—		9		—		—		1,490
Auto finance	$	—	$	—	$	1,273,406	$	106,551	$	333	$	1,276	$	446	$	61	$	1,382,073
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,254	$	508,212	$	31,389	$	6,508	$	2,112	$	6,197	$	6,966	$	54,827	$	616,211
Special mention	47		102		—		—		—		—		47		310		458
Potential problem	—		15		—		—		—		34		2		146		197
Nonaccrual	1,590		—		306		102		131		307		319		6,322		7,487
Home equity	$	8,891	$	508,329	$	31,695	$	6,610	$	2,243	$	6,538	$	7,333	$	61,605	$	624,353
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	64	$	199,942	$	7,429	$	5,256	$	2,468	$	1,238	$	174	$	77,611	$	294,117
Special mention	6		490		11		—		5		5		—		25		537
Nonaccrual	78		56		11		21		10		56		10		34		197
Other consumer	$	147	$	200,488	$	7,452	$	5,276	$	2,482	$	1,300	$	184	$	77,670	$	294,851
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	7,318	$	708,154	$	2,720,589	$	2,301,991	$	1,721,576	$	825,866	$	378,310	$	2,083,904	$	10,740,390
Special mention	52		592		1,063		403		101		5		47		398		2,609
Potential problem	—		15		455		71		—		772		31		831		2,175
Nonaccrual	1,668		56		9,973		4,304		6,360		4,116		5,343		37,501		67,654
Total consumer	$	9,038	$	708,817	$	2,732,080	$	2,306,769	$	1,728,037	$	830,759	$	383,731	$	2,122,635	$	10,812,828
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	47,152	$	2,795,551	$	8,711,468	$	7,226,734	$	3,377,725	$	2,101,861	$	1,047,522	$	2,834,303	$	28,095,164
Special mention	52		93,801		66,443		48,159		20,772		43,983		9,778		43,350		326,286
Potential problem	447		25,889		59,240		36,709		56,016		51,043		19,637		18,118		266,651
Nonaccrual	5,595		56		17,360		29,972		15,479		4,116		5,343		39,141		111,467
Total loans	$	53,246	$	2,915,297	$	8,854,510	$	7,341,574	$	3,469,992	$	2,201,004	$	1,082,280	$	2,934,912	$	28,799,569

(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at September 30, 2023:

			Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis		YTD 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	2,760	$	401	$	5,695	$	13,264	$	5,900	$	—	$	3,795	$	31,816
Commercial and business lending	2,760		401		5,695		13,264		5,900		—		3,795		31,816
Commercial real estate-investor	—		—		—		—		—		—		242		242
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		25		25
Commercial real estate lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		266		266
Total commercial	2,760		401		5,695		13,264		5,900		—		4,062		32,082
Residential mortgage	—		—		128		22		148		7		410		714
Auto finance	—		254		3,355		442		—		5		—		4,056
Home equity	12		—		43		45		—		22		147		269
Other consumer	3,351		—		149		124		29		12		106		3,769
Total consumer	3,363		254		3,674		633		177		45		662		8,809
Total gross charge offs	$	6,124	$	655	$	9,369	$	13,897	$	6,077	$	45	$	4,724	$	40,891

Loans, Past Due Status

The following table presents loans by past due status at September 30, 2023:

	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	10,022,308	$	671	$	835	$	441	$	74,812	$	10,099,068
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,049,156		1,877		—		—		3,936		1,054,969
Commercial and business lending	11,071,464		2,548		835		441		78,748		11,154,037
Commercial real estate - investor	5,197,977		10,120		1		—		10,882		5,218,980
Real estate construction	2,130,606		10		—		—		103		2,130,719
Commercial real estate lending	7,328,583		10,130		1		—		10,985		7,349,699
Total commercial	18,400,047		12,678		836		441		89,732		18,503,736
Residential mortgage	8,704,840		11,652		—		—		66,153		8,782,645
Auto finance	1,985,943		14,335		2,353		—		4,533		2,007,164
Home equity	612,045		2,876		811		—		7,917		623,650
Other consumer	272,175		1,255		625		1,715		222		275,993
Total consumer	11,575,003		30,118		3,789		1,715		78,826		11,689,451
Total loans	$	29,975,051	$	42,797	$	4,626	$	2,156	$	168,558	$	30,193,187

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $114 million, or 68%, were current with respect to payment at September 30, 2023.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, there were $65 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at September 30, 2023.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2022:

	Accruing
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days  Past Due		Nonaccrual(a)(b)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	9,738,561	$	716	$	5,566	$	282	$	14,329	$	9,759,454
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	991,493		218		12		—		—		991,722
Commercial and business lending	10,730,053		934		5,578		282		14,329		10,751,176
Commercial real estate - investor	5,049,897		1,067		—		—		29,380		5,080,344
Real estate construction	2,155,077		39		—		—		105		2,155,222
Commercial real estate lending	7,204,975		1,105		—		—		29,485		7,235,565
Total commercial	17,935,028		2,040		5,578		282		43,814		17,986,742
Residential mortgage	8,443,072		9,811		63		124		58,480		8,511,550
Auto finance	1,371,176		8,238		1,170		—		1,490		1,382,073
Home equity	611,259		5,149		458		—		7,487		624,353
Other consumer	291,722		1,018		592		1,322		197		294,851
Total consumer	10,717,229		24,216		2,283		1,446		67,654		10,812,828
Total loans	$	28,652,257	$	26,256	$	7,861	$	1,728	$	111,467	$	28,799,569

(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $64 million, or 58%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2022.

(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, there were $11 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2022.

Loans, Modifications

The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at September 30, 2023.

	Interest Rate Concession
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Commercial and industrial	$	234
Auto	169
Home equity	77
Other consumer	1,243
Total loans modified	$	1,724

	Term Extension
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage	$	208
Home equity	26
Total loans modified	$	234

	Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage	$	830
Home equity	262
Total loans modified	$	1,092

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans as of September 30, 2023:

Interest Rate Concession
Loan Type	Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase
Commercial and industrial	(18)	%
Auto	(4)	%
Home equity	—	%
Other consumer	(21)	%
Weighted average of total loans modified	(10)	%

Term Extension
Loan Type	Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)
Residential mortgage	26 months
Home equity	78 months
Weighted average of total loans modified	32 months

(a) During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 297 to 328 months.

Loans, Modifications in Last 12 Months, Performance

The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Nonaccrual
Commercial and industrial	$	234	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage	81		126		—		832
Auto	169		—		—		—
Home equity	236		—		—		130
Other consumer	1,243		—		—		—
Total loans modified	$	1,963	$	126	$	—	$	961

Loans, Modified, Subsequent Default

The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous nine months and subsequently had a payment default, as of September 30, 2023:

	Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands)	Interest Rate Concession		Term Extension		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	208	$	206
Home equity	—		—		18
Total loans modified	$	—	$	208	$	224

Loans, Troubled Debt Restructurings, Performance and Nonaccrual

The following table presents nonaccrual and performing restructured loans by loan portfolio at December 31, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Performing Restructured Loans		Nonaccrual Restructured Loans(a)
Commercial and industrial	$	12,453	$	—
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	316		—
Commercial real estate — investor	128		2,074
Real estate construction	195		9
Residential mortgage	16,829		17,117
Home equity	2,148		927
Other consumer	798		—
Total restructured loans	$	32,868	$	20,127

(a) Nonaccrual restructured loans have been included within nonaccrual loans.

Loans, Troubled Debt Restructuring, Summary

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a TDR by loan portfolio, the recorded investment, and unpaid principal balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment(a)		Unpaid Principal Balance(b)
Commercial and industrial	2	$	265	$	265
Commercial real estate — investor	1	547		573
Residential mortgage	44	9,641		9,833
Home equity	12	390		412
Total loans modified	59	$	10,844	$	11,083

(a) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.
(b) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.

Loans, Troubled Debt Restructurings, Subsequent Default

The following table provides the number of loans modified during the previous twelve months which subsequently defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the recorded investment in these restructured loans at the time of default as of September 30, 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
Residential mortgage	4	$	1,178

Loans, Changes in AFLL by Portfolio Segment

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2022		Charge offs		Recoveries		Net Charge offs		Provision for credit losses		Sep 30, 2023		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial	$	119,076	$	(31,816)	$	2,322	$	(29,494)	$	34,710	$	124,292
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,475		—		8		8		1,976		11,459
Commercial and business lending	128,551		(31,816)		2,329		(29,487)		36,686		135,751
Commercial real estate — investor	54,398		(242)		2,789		2,547		10,520		67,466
Real estate construction	45,589		(25)		42		18		6,128		51,734
Commercial real estate lending	99,986		(266)		2,831		2,565		16,648		119,200
Total commercial	228,538		(32,082)		5,161		(26,921)		53,334		254,951
Residential mortgage	38,298		(714)		357		(358)		2,496		40,437
Auto finance	19,619		(4,056)		783		(3,273)		6,654		23,000
Home equity	14,875		(269)		921		652		(413)		15,114
Other consumer	11,390		(3,769)		744		(3,025)		3,928		12,293
Total consumer	84,182		(8,809)		2,805		(6,004)		12,666		90,844
Total loans	$	312,720	$	(40,891)	$	7,965	$	(32,925)	$	66,000	$	345,795
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial	$	12,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,365)	$	10,632
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	103		—		—		—		15		119
Commercial and business lending	13,101		—		—		—		(2,350)		10,751
Commercial real estate — investor	710		—		—		—		39		749
Real estate construction	20,583		—		—		—		(1,000)		19,583
Commercial real estate lending	21,292		—		—		—		(961)		20,331
Total commercial	34,393		—		—		—		(3,311)		31,082
Home equity	2,699		—		—		—		(17)		2,682
Other consumer	1,683		—		—		—		(672)		1,011
Total consumer	4,382		—		—		—		(689)		3,693
Total loans	$	38,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(4,000)	$	34,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial	$	132,073	$	(31,816)	$	2,322	$	(29,494)	$	32,345	$	134,924	1.34	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	9,579		—		8		8		1,991		11,578		1.10	%
Commercial and business lending	141,652		(31,816)		2,329		(29,487)		34,336		146,502		1.31	%
Commercial real estate — investor	55,108		(242)		2,789		2,547		10,560		68,214		1.31	%
Real estate construction	66,171		(25)		42		18		5,128		71,317		3.35	%
Commercial real estate lending	121,279		(266)		2,831		2,565		15,687		139,531		1.90	%
Total commercial	262,931		(32,082)		5,161		(26,921)		50,023		286,033		1.55	%
Residential mortgage	38,298		(714)		357		(358)		2,496		40,437		0.46	%
Auto finance	19,619		(4,056)		783		(3,273)		6,654		23,000		1.15	%
Home equity	17,574		(269)		921		652		(430)		17,797		2.85	%
Other consumer	13,073		(3,769)		744		(3,025)		3,256		13,304		4.82	%
Total consumer	88,565		(8,809)		2,805		(6,004)		11,977		94,538		0.81	%
Total loans	$	351,496	$	(40,891)	$	7,965	$	(32,925)	$	62,000	$	380,571	1.26	%

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022:

($ in thousands)	Dec 31, 2021		Charge offs		Recoveries		Net Charge offs		Provision for credit losses		Dec 31, 2022		ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial	$	89,857	$	(4,491)	$	5,282	$	791	$	28,428	$	119,076
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	11,473		—		13		13		(2,011)		9,475
Commercial and business lending	101,330		(4,491)		5,295		804		26,418		128,551
Commercial real estate — investor	72,803		(50)		50		—		(18,405)		54,398
Real estate construction	37,643		(48)		106		58		7,887		45,589
Commercial real estate lending	110,446		(98)		156		58		(10,518)		99,986
Total commercial	211,776		(4,588)		5,451		862		15,900		228,538
Residential mortgage	40,787		(567)		908		341		(2,830)		38,298
Auto finance	1,999		(1,041)		98		(943)		18,563		19,619
Home equity	14,011		(587)		1,385		798		66		14,875
Other consumer	11,441		(3,363)		1,010		(2,353)		2,301		11,390
Total consumer	68,239		(5,558)		3,401		(2,157)		18,100		84,182
Total loans	$	280,015	$	(10,146)	$	8,852	$	(1,294)	$	34,000	$	312,720
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial	$	18,459	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(5,462)	$	12,997
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	208		—		—		—		(105)		103
Commercial and business lending	18,667		—		—		—		(5,566)		13,101
Commercial real estate — investor	936		—		—		—		(226)		710
Real estate construction	15,586		—		—		—		4,997		20,583
Commercial real estate lending	16,522		—		—		—		4,770		21,292
Total commercial	35,189		—		—		—		(796)		34,393
Home equity	2,592		—		—		—		107		2,699
Other consumer	1,995		—		—		—		(311)		1,683
Total consumer	4,587		—		—		—		(204)		4,382
Total loans	$	39,776	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,000)	$	38,776
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial	$	108,316	$	(4,491)	$	5,282	$	791	$	22,967	$	132,073	1.35	%
Commercial real estate — owner occupied	11,681		—		13		13		(2,115)		9,579		0.97	%
Commercial and business lending	119,997		(4,491)		5,295		804		20,852		141,652		1.32	%
Commercial real estate — investor	73,739		(50)		50		—		(18,631)		55,108		1.08	%
Real estate construction	53,229		(48)		106		58		12,884		66,171		3.07	%
Commercial real estate lending	126,968		(98)		156		58		(5,748)		121,279		1.68	%
Total commercial	246,965		(4,588)		5,451		862		15,104		262,931		1.46	%
Residential mortgage	40,787		(567)		908		341		(2,830)		38,298		0.45	%
Auto finance	1,999		(1,041)		98		(943)		18,563		19,619		1.42	%
Home equity	16,603		(587)		1,385		798		173		17,574		2.81	%
Other consumer	13,436		(3,363)		1,010		(2,353)		1,990		13,073		4.43	%
Total consumer	72,825		(5,558)		3,401		(2,157)		17,896		88,565		0.82	%
Total loans	$	319,791	$	(10,146)	$	8,852	$	(1,294)	$	33,000	$	351,496	1.22	%