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Investment Securities (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Pre-tax net investment income
Pre-tax net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Sept 30,
 
Sept 30,
Millions
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Investment income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity investments
$
33.0

 
$
38.5

 
$
105.1

 
$
127.0

Short-term investments
.5

 
.9

 
2.3

 
3.2

Common equity securities
4.8

 
3.6

 
13.8

 
10.1

Convertible fixed maturity investments
2.0

 
1.3

 
5.9

 
3.9

Other long-term investments
.7

 
1.2

 
2.2

 
1.9

Interest on funds held under reinsurance treaties

 
.2

 

 
(.6
)
Total investment income
41.0

 
45.7

 
129.3

 
145.5

Less third-party investment expenses
(3.4
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(9.5
)
 
(7.4
)
Net investment income, pre-tax
$
37.6

 
$
42.8

 
$
119.8

 
$
138.1

Net Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses
Net realized and unrealized investment gains and losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Sept 30,
 
Sept 30,
Millions
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Net realized investment gains, pre-tax
$
23.7

 
$
38.3

 
$
40.5

 
$
67.7

Net unrealized investment (losses) gains, pre-tax
49.0

 
(35.4
)
 
82.7

 
(31.3
)
Net realized and unrealized investment gains, pre-tax
72.7

 
2.9

 
123.2

 
36.4

Income tax expense attributable to net realized and unrealized
     investment gains (losses)
(12.3
)
 
(1.4
)
 
(28.3
)
 
(12.7
)
Net realized and unrealized investment gains, after tax
$
60.4

 
$
1.5

 
$
94.9

 
$
23.7

Net realized investment gains (losses)
Net realized investment gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Sept 30,
 
Sept 30,
Millions
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fixed maturity investments
$
29.0

 
$
14.1

 
$
69.5

 
$
3.3

Short-term investments
(3.4
)
 
.4

 
(3.9
)
 
(10.9
)
Common equity securities
3.9

 
23.1

 
(2.2
)
 
41.0

Convertible fixed maturity investments
1.1

 
(.7
)
 
3.2

 
6.3

Other long-term investments
(7.2
)
 
1.4

 
(26.4
)
 
28.0

Forward contracts
.3

 

 
.3

 

Net realized investment gains, pre-tax
23.7

 
38.3

 
40.5

 
67.7

Income tax expense attributable to net
     realized investment gains
(7.4
)
 
(8.3
)
 
(12.8
)
 
(20.7
)
Net realized investment gains, after tax
$
16.3

 
$
30.0

 
$
27.7

 
$
47.0

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments [Table Text Block]
 The following table summarizes changes in the carrying value of investments measured at fair value:

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
Millions
Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
 
Net
foreign
exchange
gains
(losses)
 
Total
changes in
fair value
reflected in
earnings
 
Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
 
Net
foreign
exchange
gains
(losses)
 
Total
changes in
fair value
reflected in
earnings
Fixed maturity investments
$
27.2

 
$
(40.6
)
 
$
(13.4
)
 
$
35.5

 
$
(36.9
)
 
$
(1.4
)
Short-term investments

 
.1

 
.1

 

 
.1

 
.1

Common equity securities
65.1

 
(.1
)
 
65.0

 
71.5

 
(.1
)
 
71.4

Convertible fixed maturity investments
(.6
)
 

 
(.6
)
 
(2.9
)
 

 
(2.9
)
Other long-term investments
1.6

 
(3.7
)
 
(2.1
)
 
18.2

 
(2.7
)
 
15.5

Net unrealized investment gains (losses), pre-tax
93.3

 
(44.3
)
 
49.0

 
122.3

 
(39.6
)
 
82.7

Income tax expense attributable to net
   unrealized investment (losses) gains
(16.7
)
 
11.8

 
(4.9
)
 
(25.9
)
 
10.4

 
(15.5
)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), after tax
$
76.6

 
$
(32.5
)
 
$
44.1

 
$
96.4

 
$
(29.2
)
 
$
67.2


 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2011
Millions
Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
 
Net
foreign
exchange
gains
(losses)
 
Total
changes in
fair value
reflected in
earnings
 
Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
 
Net
foreign
exchange
gains
(losses)
 
Total
changes in
fair value
reflected in
earnings
Fixed maturity investments
$
3.5

 
$
67.5

 
$
71.0

 
$
12.6

 
$
77.7

 
$
90.3

Short-term investments
(.1
)
 
(.4
)
 
(.5
)
 
(.1
)
 
(1.4
)
 
(1.5
)
Common equity securities
(101.0
)
 
(.9
)
 
(101.9
)
 
(95.1
)
 
(1.8
)
 
(96.9
)
Convertible fixed maturity investments
(11.2
)
 

 
(11.2
)
 
(19.3
)
 

 
(19.3
)
Other long-term investments
(1.2
)
 
8.4

 
7.2

 
(8.4
)
 
4.5

 
(3.9
)
Net unrealized investment (losses) gains, pre-tax
(110.0
)
 
74.6

 
(35.4
)
 
(110.3
)
 
79.0

 
(31.3
)
Income tax benefit (expense) attributable to net unrealized investment gains (losses)
26.4

 
(19.5
)
 
6.9

 
28.5

 
(20.5
)
 
8.0

Net unrealized investment (losses) gains, after tax
$
(83.6
)
 
$
55.1

 
$
(28.5
)
 
$
(81.8
)
 
$
58.5

 
$
(23.3
)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) for Level 3 investments
The following table summarizes the amount of total pre-tax gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to unrealized investment gains (losses) for Level 3 investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Sept 30,
 
Sept 30,
Millions
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fixed maturity investments
$
(1.0
)
 
$
(13.5
)
 
$
7.3

 
$
(14.9
)
Common equity securities
.8

 
(17.5
)
 
1.8

 
(17.0
)
Convertible fixed maturities

 

 

 

Other long-term investments
2.9

 
(3.2
)
 
11.3

 
(6.5
)
Total unrealized investment losses, pre-tax - Level 3 investments
$
2.7

 
$
(34.2
)
 
$
20.4

 
$
(38.4
)
Investment holdings, fixed maturity investments
The cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized investment gains and losses, net foreign currency gains and losses and carrying values of White Mountains’ fixed maturity investments as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, were as follows: 
 
 
September 30, 2012
Millions
 
Cost or
amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Net foreign
currency
gains (losses)
 
Carrying
value
U.S. Government and agency obligations
 
$
393.7

 
$
1.2

 
$
(.1
)
 
$
(.1
)
 
$
394.7

Debt securities issued by corporations
 
2,213.8

 
91.6

 
(3.0
)
 
(21.1
)
 
2,281.3

Municipal obligations
 
3.8

 

 

 

 
3.8

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
 
2,023.3

 
30.3

 
(1.1
)
 
(5.1
)
 
2,047.4

Foreign government, agency and provincial obligations
 
475.2

 
8.0

 
(.4
)
 
(6.4
)
 
476.4

Preferred stocks
 
79.8

 
6.3

 

 

 
86.1

Total fixed maturity investments including assets
    held for sale
 
$
5,189.6

 
$
137.4

 
$
(4.6
)
 
$
(32.7
)
 
$
5,289.7

Fixed maturity investments reclassified to assets
    held for sale related the Runoff Transaction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(377.3
)
Total fixed maturity investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,912.4

 
 
 
December 31, 2011
Millions
 
Cost or
amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Net foreign
currency
gains (losses)
 
Carrying
value
U.S. Government and agency obligations
 
$
299.4

 
$
5.3

 
$
(.1
)
 
$
.4

 
$
305.0

Debt securities issued by corporations
 
2,072.1

 
73.7

 
(7.8
)
 
(2.9
)
 
2,135.1

Municipal obligations
 
2.7

 

 

 

 
2.7

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
 
3,190.5

 
25.9

 
(3.9
)
 
10.4

 
3,222.9

Foreign government, agency and provincial obligations
 
581.2

 
11.0

 
(.1
)
 
(2.9
)
 
589.2

Preferred stocks
 
82.3

 
3.2

 
(6.7
)
 

 
78.8

Total fixed maturity investments including assets
    held for sale
 
$
6,228.2

 
$
119.1

 
$
(18.6
)
 
$
5.0

 
$
6,333.7

Fixed maturity investments reclassified to assets
    held for sale related to AutoOne
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(111.8
)
Total fixed maturity investments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
6,221.9

 
Investment holdings, equity securities, convertible fixed maturities and other long-term investments
The cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized investment gains and losses, net foreign currency gains and losses and carrying values of White Mountains’ common equity securities, convertible fixed maturities and other long-term investments as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, were as follows:
 
 
September 30, 2012
Millions
 
Cost or
amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Net foreign
currency
losses
 
Carrying
value
Common equity securities
 
$
870.0

 
$
139.7

 
$
(4.9
)
 
$

 
$
1,004.8

Convertible fixed maturity investments
 
$
140.2

 
$
7.6

 
$
(5.8
)
 
$

 
$
142.0

Other long-term investments
 
$
264.8

 
$
57.1

 
$
(8.6
)
 
$
(6.2
)
 
$
307.1


 
 
December 31, 2011
Millions
 
Cost or
amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Net foreign
currency
losses
 
Carrying
value
Common equity securities
 
$
691.7

 
$
72.0

 
$
(8.7
)
 
$

 
$
755.0

Convertible fixed maturity investments
 
$
139.2

 
$
6.2

 
$
(1.6
)
 
$

 
$
143.8

Other long-term investments
 
$
274.4

 
$
55.5

 
$
(25.2
)
 
$
(3.4
)
 
$
301.3

Other long-term investments
The following table summarizes investments in hedge funds and private equity interests by investment objective and sector at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Millions
Fair Value
 
Unfunded
Commitments
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded
Commitments
Hedge funds
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long/short equity
$
58.6

 
$

 
$
48.8

 
$

Long/short credit & distressed
33.8

 

 
32.3

 

Long diversified strategies
2.3

 

 
16.9

 

Long/short equity REIT
15.2

 

 
14.5

 

Long/short equity activist
14.0

 

 
12.3

 

Long bank loan
.4

 

 
.5

 

Total hedge funds
124.3

 

 
125.3

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity funds
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Multi-sector
29.3

 
6.4

 
26.9

 
8.2

Energy infrastructure & services
32.9

 
11.7

 
28.0

 
9.9

Distressed residential real estate
19.2

 

 
27.4

 

Real estate
12.2

 
3.3

 
9.5

 
3.3

Private equity secondaries
11.0

 
3.2

 
11.3

 
4.0

International multi-sector, Europe
4.3

 
4.9

 
7.8

 
4.7

Manufacturing/Industrial
10.6

 
29.1

 
6.2

 

Healthcare
4.3

 
5.4

 
2.3

 
7.0

International multi-sector, Asia
.4

 
2.7

 
3.6

 
2.6

Insurance
3.2

 
41.3

 
3.5

 
41.3

Venture capital
2.4

 
.5

 
2.4

 
.5

Total private equity funds
129.8

 
108.5

 
128.9

 
81.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total hedge and private equity funds included in
     other long-term investments
$
254.1

 
$
108.5

 
$
254.2

 
$
81.5

Fair value of hedge funds subject to restrictions on redemption frequency and advance notice period requirements for investments in active hedge funds
The following summarizes the September 30, 2012 fair value of hedge funds subject to restrictions on redemption frequency and advance notice period requirements for investments in active hedge funds:
 
 
Notice Period
Millions
Redemption frequency
30-59 days
notice
 
60-89 days
notice
 
90-119 days
notice
 
120+ days
notice
 
Total
Monthly
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
6.8

 
$
6.8

Quarterly
27.1

 
29.3

 
19.9

 
9.4

 
85.7

Semi-annual

 
20.6

 

 

 
20.6

Annual
2.3

 

 
8.5

 
.4

 
11.2

Total
$
29.4

 
$
49.9

 
$
28.4

 
$
16.6

 
$
124.3

Fair Value of private equity funds subject to lock-up periods
At September 30, 2012, investments in private equity funds were subject to lock-up periods as follows:
 
Millions
1-3 years
3 – 5 years
5 – 10 years
>10 years
Total
Private Equity Funds —
    expected lock-up period remaining
$27.7
$15.6
$75.9
$10.6
$129.8
Fair value measurements by level, investment securities
The following tables summarize White Mountains’ fair value measurements for investments at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, by level. 
 
September 30, 2012
Millions
Fair value
 
Level 1 Inputs
 
Level 2 Inputs
 
Level 3 Inputs
Fixed maturity investments:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

US Government and agency obligations
$
394.7

 
$
340.5

 
$
54.2

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities issued by corporations:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
597.2

 

 
597.2

 

Industrial
488.1

 

 
488.1

 

Financials
405.4

 
1.1

 
404.3

 

Communications
217.1

 

 
217.1

 

Basic materials
175.1

 

 
175.1

 

Energy
172.9

 

 
172.9

 

Utilities
204.4

 

 
204.4

 

Technology
21.1

 

 
21.1

 

Diversified

 

 

 

Total debt securities issued by corporations:
2,281.3

 
1.1

 
2,280.2

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal obligations
3.8

 

 
3.8

 

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
2,047.4

 

 
2,041.9

 
5.5

Foreign government, agency and provincial
     obligations
476.4

 
56.9

 
419.5

 

Preferred stocks
86.1

 

 
15.5

 
70.6

Total fixed maturity investments (1)
5,289.7

 
398.5

 
4,815.1

 
76.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term investments
917.3

 
917.3

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Financials
316.1

 
277.9

 
2.3

 
35.9

Consumer
249.7

 
249.6

 
.1

 

Basic materials
118.2

 
118.2

 

 

Energy
96.8

 
96.8

 

 

Technology
51.6

 
51.6

 

 

Utilities
42.9

 
42.7

 
.2

 

Other
129.5

 
73.2

 
56.3

 

Total common equity securities
1,004.8

 
910.0

 
58.9

 
35.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible fixed maturity investments
142.0

 

 
142.0

 

Other long-term investments (2) 
272.6

 

 

 
272.6

Total investments
$
7,626.4

 
$
2,225.8

 
$
5,016.0

 
$
384.6

(1) Carrying value includes $377.3 that is classified as assets held for sale relating to discontinued operations.
(2) Excludes carrying value of $34.3 associated with other long-term investment limited partnerships accounted for using the equity method and $0.3 related to forward contracts.
 



 
December 31, 2011
Millions
Fair value
 
Level 1 Inputs
 
Level 2 Inputs
 
Level 3 Inputs
Fixed maturity investments:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

US Government and agency obligations
$
305.0

 
$
296.2

 
$
8.8

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities issued by corporations:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Consumer
790.7

 

 
790.7

 

Industrial
359.4

 

 
359.4

 

Financials
239.6

 
3.8

 
235.8

 

Communications
225.8

 

 
225.8

 

Basic materials
195.7

 

 
195.7

 

Energy
155.8

 

 
155.8

 

Utilities
140.1

 

 
140.1

 

Technology
24.5

 

 
24.5

 

Diversified
3.5

 

 
3.5

 

Total debt securities issued by corporations:
2,135.1

 
3.8

 
2,131.3

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal obligations
2.7

 

 
2.7

 

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
3,222.9

 

 
3,207.8

 
15.1

Foreign government, agency and provincial
      obligations
589.2

 
65.7

 
523.5

 

Preferred stocks
78.8

 

 
15.0

 
63.8

Total fixed maturity investments (1)
6,333.7

 
365.7

 
5,889.1

 
78.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term investments
846.0

 
846.0

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Financials
219.2

 
185.8

 
1.5

 
31.9

Consumer
188.8

 
188.5

 
.3

 

Basic materials
121.0

 
119.9

 
1.1

 

Energy
72.6

 
72.6

 

 

Utilities
42.0

 
41.8

 
.2

 

Technology
25.8

 
25.8

 

 

Other
85.6

 
33.0

 
52.2

 
.4

Total common equity securities
755.0

 
667.4

 
55.3

 
32.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible fixed maturity investments
143.8

 

 
143.8

 

Other long-term investments (2)
268.3

 

 

 
268.3

Total investments
$
8,346.8

 
$
1,879.1

 
$
6,088.2

 
$
379.5

(1) Carrying value includes $111.8 that is classified as assets held for sale relating to AutoOne discontinued operations.
(2) Excludes carrying value of $33.0 associated with other long-term investments accounted for using the equity method.


Debt securities issued by corporations, credit ratings
 The following table summarizes the ratings of the corporate debt securities held in White Mountains’ investment portfolio as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

 
Millions
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
AAA
$

 
$

AA
165.5

 
206.8

A
992.8

 
802.8

BBB
1,108.5

 
1,110.8

BB
7.6

 
6.2

Other
6.9

 
8.5

Debt securities issued by corporations (1)
$
2,281.3

 
$
2,135.1

(1) Credit ratings are assigned based on the following hierarchy: 1) Standard & Poor’s, 2) Moody’s
and 3) Bloomberg
Mortgage-backed, asset-backed securities
The following table summarizes mortgage and asset-backed securities as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

 
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Millions
 
Fair Value
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Fair Value
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Agency:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

GNMA
 
$
1,165.5

 
$
1,165.5

 
$

 
$
1,365.8

 
$
1,365.8

 
$

FNMA
 
97.2

 
97.2

 

 
712.6

 
712.6

 

FHLMC
 
37.6

 
37.6

 

 
35.9

 
35.9

 

Total Agency (1)
 
1,300.3

 
1,300.3

 

 
2,114.3

 
2,114.3

 

Non-agency:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
 
160.5

 
160.5

 

 
83.1

 
68.0

 
15.1

Commercial
 
389.3

 
383.8

 
5.5

 
276.7

 
276.7

 

Total Non-agency
 
549.8

 
544.3

 
5.5

 
359.8

 
344.7

 
15.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
 
1,850.1

 
1,844.6

 
5.5

 
2,474.1

 
2,459.0

 
15.1

Other asset-backed securities:
 


 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Credit card receivables
 
80.8

 
80.8

 

 
380.6

 
380.6

 

Vehicle receivables
 
80.3

 
80.3

 

 
345.6

 
345.6

 

Other
 
36.2

 
36.2

 

 
22.6

 
22.6

 

Total other asset-backed
     securities
 
197.3

 
197.3

 

 
748.8

 
748.8

 

Total mortgage and asset-
     backed securities
 
$
2,047.4

 
$
2,041.9

 
$
5.5

 
$
3,222.9

 
$
3,207.8

 
$
15.1

 (1)   Represents publicly traded mortgage-backed securities which carry the full faith and credit guaranty of the U.S. government (i.e., GNMA) or are guaranteed by a government sponsored entity (i.e., FNMA, FHLMC).

Schedule of security issuance years of investments in non-agency RMBS and non-agency CMBS securities
The security issuance years of White Mountains’ investments in non-agency RMBS and non-agency CMBS securities as of September 30, 2012 are as follows:

 
 
Security Issuance Year
Millions
Fair Value
2003
2006
2007
2009
2010
2011
2012
Non-agency RMBS
$
160.5

$
2.2

$
21.4

$
7.1

$
1.7

$
53.2

$
74.9

$

Non-agency CMBS
389.3


4.5

15.3

11.9

6.1

127.4

224.1

Total
$
549.8

$
2.2

$
25.9

$
22.4

$
13.6

$
59.3

$
202.3

$
224.1

 
Non-agency residential mortgage securities, collateral quality and tranche levels
The classification of the underlying collateral quality and the tranche levels of White Mountains’ non-agency RMBS securities are as follows as of September 30, 2012:

Millions
Fair Value
 
Super Senior (1)
 
Senior (2)
 
Subordinate (3)
Prime
$
160.0

 
$
13.0

 
$
147.0

 
$

Non-prime
.5

 

 
.5

 

Sub-prime

 

 

 

Total
$
160.5

 
$
13.0

 
$
147.5

 
$

(1)  At issuance, Super Senior were rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were senior to
other AAA or Aaa bonds.
(2) At issuance, Senior were rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were senior to non-AAA
or non-Aaa bonds.
(3) At issuance, Subordinate were not rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were junior to
AAA or Aaa bonds. 

Non-agency commercial mortgage securities, type of interest rate and tranche levels
 The amount of fixed and floating rate securities and their tranche levels of White Mountains’ non-agency CMBS securities are as follows as of September 30, 2012:

Millions
Fair Value
 
Super Senior (1)
 
Senior (2)
 
Subordinate (3)
Fixed rate CMBS
$
367.1

 
$
253.0

 
$
109.6

 
$
4.5

Floating rate CMBS
22.2

 
15.3

 
1.4

 
5.5

Total
$
389.3

 
$
268.3

 
$
111.0

 
$
10.0

(1)      At issuance, Super Senior were rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were
senior to other AAA or Aaa bonds.
(2) At issuance, Senior were rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were senior to
non-AAA or non-Aaa bonds.
(3) At issuance, Subordinate were not rated AAA by Standard & Poor’s, Aaa by Moody’s or AAA by Fitch and were
junior to AAA or Aaa bonds. 
Rollforward of fair value investments by level
The following tables summarize the changes in White Mountains’ fair value measurements by level for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:
 
 
 
 
Level 3 Investments
 
 
 
Millions
Level 1 
Investments
Level 2 
Investments
Fixed
Maturities
Common
equity
securities
Convertible
fixed
maturities
Other long-term
investments
 
Total
 
Balance at January 1, 2012
$
1,879.1

$
6,088.2

$
78.9

$
32.3

$

$
268.3

 
$
8,346.8

(1)(2) 
Total realized and unrealized
     gains (losses)
57.8

53.8

8.4

11.4


(8.2
)
 
123.2

  
Foreign currency gains
     (losses) through OCI
13.2

75.5

.7

.1


3.1

 
92.6

  
Amortization/Accretion
(.7
)
(34.0
)
(.7
)



 
(35.4
)
 
Purchases
6,712.0

3,823.7

144.3

2.5


40.6

 
10,723.1

 
Sales
(6,435.6
)
(5,048.1
)
(99.2
)
(9.8
)

(31.2
)
 
(11,623.9
)
 
Transfers in

56.9





 
56.9

  
Transfers out


(56.3
)
(.6
)


 
(56.9
)
  
Balance at September 30, 2012
$
2,225.8

$
5,016.0

$
76.1

$
35.9

$

$
272.6

 
$
7,626.4

(1)(2) 
(1)  Excludes carrying value of $33.0 and $34.3 at January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2012 associated with other long-term investments accounted for using the equity method and $0.3 at September 30, 2012 related to forward contracts.
(2)  Carrying value includes $111.8 and $377.3 at January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2012 that is classified as assets held for sale relating to discontinued operations.
 
 
 
 
Level 3 Investments
 
Millions
Level 1
Investments
Level 2
Investments
Fixed
Maturities
Common
equity
securities
Convertible
fixed
maturities
Other long-term
investments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at January 1, 2011
$
1,894.4

$
5,477.4

$
128.4

$
71.2

$

$
330.2

(1) 
 
$
7,901.6

(1) 
Total realized and unrealized
     gains (losses)
(50.5
)
115.9

(10.6
)
(4.9
)

22.5

  
 
72.4

 
Foreign currency gains (losses)
     through OCI
.3

(84.4
)
(4.4
)
1.6


(5.0
)
  
 
(91.9
)
 
Amortization/Accretion
2.4

(40.7
)
(.1
)



  
 
(38.4
)
 
Purchases
6,690.7

3,987.4

212.8

19.7


27.9

  
 
10,938.5

 
Sales
(6,782.1
)
(4,596.9
)
1.6

(55.5
)

(83.4
)
 
 
(11,516.3
)
 
Transfers in

111.8

1.0




  
 
112.8

 
Transfers out

(1.0
)
(111.8
)



  
 
(112.8
)
 
Balance at September 30, 2011
$
1,755.2

$
4,969.5

$
216.9

$
32.1

$

$
292.2

(1) 
 
$
7,265.9

(1) 
 (1) Excludes carrying value of $36.6 and $41.9 at September 30, 2011 and January 1, 2011 associated with other long-term investment limited partnerships accounted for using the equity method.
Schedule of significant unobservable inputs used in estimating the fair value of investment securities
The following summarizes significant unobservable inputs used in estimating the fair value of investment securities classified within Level 3 at September 30, 2012:
 
($ in Millions)
September 30, 2012
 
Description
Fair Value
Rating (1)
Valuation Technique(s)
Unobservable Input
Range(1)
 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
$5.5
A2
Discounted cash flow
Prepayment Rate
0.0
%
CPY (2)




Discount Margin over LIBOR
2.1
%
 
Preferred Stock
$70.6
NR
Discounted cash flow
Discount yield
8.0
%
 
(1) Each asset type consists of one security.
(2) CPY refers to the market convention for CMBS prepayment.
 
T