Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Credit Quality

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Credit Quality

NOTE 7: Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Credit Quality

During the third quarter of 2015, the Corporation reclassified approximately $500 million of closed end first lien home equity loans to residential mortgage loans in order to better align with the Corporation's regulatory reporting of residential mortgage loan products. All prior periods have been restated to reflect this change. As a result, the restated home equity loan portfolio is $1.1 billion for December 31, 2014, compared to the originally reported amount of $1.6 billion. Similarly, the restated residential mortgage loan portfolio is $5.1 billion for December 31, 2014, compared to the originally reported amount of $4.5 billion.

The period end loan composition was as follows.

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	6,085,473	$	5,905,902
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	966,689		1,007,937
Lease financing	42,607		51,529
Commercial and business lending	7,094,769		6,965,368
Commercial real estate - investor	3,183,352		3,056,485
Real estate construction	1,124,280		1,008,956
Commercial real estate lending	4,307,632		4,065,441
Total commercial	11,402,401		11,030,809
Home equity	1,014,465		1,051,927
Installment and credit cards	425,729		454,219
Residential mortgage	5,682,178		5,056,891
Total consumer	7,122,372		6,563,037
Total loans	$	18,524,773	$	17,593,846

A summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses was as follows.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014
	($ in Thousands)
Allowance for Loan Losses:
Balance at beginning of period	$	266,302		$	268,315
Provision for loan losses	18,500			13,000
Charge offs	(39,539		)	(44,096		)
Recoveries	17,273			29,083
Net charge offs	(22,266		)	(15,013		)
Balance at end of period	$	262,536		$	266,302
Allowance for Unfunded Commitments:
Balance at beginning of period	$	24,900		$	21,900
Provision for unfunded commitments	(1,000		)	3,000
Balance at end of period	$	23,900		$	24,900
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	286,436		$	291,202

The level of the allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for probable credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. In general, the change in the allowance for loan losses is a function of a number of factors, including but not limited to changes in the loan portfolio, net charge offs, trends in past due and impaired loans, and the level of potential problem loans. Management considers the allowance for loan losses a critical accounting policy, as assessing these numerous factors involves significant judgment.

The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit) and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for unfunded commitments is based upon an evaluation of the unfunded credit facilities, including an assessment of historical commitment utilization experience and credit risk grading of the loan. Net adjustments to the allowance for unfunded commitments are included in provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. See Note 13 for additional information on the allowance for unfunded commitments.

A summary of the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was as follows.

$ in Thousands	Commercial and industrial			Commercial real estate - owner occupied			Lease financing			Commercial real estate - investor			Real estate construction			Home equity			Installment and credit cards			Residential mortgage			Total
Balance at Dec 31, 2014	$	116,025		$	16,510		$	1,610		$	46,333		$	20,999		$	26,464		$	6,435		$	31,926		$	266,302
Provision for loan losses	15,749			7,245			(835		)	(2,703		)	(1,314		)	(987		)	1,284			61			18,500
Charge offs	(19,672		)	(2,325		)	—			(3,947		)	(546		)	(5,466		)	(2,934		)	(4,649		)	(39,539		)
Recoveries	6,392			892			—			4,124			1,924			2,568			569			804			17,273
Balance at Sep 30, 2015	$	118,494		$	22,322		$	775		$	43,807		$	21,063		$	22,579		$	5,354		$	28,142		$	262,536
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	5,922		$	—		$	—		$	197		$	—		$	3		$	—		$	171		$	6,293
Ending balance impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment	977			571			—			1,152			474			9,652			210			12,384			25,420
Total impaired loans	$	6,899		$	571		$	—		$	1,349		$	474		$	9,655		$	210		$	12,555		$	31,713
Ending balance all other loans collectively evaluated for impairment	111,595			21,751			775			42,458			20,589			12,924			5,144			15,587			230,823
Total	$	118,494		$	22,322		$	775		$	43,807		$	21,063		$	22,579		$	5,354		$	28,142		$	262,536
Loans:
Ending balance impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	55,148		$	11,174		$	1,763		$	3,822		$	—		$	170		$	—		$	6,877		$	78,954
Ending balance impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment	31,871			9,537			—			21,679			1,482			20,416			1,190			65,134			151,309
Total impaired loans	$	87,019		$	20,711		$	1,763		$	25,501		$	1,482		$	20,586		$	1,190		$	72,011		$	230,263
Ending balance all other loans collectively evaluated for impairment	5,998,454			945,978			40,844			3,157,851			1,122,798			993,879			424,539			5,610,167			18,294,510
Total	$	6,085,473		$	966,689		$	42,607		$	3,183,352		$	1,124,280		$	1,014,465		$	425,729		$	5,682,178		$	18,524,773

The allocation methodology used by the Corporation includes allocations for specifically identified impaired loans and loss factor allocations (used for both criticized and non-criticized loan categories), with a component primarily based on historical loss rates and a component primarily based on other qualitative factors. Management allocates the allowance for loan losses by pools of risk within each loan portfolio. The allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio is made for analytical purposes and is not necessarily indicative of the trend of future loan losses in any particular category. At September 30, 2015, $29 million of the commercial and industrial allowance for loan losses was attributable to Oil and Gas related credits, compared to $17 million at December 31, 2014. This allocated allowance for loan losses represented 3.83% and 2.26% of period end Oil and Gas related loans at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The total allowance for loan losses is available to absorb losses from any segment of the loan portfolio.

For comparison purposes, a summary of the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2014, was as follows.

$ in Thousands	Commercial and industrial			Commercial real estate - owner occupied			Lease financing			Commercial real estate - investor			Real estate construction			Home equity			Installment and credit cards			Residential mortgage			Total
Balance at Dec 31, 2013	$	104,501		$	19,476		$	1,607		$	58,156		$	23,418		$	27,932		$	2,416		$	30,809		$	268,315
Provision for loan losses	14,767			(1,296		)	35			(17,290		)	(1,277		)	6,278			6,279			5,504			13,000
Charge offs	(14,633		)	(3,476		)	(39		)	(4,529		)	(1,958		)	(10,946		)	(2,876		)	(5,639		)	(44,096		)
Recoveries	11,390			1,806			7			9,996			816			3,200			616			1,252			29,083
Balance at Dec 31, 2014	$	116,025		$	16,510		$	1,610		$	46,333		$	20,999		$	26,464		$	6,435		$	31,926		$	266,302
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	13,615		$	1,490		$	574		$	1,649		$	328		$	11		$	—		$	199		$	17,866
Ending balance impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment	2,852			1,731			—			1,938			767			11,371			308			13,598			32,565
Total impaired loans	$	16,467		$	3,221		$	574		$	3,587		$	1,095		$	11,382		$	308		$	13,797		$	50,431
Ending balance all other loans collectively evaluated for impairment	99,558			13,289			1,036			42,746			19,904			15,082			6,127			18,129			215,871
Total	$	116,025		$	16,510		$	1,610		$	46,333		$	20,999		$	26,464		$	6,435		$	31,926		$	266,302
Loans:
Ending balance impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	45,118		$	20,731		$	1,801		$	19,683		$	3,776		$	962		$	—		$	9,751		$	101,822
Ending balance impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment	38,437			15,548			—			26,129			2,350			23,698			1,587			66,058			173,807
Total impaired loans	$	83,555		$	36,279		$	1,801		$	45,812		$	6,126		$	24,660		$	1,587		$	75,809		$	275,629
Ending balance all other loans collectively evaluated for impairment	5,822,347			971,658			49,728			3,010,673			1,002,830			1,027,267			452,632			4,981,082			17,318,217
Total	$	5,905,902		$	1,007,937		$	51,529		$	3,056,485		$	1,008,956		$	1,051,927		$	454,219		$	5,056,891		$	17,593,846

The following table presents commercial loans by credit quality indicator at September 30, 2015.

	Pass		Special Mention		Potential Problem		Impaired		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	5,487,926	$	318,587	$	191,941	$	87,019	$	6,085,473
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	874,566		29,946		41,466		20,711		966,689
Lease financing	39,987		624		233		1,763		42,607
Commercial and business lending	6,402,479		349,157		233,640		109,493		7,094,769
Commercial real estate - investor	3,089,760		44,458		23,633		25,501		3,183,352
Real estate construction	1,120,173		271		2,354		1,482		1,124,280
Commercial real estate lending	4,209,933		44,729		25,987		26,983		4,307,632
Total commercial	$	10,612,412	$	393,886	$	259,627	$	136,476	$	11,402,401

The following table presents commercial loans by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2014.

	Pass		Special Mention		Potential Problem		Impaired		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	5,594,497	$	119,328	$	108,522	$	83,555	$	5,905,902
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	904,526		18,437		48,695		36,279		1,007,937
Lease financing	46,931		88		2,709		1,801		51,529
Commercial and business lending	6,545,954		137,853		159,926		121,635		6,965,368
Commercial real estate - investor	2,974,493		12,137		24,043		45,812		3,056,485
Real estate construction	998,972		2,082		1,776		6,126		1,008,956
Commercial real estate lending	3,973,465		14,219		25,819		51,938		4,065,441
Total commercial	$	10,519,419	$	152,072	$	185,745	$	173,573	$	11,030,809

The following table presents consumer loans by credit quality indicator at September 30, 2015.

	Performing		30-89 Days Past Due		Potential Problem		Impaired		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Home equity	$	985,087	$	8,565	$	227	$	20,586	$	1,014,465
Installment and credit cards	422,816		1,723		—		1,190		425,729
Residential mortgage	5,601,390		4,811		3,966		72,011		5,682,178
Total consumer	$	7,009,293	$	15,099	$	4,193	$	93,787	$	7,122,372

The following table presents consumer loans by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2014.

	Performing		30-89 Days Past Due		Potential Problem		Impaired		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Home equity	$	1,017,604	$	8,783	$	880	$	24,660	$	1,051,927
Installment and credit cards	450,698		1,932		2		1,587		454,219
Residential mortgage	4,972,455		4,846		3,781		75,809		5,056,891
Total consumer	$	6,440,757	$	15,561	$	4,663	$	102,056	$	6,563,037

Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early identification of potential problems, and appropriate allowance for loan losses, allowance for unfunded commitments, nonaccrual and charge off policies.

For commercial loans, management has determined the pass credit quality indicator to include credits that exhibit acceptable financial statements, cash flow, and leverage. If any risk exists, it is mitigated by the loan structure, collateral, monitoring, or control. For consumer loans, performing loans include credits that are performing in accordance with the original contractual terms. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit. Potential problem loans are considered inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged. These loans generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Lastly, management considers a loan to be impaired when it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the note agreement, including both principal and interest. Management has determined that commercial and consumer loan relationships that have nonaccrual status or have had their terms restructured in a troubled debt restructuring meet this impaired loan definition. Commercial loans classified as special mention, potential problem, and impaired are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis, while pass rated credits are reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if the loan renewal is less than one year or if otherwise warranted.

The following table presents loans by past due status at September 30, 2015.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due (a)		Total Past Due		Current		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Accruing loans
Commercial and industrial	$	1,133	$	1,788	$	178	$	3,099	$	6,023,953	$	6,027,052
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,173		845		—		2,018		951,303		953,321
Lease financing	375		—		—		375		40,469		40,844
Commercial and business lending	2,681		2,633		178		5,492		7,015,725		7,021,217
Commercial real estate - investor	1,104		114		—		1,218		3,175,213		3,176,431
Real estate construction	312		61		—		373		1,122,910		1,123,283
Commercial real estate lending	1,416		175		—		1,591		4,298,123		4,299,714
Total commercial	4,097		2,808		178		7,083		11,313,848		11,320,931
Home equity	7,413		1,152		—		8,565		992,259		1,000,824
Installment and credit cards	1,162		561		1,306		3,029		422,314		425,343
Residential mortgage	4,345		466		—		4,811		5,625,410		5,630,221
Total consumer	12,920		2,179		1,306		16,405		7,039,983		7,056,388
Total accruing loans	$	17,017	$	4,987	$	1,484	$	23,488	$	18,353,831	$	18,377,319
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial and industrial	$	27	$	1,379	$	9,711	$	11,117	$	47,304	$	58,421
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	195		—		3,641		3,836		9,532		13,368
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		1,763		1,763
Commercial and business lending	222		1,379		13,352		14,953		58,599		73,552
Commercial real estate - investor	—		—		3,565		3,565		3,356		6,921
Real estate construction	61		108		445		614		383		997
Commercial real estate lending	61		108		4,010		4,179		3,739		7,918
Total commercial	283		1,487		17,362		19,132		62,338		81,470
Home equity	1,899		1,228		4,744		7,871		5,770		13,641
Installment and credit cards	47		23		164		234		152		386
Residential mortgage	4,675		4,215		19,946		28,836		23,121		51,957
Total consumer	6,621		5,466		24,854		36,941		29,043		65,984
Total nonaccrual loans (b)	$	6,904	$	6,953	$	42,216	$	56,073	$	91,381	$	147,454
Total loans
Commercial and industrial	$	1,160	$	3,167	$	9,889	$	14,216	$	6,071,257	$	6,085,473
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,368		845		3,641		5,854		960,835		966,689
Lease financing	375		—		—		375		42,232		42,607
Commercial and business lending	2,903		4,012		13,530		20,445		7,074,324		7,094,769
Commercial real estate - investor	1,104		114		3,565		4,783		3,178,569		3,183,352
Real estate construction	373		169		445		987		1,123,293		1,124,280
Commercial real estate lending	1,477		283		4,010		5,770		4,301,862		4,307,632
Total commercial	4,380		4,295		17,540		26,215		11,376,186		11,402,401
Home equity	9,312		2,380		4,744		16,436		998,029		1,014,465
Installment and credit cards	1,209		584		1,470		3,263		422,466		425,729
Residential mortgage	9,020		4,681		19,946		33,647		5,648,531		5,682,178
Total consumer	19,541		7,645		26,160		53,346		7,069,026		7,122,372
Total loans	$	23,921	$	11,940	$	43,700	$	79,561	$	18,445,212	$	18,524,773

(a) The recorded investment in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $1 million at September 30, 2015 (the same as the reported balances for the accruing loans noted above).

(b) The percent of nonaccrual loans which are current was 62% at September 30, 2015.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2014.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due (a)		Total Past Due		Current		Total
	($ in Thousands)
Accruing loans
Commercial and industrial	$	4,466	$	10,281	$	254	$	15,001	$	5,841,238	$	5,856,239
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	8,429		2,199		—		10,628		971,484		982,112
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		49,728		49,728
Commercial and business lending	12,895		12,480		254		25,629		6,862,450		6,888,079
Commercial real estate - investor	712		496		—		1,208		3,032,592		3,033,800
Real estate construction	951		33		—		984		1,002,573		1,003,557
Commercial real estate lending	1,663		529		—		2,192		4,035,165		4,037,357
Total commercial	14,558		13,009		254		27,821		10,897,615		10,925,436
Home equity	6,988		1,795		52		8,835		1,026,641		1,035,476
Installment and credit cards	1,186		746		1,317		3,249		450,357		453,606
Residential mortgage	3,889		957		—		4,846		4,997,069		5,001,915
Total consumer	12,063		3,498		1,369		16,930		6,474,067		6,490,997
Total accruing loans	$	26,621	$	16,507	$	1,623	$	44,751	$	17,371,682	$	17,416,433
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial and industrial	$	872	$	627	$	10,154	$	11,653	$	38,010	$	49,663
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	3,197		41		8,596		11,834		13,991		25,825
Lease financing	—		—		513		513		1,288		1,801
Commercial and business lending	4,069		668		19,263		24,000		53,289		77,289
Commercial real estate - investor	1,857		459		12,765		15,081		7,604		22,685
Real estate construction	87		73		798		958		4,441		5,399
Commercial real estate lending	1,944		532		13,563		16,039		12,045		28,084
Total commercial	6,013		1,200		32,826		40,039		65,334		105,373
Home equity	1,471		1,766		6,840		10,077		6,374		16,451
Installment and credit cards	96		39		141		276		337		613
Residential mortgage	5,172		3,193		23,492		31,857		23,119		54,976
Total consumer	6,739		4,998		30,473		42,210		29,830		72,040
Total nonaccrual loans (b)	$	12,752	$	6,198	$	63,299	$	82,249	$	95,164	$	177,413
Total loans
Commercial and industrial	$	5,338	$	10,908	$	10,408	$	26,654	$	5,879,248	$	5,905,902
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	11,626		2,240		8,596		22,462		985,475		1,007,937
Lease financing	—		—		513		513		51,016		51,529
Commercial and business lending	16,964		13,148		19,517		49,629		6,915,739		6,965,368
Commercial real estate - investor	2,569		955		12,765		16,289		3,040,196		3,056,485
Real estate construction	1,038		106		798		1,942		1,007,014		1,008,956
Commercial real estate lending	3,607		1,061		13,563		18,231		4,047,210		4,065,441
Total commercial	20,571		14,209		33,080		67,860		10,962,949		11,030,809
Home equity	8,459		3,561		6,892		18,912		1,033,015		1,051,927
Installment and credit cards	1,282		785		1,458		3,525		450,694		454,219
Residential mortgage	9,061		4,150		23,492		36,703		5,020,188		5,056,891
Total consumer	18,802		8,496		31,842		59,140		6,503,897		6,563,037
Total loans	$	39,373	$	22,705	$	64,922	$	127,000	$	17,466,846	$	17,593,846

(a) The recorded investment in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $2 million at December 31, 2014 (the same as the reported balances for the accruing loans noted above).

(b) The percent of nonaccrual loans which are current was 54% at December 31, 2014.

The following table presents impaired loans at September 30, 2015.

	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		YTD Average Recorded Investment		YTD Interest Income Recognized (a)
	($ in Thousands)
Loans with a related allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	58,855	$	60,303	$	6,899	$	59,502	$	970
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	9,537		9,660		571		9,784		274
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and business lending	68,392		69,963		7,470		69,286		1,244
Commercial real estate - investor	23,916		25,594		1,349		24,119		834
Real estate construction	1,482		2,112		474		1,643		42
Commercial real estate lending	25,398		27,706		1,823		25,762		876
Total commercial	93,790		97,669		9,293		95,048		2,120
Home equity	20,526		22,682		9,655		21,207		816
Installment and credit cards	1,190		1,292		210		1,252		25
Residential mortgage	67,333		72,537		12,555		68,551		1,731
Total consumer	89,049		96,511		22,420		91,010		2,572
Total loans	$	182,839	$	194,180	$	31,713	$	186,058	$	4,692
Loans with no related allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	28,164	$	29,187	$	—	$	32,848	$	548
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	11,174		11,571		—		11,594		89
Lease financing	1,763		1,763		—		1,980		—
Commercial and business lending	41,101		42,521		—		46,422		637
Commercial real estate - investor	1,585		1,675		—		1,596		34
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate lending	1,585		1,675		—		1,596		34
Total commercial	42,686		44,196		—		48,018		671
Home equity	60		60		—		60		1
Installment and credit cards	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgage	4,678		4,932		—		4,700		57
Total consumer	4,738		4,992		—		4,760		58
Total loans	$	47,424	$	49,188	$	—	$	52,778	$	729
Total impaired loans
Commercial and industrial	$	87,019	$	89,490	$	6,899	$	92,350	$	1,518
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	20,711		21,231		571		21,378		363
Lease financing	1,763		1,763		—		1,980		—
Commercial and business lending	109,493		112,484		7,470		115,708		1,881
Commercial real estate - investor	25,501		27,269		1,349		25,715		868
Real estate construction	1,482		2,112		474		1,643		42
Commercial real estate lending	26,983		29,381		1,823		27,358		910
Total commercial	136,476		141,865		9,293		143,066		2,791
Home equity	20,586		22,742		9,655		21,267		817
Installment and credit cards	1,190		1,292		210		1,252		25
Residential mortgage	72,011		77,469		12,555		73,251		1,788
Total consumer	93,787		101,503		22,420		95,770		2,630
Total impaired loans (b)	$	230,263	$	243,368	$	31,713	$	238,836	$	5,421

(a) Interest income recognized included $3 million of interest income recognized on accruing restructured loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

(b) The implied fair value mark on all impaired loans at September 30, 2015 was 82% of their unpaid principal balance. The fair value mark is calculated as the recorded investment, net of the related allowance, divided by the unpaid principal balance.

The following table presents impaired loans at December 31, 2014.

	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		YTD Average Recorded Investment		YTD Interest Income Recognized (a)
	($ in Thousands)
Loans with a related allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	76,433	$	80,414	$	16,467	$	80,004	$	3,139
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	19,839		21,807		3,221		20,878		681
Lease financing	1,801		1,801		574		2,009		—
Commercial and business lending	98,073		104,022		20,262		102,891		3,820
Commercial real estate - investor	36,841		40,869		3,587		38,657		1,250
Real estate construction	3,043		5,910		1,095		3,818		105
Commercial real estate lending	39,884		46,779		4,682		42,475		1,355
Total commercial	137,957		150,801		24,944		145,366		5,175
Home equity	23,874		26,585		11,382		25,087		1,257
Installment and credit cards	1,587		1,795		308		1,736		58
Residential mortgage	68,748		74,005		13,797		70,030		2,307
Total consumer	94,209		102,385		25,487		96,853		3,622
Total loans	$	232,166	$	253,186	$	50,431	$	242,219	$	8,797
Loans with no related allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	7,122	$	12,634	$	—	$	8,851	$	82
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	16,440		19,019		—		17,970		219
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and business lending	23,562		31,653		—		26,821		301
Commercial real estate - investor	8,971		14,036		—		10,014		133
Real estate construction	3,083		3,815		—		3,241		—
Commercial real estate lending	12,054		17,851		—		13,255		133
Total commercial	35,616		49,504		—		40,076		434
Home equity	786		806		—		851		18
Installment and credit cards	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgage	7,061		7,315		—		7,224		135
Total consumer	7,847		8,121		—		8,075		153
Total loans	$	43,463	$	57,625	$	—	$	48,151	$	587
Total impaired loans
Commercial and industrial	$	83,555	$	93,048	$	16,467	$	88,855	$	3,221
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	36,279		40,826		3,221		38,848		900
Lease financing	1,801		1,801		574		2,009		—
Commercial and business lending	121,635		135,675		20,262		129,712		4,121
Commercial real estate - investor	45,812		54,905		3,587		48,671		1,383
Real estate construction	6,126		9,725		1,095		7,059		105
Commercial real estate lending	51,938		64,630		4,682		55,730		1,488
Total commercial	173,573		200,305		24,944		185,442		5,609
Home equity	24,660		27,391		11,382		25,938		1,275
Installment and credit cards	1,587		1,795		308		1,736		58
Residential mortgage	75,809		81,320		13,797		77,254		2,442
Total consumer	102,056		110,506		25,487		104,928		3,775
Total impaired loans (b)	$	275,629	$	310,811	$	50,431	$	290,370	$	9,384

(a) Interest income recognized included $5 million of interest income recognized on accruing restructured loans for the year ended December 31, 2014.

(b) The implied fair value mark on all impaired loans at December 31, 2014 was 72% of their unpaid principal balance. The fair value mark is calculated as the recorded investment, net of the related allowance, divided by the unpaid principal balance.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Additionally, whenever management becomes aware of facts or circumstances that may adversely impact the collectability of principal or interest on loans, it is management’s practice to place such loans on nonaccrual status immediately, rather than delaying such action until the loans become 90 days past due. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed, amortization of related deferred loan fees or costs is suspended, and income is recorded only to the extent that interest payments are subsequently received in cash and a determination has been made that the principal and interest of the loan is collectible. If collectability of the principal and interest is in doubt, payments received are applied to loan principal.

While a loan is in nonaccrual status, some or all of the cash interest payments received may be treated as interest income on a cash basis as long as the remaining recorded investment in the asset (i.e., after charge off of identified losses, if any) is deemed to be fully collectible. The determination as to the ultimate collectability of the asset’s remaining recorded investment must be supported by a current, well documented, credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment, including consideration of the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance and other relevant factors. A nonaccrual loan is returned to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest payments become current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement, the borrower has demonstrated a period of sustained repayment performance, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“Restructured Loans”)

Loans are considered restructured loans if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. The concessions granted generally involve the modification of terms of the loan, such as changes in payment schedule or interest rate, which generally would not otherwise be considered. Restructured loans can involve loans remaining on nonaccrual, moving to nonaccrual, or continuing on accrual status, depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the borrower. Nonaccrual restructured loans are included and treated with all other nonaccrual loans. In addition, all accruing restructured loans are reported as troubled debt restructurings, which are considered and accounted for as impaired loans. Generally, restructured loans remain on nonaccrual until the customer has attained a sustained period of repayment performance under the modified loan terms (generally a minimum of six months). However, performance prior to the restructuring, or significant events that coincide with the restructuring, are considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and whether the loan should be returned to or maintained on accrual status. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan remains on nonaccrual status. The Corporation had an $18 million recorded investment in loans modified in troubled debt restructurings for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, of which $2 million was in accrual status and $16 million was in nonaccrual pending a sustained period of repayment.

All restructured loans are disclosed as restructured loans in the calendar year of restructuring. In subsequent years, a restructured loan modified at a market rate that has performed according to the modified terms for at least six months will cease being disclosed as a restructured loan. A loan that has been modified at a below market rate will return to performing status if it satisfies the six month performance requirement; however, it will remain classified as a restructured loan. The following table presents nonaccrual and performing restructured loans by loan portfolio.

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Performing Restructured Loans		Nonaccrual Restructured Loans *		Performing Restructured Loans		Nonaccrual Restructured Loans *
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	28,598	$	1,946	$	33,892	$	3,260
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	7,343		2,796		10,454		5,656
Commercial real estate - investor	18,580		4,268		23,127		15,216
Real estate construction	485		173		727		2,438
Home equity	6,945		4,137		8,209		4,838
Installment and credit cards	804		65		974		199
Residential mortgage	20,054		23,198		20,833		26,049
Total	$	82,809	$	36,583	$	98,216	$	57,656

* Nonaccrual restructured loans have been included with nonaccrual loans.

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, and the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance as of September 30, 2015.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance (2)		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance (2)
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	5	$	893	$	896	10	$	2,410	$	3,033
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	—	—		—		4	2,847		3,007
Commercial real estate - investor	2	711		761		3	2,949		2,998
Real estate construction	—	—		—		1	5		5
Home equity	27	840		940		61	2,109		2,220
Residential mortgage	33	2,612		2,721		77	7,393		7,586
Total	67	$	5,056	$	5,318	156	$	17,713	$	18,849

(1) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.

(2) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, and the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance as of September 30, 2014.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2014					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance (2)		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment (1)		Unpaid Principal Balance (2)
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	10	$	7,383	$	7,384	13	$	7,695	$	7,707
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	—	—		—		2	1,123		1,260
Commercial real estate - investor	3	5,603		5,918		4	6,096		6,425
Real estate construction	1	8		8		2	14		14
Home equity	38	1,121		1,179		85	2,784		2,970
Installment and credit cards	2	25		25		3	34		45
Residential mortgage	49	4,364		4,654		94	8,627		9,178
Total	103	$	18,504	$	19,168	203	$	26,373	$	27,599

(1) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.

(2) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.

Restructured loan modifications may include payment schedule modifications, interest rate concessions, maturity date extensions, modification of note structure (A/B Note), non-reaffirmed Chapter 7 bankruptcies, principal reduction, or some combination of these concessions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, restructured loan modifications of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate and real estate construction loans primarily included maturity date extensions and payment schedule modifications. Restructured loan modifications of home equity and residential mortgage loans for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2015 primarily included maturity date extensions, interest rate concessions, payment schedule modifications, non-reaffirmed Chapter 7 bankruptcies, or a combination of these concessions.

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the previous 12 months which subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , as well as the recorded investment in these restructured loans as of September 30, 2015.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	1	$	153	1	$	153
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	—	—		1	297
Home equity	14	421		21	627
Residential mortgage	18	1,858		45	4,176
Total	33	$	2,432	68	$	5,253

The following table provides the number of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the previous 12 months which subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, as well as the recorded investment in these restructured loans as of September 30, 2014.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2014			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	($ in Thousands)
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	1	$	52
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	—	—		2	203
Commercial real estate - investor	1	493		2	1,613
Real estate construction	—	—		1	160
Home equity	11	312		20	598
Installment and credit cards	1	10		3	34
Residential mortgage	19	1,557		55	5,084
Total	32	$	2,372	84	$	7,744

All loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of the impairment of restructured loans, including those which have experienced a subsequent payment default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.