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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(9)     Income Taxes



The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 37.1% compared to 42.4% for the same period in 2016. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2017 was favorably impacted by tax benefits associated with share-based compensation recognized under the provision of ASU 2016-09, as discussed in Note 7. This tax benefit is the result of a greater tax deduction for share-based compensation expense for awards vesting in the first quarter of 2017 relative to the share-based compensation expense recognized under GAAP for these same awards. For tax purposes, the value of deductible share-based compensation is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of vesting; whereas for GAAP purposes, the value of shared-based compensation expense is determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. To the extent these values are different, the Company will recognize an additional tax benefit or expense,  either of which would have an impact on the Company’s effective income tax rate. Accordingly, the tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2017 resulted from the appreciation in the value of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant to the date of vesting. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2016 was unfavorably impacted by various discrete items, including certain state tax rate changes on deferred taxes.