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Pension, Retiree Medical and Savings Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 28, 2019
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
Schedule Of Plan Assets Measured At Fair Value Table Text Block
Plan assets measured at fair value as of year-end 2019 and 2018 are categorized consistently by level, and are as follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Total
U.S. plan assets (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities, including preferred stock (b)
$
6,605

 
$
6,605

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5,605

Government securities (c)
2,154

 
—

 
2,154

 
—

 
1,674

Corporate bonds (c)
4,737

 
—

 
4,737

 
—

 
4,145

Mortgage-backed securities (c)
159

 
—

 
159

 
—

 
212

Contracts with insurance companies (d)
9

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
9

Cash and cash equivalents
275

 
275

 
—

 
—

 
215

Sub-total U.S. plan assets
13,939

 
$
6,880

 
$
7,050

 
$
9

 
11,860

Real estate commingled funds measured at net asset value (e)
605

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
618

Dividends and interest receivable, net of payables
60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
65

Total U.S. plan assets
$
14,604

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
12,543

International plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities (b)
$
1,973

 
$
1,941

 
$
32

 
$
—

 
$
1,651

Government securities (c)
524

 
—

 
524

 
—

 
433

Corporate bonds (c)
585

 
—

 
585

 
—

 
478

Fixed income commingled funds (f)
384

 
384

 
—

 
—

 
356

Contracts with insurance companies (d)
42

 
—

 
—

 
42

 
36

Cash and cash equivalents
24

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
27

Sub-total international plan assets
3,532

 
$
2,349

 
$
1,141

 
$
42

 
2,981

Real estate commingled funds measured at net asset value (e)
193

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
102

Dividends and interest receivable
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7

Total international plan assets
$
3,732

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
3,090

(a)
2019 and 2018 amounts include $302 million and $285 million, respectively, of retiree medical plan assets that are restricted for purposes of providing health benefits for U.S. retirees and their beneficiaries.
(b)
The equity securities portfolio was invested in U.S. and international common stock and commingled funds, and the preferred stock portfolio in the U.S. was invested in domestic and international corporate preferred stock investments. The common stock is based on quoted prices in active markets. The commingled funds are based on the published price of the fund and the U.S. commingled funds include one large-cap fund that represents 16% and 15% of total U.S. plan assets for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The preferred stock investments are based on quoted bid prices for comparable securities in the marketplace and broker/dealer quotes in active markets.
(c)
These investments are based on quoted bid prices for comparable securities in the marketplace and broker/dealer quotes in active markets. Corporate bonds of U.S.-based companies represent 28% of total U.S. plan assets for both 2019 and 2018.
(d)
Based on the fair value of the contracts as determined by the insurance companies using inputs that are not observable. The changes in Level 3 amounts were not significant in the years ended December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018.
(e)
The real estate commingled funds include investments in limited partnerships. These funds are based on the net asset value of the appraised value of investments owned by these funds as determined by independent third parties using inputs that are not observable. The majority of the funds are redeemable quarterly subject to availability of cash and have notice periods ranging from 45 to 90 days.
(f)
Based on the published price of the fund.
Selected Financial Information For Pension And Retiree Medical Plans Pension, Retiree Medical and Savings Plans
In 2019, Plan A purchased a group annuity contract whereby a third-party insurance company assumed the obligation to pay and administer future annuity payments for certain retirees. This transaction triggered a pre-tax settlement charge in 2019 of $220 million ($170 million after-tax or $0.12 per share).
Also in 2019, certain former employees who had vested benefits in our U.S. defined benefit pension plans were offered the option of receiving a one-time lump sum payment equal to the present value of the participant’s pension benefit. This transaction triggered a pre-tax settlement charge in 2019 of $53 million ($41 million after-tax or $0.03 per share). Collectively, the group annuity contract and one-time lump sum payments to certain former employees who had vested benefits resulted in settlement charges in 2019 of $273 million ($211 million after-tax or $0.15 per share).
Effective January 1, 2017, the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans were reorganized into Plan A and Plan I. Actuarial gains and losses associated with Plan A are amortized over the average remaining service life of the active participants, while the actuarial gains and losses associated with Plan I are amortized over the remaining life expectancy of the inactive participants. As a result of this change, the pre-tax net periodic benefit cost decreased by $42 million ($27 million after-tax, reflecting tax rates effective for the 2017 tax year, or $0.02 per share) in 2017, primarily impacting corporate unallocated expenses.
Gains and losses resulting from actual experience differing from our assumptions, including the difference between the actual return on plan assets and the expected return on plan assets, as well as changes in our assumptions, are determined at each measurement date. These differences are recognized as a component of net gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss. If this net accumulated gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the market-related value of plan assets or plan liabilities, a portion of the net gain or loss is included in other pension and retiree medical benefits (expense)/income for the following year based upon the average remaining service life for participants in Plan A (approximately 10 years) and retiree medical (approximately 8 years), or the remaining life expectancy for participants in Plan I (approximately 23 years). The cost or benefit of plan changes that increase or decrease benefits for prior employee service (prior service cost/(credit)) is included in other pension and retiree medical benefits (expense)/income on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service life for participants in Plan A or the remaining life expectancy for participants in Plan I.

Selected financial information for our pension and retiree medical plans is as follows: 
 
Pension
 
Retiree Medical
 
U.S.
 
International
 
 
 
 
 
2019

 
2018

 
2019

 
2018

 
2019

 
2018

Change in projected benefit liability
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability at beginning of year
$
13,807

 
$
14,777

 
$
3,098

 
$
3,490

 
$
996

 
$
1,187

Service cost
381

 
431

 
73

 
92

 
23

 
32

Interest cost
543

 
482

 
97

 
93

 
36

 
34

Plan amendments
15

 
83

 
1

 
2

 
—

 
—

Participant contributions
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

 
—

 
—

Experience loss/(gain)
2,091

 
(972
)
 
515

 
(230
)
 
36

 
(147
)
Benefit payments
(341
)
 
(956
)
 
(100
)
 
(114
)
 
(105
)
 
(108
)
Settlement/curtailment
(1,268
)
 
(74
)
 
(31
)
 
(35
)
 
—

 
—

Special termination benefits
2

 
36

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
1

Other, including foreign currency adjustment
—

 
—

 
98

 
(204
)
 
2

 
(3
)
Liability at end of year
$
15,230

 
$
13,807

 
$
3,753

 
$
3,098

 
$
988

 
$
996

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in fair value of plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at beginning of year
$
12,258

 
$
12,582

 
$
3,090

 
$
3,460

 
$
285

 
$
321

Actual return on plan assets
3,101

 
(789
)
 
551

 
(136
)
 
78

 
(21
)
Employer contributions/funding
550

 
1,495

 
122

 
120

 
44

 
93

Participant contributions
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

 
—

 
—

Benefit payments
(341
)
 
(956
)
 
(100
)
 
(114
)
 
(105
)
 
(108
)
Settlement
(1,266
)
 
(74
)
 
(31
)
 
(32
)
 
—

 
—

Other, including foreign currency adjustment
—

 
—

 
98

 
(210
)
 
—

 
—

Fair value at end of year
$
14,302

 
$
12,258

 
$
3,732

 
$
3,090

 
$
302

 
$
285

Funded status
$
(928
)
 
$
(1,549
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
(8
)
 
$
(686
)
 
$
(711
)
 
Amounts recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets
$
744

 
$
185

 
$
99

 
$
81

 
$
—

 
$
—

Other current liabilities
(52
)
 
(107
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(58
)
 
(41
)
Other liabilities
(1,620
)
 
(1,627
)
 
(119
)
 
(88
)
 
(628
)
 
(670
)
Net amount recognized
$
(928
)
 
$
(1,549
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
(8
)
 
$
(686
)
 
$
(711
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss/(gain)
$
3,516

 
$
4,093

 
$
914

 
$
780

 
$
(285
)
 
$
(287
)
Prior service cost/(credit)
114

 
109

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(32
)
 
(51
)
Total
$
3,630

 
$
4,202

 
$
914

 
$
779

 
$
(317
)
 
$
(338
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes recognized in net (gain)/loss included in other comprehensive loss
 
 
Net (gain)/loss arising in current year
$
(120
)
 
$
760

 
$
152

 
$
103

 
$
(24
)
 
$
(107
)
Amortization and settlement recognition
(457
)
 
(187
)
 
(44
)
 
(56
)
 
27

 
8

Foreign currency translation loss/(gain)
—

 
—

 
26

 
(49
)
 
(1
)
 
1

Total
$
(577
)
 
$
573

 
$
134

 
$
(2
)
 
$
2

 
$
(98
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
$
14,255

 
$
12,890

 
$
3,441

 
$
2,806

 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used To Determine Projected Benefit Liability And Benefit Expense For Pension And Retiree Medical Plans
The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used to determine projected benefit liability and net periodic benefit cost for our pension and retiree medical plans:
 
Pension
 
Retiree Medical
 
U.S.
 
International
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Liability discount rate
3.3
%
 
4.4
%
 
3.7
%
 
2.5
%
 
3.4
%
 
3.0
%
 
3.1
%
 
4.2
%
 
3.5
%
Service cost discount rate
4.4
%
 
3.8
%
 
4.5
%
 
4.2
%
 
3.5
%
 
3.6
%
 
4.3
%
 
3.6
%
 
4.0
%
Interest cost discount rate
4.1
%
 
3.4
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.2
%
 
2.8
%
 
2.8
%
 
3.8
%
 
3.0
%
 
3.2
%
Expected return on plan assets
7.1
%
 
7.2
%
 
7.5
%
 
5.8
%
 
6.0
%
 
6.0
%
 
6.6
%
 
6.5
%
 
7.5
%
Liability rate of salary increases
3.1
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.3
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expense rate of salary increases
3.1
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future Benefit Payments
Our estimated future benefit payments are as follows:
 
2020

 
2021

 
2022

 
2023

 
2024

 
2025 - 2029

Pension
$
945

 
$
915

 
$
900

 
$
930

 
$
970

 
$
5,275

Retiree medical (a)
$
100

 
$
95

 
$
95

 
$
90

 
$
85

 
$
355

(a)
Expected future benefit payments for our retiree medical plans do not reflect any estimated subsidies expected to be received under the 2003 Medicare Act. Subsidies are expected to be approximately $2 million for each of the years from 2020 through 2024 and approximately $4 million in total for 2025 through 2029.
These future benefit payments to beneficiaries include payments from both funded and unfunded plans.
Target Investment Allocation
Plan Assets
Our pension plan investment strategy includes the use of actively managed accounts and is reviewed periodically in conjunction with plan liabilities, an evaluation of market conditions, tolerance for risk and cash requirements for benefit payments. This strategy is also applicable to funds held for the retiree medical plans. Our investment objective includes ensuring that funds are available to meet the plans’ benefit obligations when they become due. Assets contributed to our pension plans are no longer controlled by us, but become the property of our individual pension plans. However, we are indirectly impacted by changes in these plan assets as compared to changes in our projected liabilities. Our overall investment policy is to prudently invest plan assets in a well-diversified portfolio of equity and high-quality debt securities and real estate to achieve our long-term return expectations. Our investment policy also permits the use of derivative instruments, such as futures and forward contracts, to reduce interest rate and foreign currency risks. Futures contracts represent commitments to purchase or sell securities at a future date and at a specified price. Forward contracts consist of currency forwards.
For 2020 and 2019, our expected long-term rate of return on U.S. plan assets is 6.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Our target investment allocations for U.S. plan assets are as follows:
 
2020

 
2019

Fixed income
50
%
 
47
%
U.S. equity
25
%
 
29
%
International equity
21
%
 
20
%
Real estate
4
%
 
4
%

Actual investment allocations may vary from our target investment allocations due to prevailing market conditions. We regularly review our actual investment allocations and periodically rebalance our investments.
The expected return on plan assets is based on our investment strategy and our expectations for long-term rates of return by asset class, taking into account volatility and correlation among asset classes and our historical experience. We also review current levels of interest rates and inflation to assess the reasonableness of the long-term rates. We evaluate our expected return assumptions annually to ensure that they are reasonable. To calculate the expected return on plan assets, our market-related value of assets for fixed income is the actual fair value. For all other asset categories, such as equity securities, we use a method that recognizes investment gains or losses (the difference between the expected and actual return based on the market-related value of assets) over a five-year period. This has the effect of reducing year-to-year volatility.
Effects Of 1-Percentage-Point Change In The Assumed Health Care Trend Rate d on the published price of the fund.
Retiree Medical Cost Trend Rates
 
2020
 
2019
Average increase assumed
6
%
 
6
%
Ultimate projected increase
5
%
 
5
%
Year of ultimate projected increase 
2039

 
2039


These assumed health care cost trend rates have an impact on the retiree medical plan expense and liability, however the cap on our share of retiree medical costs limits the impact.
Savings Plan
Certain U.S. employees are eligible to participate in a 401(k) savings plan, which is a voluntary defined contribution plan. The plan is designed to help employees accumulate savings for retirement, and we make Company matching contributions for certain employees on a portion of eligible pay based on years of service.
Certain U.S. salaried employees, who are not eligible to participate in a defined benefit pension plan, are also eligible to receive an employer contribution to the 401(k) savings plan based on age and years of service regardless of employee contribution.
In 2019, 2018 and 2017, our total Company contributions were $197 million, $180 million and $176 million, respectively.
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]
The components of total pension and retiree medical benefit costs are as follows:
 
Pension
 
Retiree Medical
 
U.S.
 
International
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Service cost
$
381

 
$
431

 
$
401

 
$
73

 
$
92

 
$
91

 
$
23

 
$
32

 
$
28

Other pension and retiree medical benefits expense/(income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest cost
$
543

 
$
482

 
$
468

 
$
97

 
$
93

 
$
89

 
$
36

 
$
34

 
$
36

Expected return on plan assets
(892
)
 
(943
)
 
(849
)
 
(188
)
 
(197
)
 
(176
)
 
(18
)
 
(19
)
 
(22
)
Amortization of prior service cost/(credits)
10

 
3

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(19
)
 
(20
)
 
(25
)
Amortization of net losses/(gains)
161

 
179

 
123

 
32

 
45

 
53

 
(27
)
 
(8
)
 
(12
)
Settlement/curtailment losses (a)
296

 
8

 
8

 
12

 
6

 
11

 
—

 
—

 
—

Special termination benefits
1

 
36

 
60

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
2

Total other pension and retiree medical benefits expense/(income)
$
119

 
$
(235
)
 
$
(189
)
 
$
(47
)
 
$
(51
)
 
$
(23
)
 
$
(28
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(21
)
Total
$
500

 
$
196

 
$
212

 
$
26

 
$
41

 
$
68

 
$
(5
)
 
$
20

 
$
7