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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure [Text Block]
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DISCLOSURES

Determination of fair value. Our fair value measurements are estimated pursuant to a fair value hierarchy that requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable data (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall in different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to a fair value measurement in its entirety determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. Assessing the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are defined as:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, including situations where there is little, if any, market activity.

Derivative Financial Instruments. We measure the fair value of our derivative instruments based on a pricing model that utilizes market-based inputs, including but not limited to the contractual price of the underlying position, current market prices, natural gas and crude oil forward curves, discount rates such as the LIBOR curve for a similar duration of each outstanding position, volatility factors and nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk considers the effect of our credit standing on the fair value of derivative liabilities and the effect of our counterparties' credit standings on the fair value of derivative assets. Both inputs to the model are based on published credit default swap rates and the duration of each outstanding derivative position.

We validate our fair value measurement through the review of counterparty statements and other supporting documentation, the determination that the source of the inputs is valid, the corroboration of the original source of inputs through access to multiple quotes, if available, or other information and monitoring changes in valuation methods and assumptions. While we use common industry practices to develop our valuation techniques, changes in our pricing methodologies or the underlying assumptions could result in significantly different fair values. While we believe our valuation method is appropriate and consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of a different methodology or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value.

We have evaluated the credit risk of the counterparties holding our derivative assets, which are primarily financial institutions who are also major lenders in our corporate credit facility, giving consideration to amounts outstanding for each counterparty and the duration of each outstanding derivative position. Based on our evaluation, we have determined that the potential impact of nonperformance of our counterparties on the fair value of our derivative instruments was not significant.
    
Our fixed-price swaps, basis swaps and physical purchases are included in Level 2 and our natural gas and crude oil collars, crude oil puts and physical sales are included in Level 3. The following table presents, for each applicable level within the fair value hierarchy, our derivative assets and liabilities, including both current and non-current portions, measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Significant other
observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  
Total
 
Significant other
observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  
Total
 
(in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity based derivatives contracts
$
78,442

   
$
28,649

   
$
107,091

 
$
76,104

   
$
25,837

   
$
101,941

Basis protection derivative contracts
25

 
21

 
46

 
5

 
38

   
43

Total assets
78,467

 
28,670

 
107,137

 
76,109

 
25,875

 
101,984

Liabilities:
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
Commodity based derivatives contracts
5,153

 
70

   
5,223

 
9,888

 
3,768

   
13,656

Basis protection derivative contracts
26,507

 

   
26,507

 
35,424

 

   
35,424

Total liabilities
31,660

 
70

 
31,730

 
45,312

 
3,768

 
49,080

Net asset
$
46,807

 
$
28,600

 
$
75,407

 
$
30,797

 
$
22,107

 
$
52,904

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
The following table presents a reconciliation of our Level 3 assets measured at fair value:

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value, net asset, beginning of period
 
$
22,107

 
$
10,762

Changes in fair value included in statement of operations line item:
 
 
 
 
Commodity price risk management gain (loss), net
 
15,153

 
(2,108
)
Sales from natural gas marketing
 
39

 
20

Changes in fair value included in balance sheet line item (1):
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable affiliates
 

 
49

Accounts payable affiliates
 
(146
)
 
(637
)
Settlements included in statement of operations line items:
 
 
 
 
Commodity price risk management loss, net
 
(8,458
)
 
(2,210
)
Sales from natural gas marketing
 
(95
)
 
(86
)
Fair value, net asset, end of period
 
$
28,600

 
$
5,790

 
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets (liabilities) still held
 
 
 
 
as of period end, included in statement of operations line item:
 
 
 
 
Commodity price risk management gain (loss), net
 
$
8,661

 
$
(1,809
)
Sales from natural gas marketing
 
1

 
(5
)
Total
 
$
8,662

 
$
(1,814
)
 
 
 
 
 
__________
(1)
Represents the change in fair value related to derivative instruments entered into by us and designated to our affiliated partnerships.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of our derivative contracts is the implied volatility curve, which is provided by a third-party vendor. A significant increase or decrease in the implied volatility, in isolation, would have a directionally similar effect resulting in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement of our Level 3 derivative contracts.    

See Note 4 for additional disclosure related to our derivative financial instruments.

Non-Derivative Financial Assets and Liabilities

The carrying values of the financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The liability associated with our non-qualified deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors may be settled in cash or shares of our common stock. The carrying value of this obligation is based on the quoted market price of our common stock, which is a Level 1 input.
    
The portion of our long-term debt related to our corporate credit facility, as well as our proportionate share of PDCM's credit facility, approximates fair value due to the variable nature of related interest rates. We have not elected to account for the portion of our long-term debt related to our senior notes under the fair value option; however, as of June 30, 2012, we estimate the fair value of the portion of our long-term debt related to the 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2016 to be $108.2 million, or 94.1% of par value, and the portion related to our 12% senior notes due 2018 to be $215.7 million, or 106.3% of par value. We determined these valuations based upon measurements of trading activity and broker and/or dealer quotes, respectively, which are published market prices and therefore are Level 1 inputs.