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Stock-Based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
(9) 
Stock-Based Compensation

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2012, the Company recognized total compensation expense of $1.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively, in general and administrative expenses related to stock-based compensation awards. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 the Company recognized total compensation expense of $3.5 million and $7.1 million, respectively, related to stock-based compensation awards.

Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards vest subject to the satisfaction of service requirements or the satisfaction of both service requirements and achievement of certain performance targets. Upon vesting, each award is exchanged for one share of the Company's common stock. The grant date fair values of these awards are determined based on the closing price of either the award date (if subject only to service conditions), or, if later, the date that the Compensation Committee establishes the applicable performance target (if subject to performance conditions). As of June 30, 2012, the Compensation Committee has approved the grant of an aggregate of 4,875,833 restricted stock awards to eligible participants.

In March 2012, the Compensation Committee established the 2012 pre-tax income performance targets for 220,000 restricted stock units awarded in 2009 and 2010. In May and June 2012, the Compensation Committee approved the award of 783,333 new restricted stock units. Additionally 120,833 restricted stock units were forfeited during the six months ended June 30, 2012.
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recognized $1.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to restricted stock awards. As of June 30, 2012 there was $8.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested awards which, absent significant forfeitures in the future, is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years. A summary of restricted stock awards activity under the plan for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is as follows:

      
Weighted Average
  
Aggregate
 
   
Number
  
Grant Date
  
Intrinsic
 
   
of Shares
  
Fair Value
  
Value
 
Granted and Unvested - January 1, 2012
  1,185,832  $19.65  $14,633,167 
Vested
  (208,332)  24.36   2,626,729 
Granted
  293,333   14.72   3,716,529 
Forfeited
  (120,833)  13.47   - 
Total Granted and Unvested
  1,150,000   18.19   14,570,500 
Approved for grant
  888,335  
(a)
   11,255,204 
Total Awarded and Unvested - June 30, 2012
  2,038,335  
n.a.
   25,825,704 

(a)
Grant date fair value cannot be determined currently because the related performance targets for future years have not yet been established by the Compensation Committee.
 
The outstanding unvested awards at June 30, 2012 are scheduled to vest as follows, subject where applicable to the achievement of performance targets. As described above, certain performance targets are not yet established.

   
Number
 
Vesting Date
 
of Awards
 
     
2012
  - 
2013
  905,000 
2014
  408,335 
2015
  150,000 
2016
  165,000 
2017
  410,000 
Total
  2,038,335 
 
Approximately 245,000 of the unvested awards will vest based on the satisfaction of service requirements and 1,793,335 will vest based on the satisfaction of both service requirements and the achievement of certain performance targets.

Stock Options
Stock option awards generally vest subject to the satisfaction of service requirements or the satisfaction of both service requirements and achievement of certain performance targets. The grant date fair values of these awards are determined based on the Black-Scholes option price model on either the award date (if subject only to service conditions), or, if later, the date that the Compensation Committee establishes the applicable performance target (if subject to performance conditions). The related compensation expense is amortized over the applicable service period. The exercise price of the options is equal to the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date the awards were approved by the Compensation Committee, and the awards expire ten years from the award date. As of June 30, 2012, the Compensation Committee has approved the award of an aggregate of 2,380,465 stock option awards to eligible participants.
 
In March 2012 the Compensation Committee established the 2012 pre-tax income performance target for 150,000 stock options awarded in 2009. In May and June 2012 the Compensation Committee approved the award of 695,000 new stock options. Additionally 75,000 stock options were forfeited during the six months ended June 30, 2012.
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, related to stock option awards. As of June 30, 2012, there was $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding options which, absent significant forfeitures in the future, is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years.

A summary of stock option activity under the plan for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is as follows:

      
Weighted Average
 
   
Number
  
Grant Date
  
Exercise
 
   
of Shares
  
Fair Value
  
Price
 
Total Granted and Outstanding - January 1, 2012
  1,225,465  $10.11  $18.45 
Granted
  165,000   5.65   19.51 
Forfeited
  (75,000)  7.20   - 
Total Granted and Outstanding
  1,315,465   9.72   18.91 
Approved for grant
  830,000  
(a)
   12.80 
Total Awarded and Outstanding - June 30, 2012
  2,145,465  
n.a.
   16.55 

(a)
Grant date fair value cannot be determined currently because the related performance targets for future years have not yet been established by the Compensation Committee.
 
There were 490,465 options that have vested and were exercisable at June 30, 2012 at a weighted average exercise price of $19.79 per share. Of the remaining options outstanding, approximately 592,500 of the outstanding options will vest based on the satisfaction of service requirements and 1,062,500 will vest based on the satisfaction of both service requirements and the achievement of certain performance targets.

The outstanding options had an intrinsic value of $0.1 million and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 7.1 years at June 30, 2012.

During 2009, the Compensation Committee approved the award of 750,000 stock options that vest in five equal annual tranches from 2010 to 2014 subject to the achievement of pre-tax income performance targets established by the Compensation Committee. In March 2012, the Compensation Committee established the 2012 pre-tax income performance target for the fourth tranche of 150,000 stock options awarded in 2009. During May 2012, the Compensation Committee approved the award of 15,000 stock options that vest subject to service-based requirements only. The fair values of these stock options were determined during the six months ended June 30, 2012 using the Black Scholes option pricing model using the following key assumptions:

Number of Shares
  150,000   15,000 
Risk-free interest rate
  0.88%  1.12%
Expected life of options
 
4.4 years
  
7.3 years
 
Expected volatility of underlying stock
  53.89%  50.59%
Expected quarterly dividends (per share)
  0.00   0.00