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Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 28, 2019
Property, Plant And Equipment And Intangible Assets [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets
A summary of our property, plant and equipment is as follows:
 
Average
Useful Life (Years)
 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land

 
$
1,130

 
$
1,078

 
 
Buildings and improvements
15 - 44
 
9,314

 
8,941

 
 
Machinery and equipment, including fleet and software
5 - 15
 
29,390

 
27,715

 
 
Construction in progress

 
3,169

 
2,430

 
 


 
43,003

 
40,164

 
 
Accumulated depreciation

 
(23,698
)
 
(22,575
)
 
 
Total

 
$
19,305

 
$
17,589

 
 
Depreciation expense

 
$
2,257

 
$
2,241

 
$
2,227


Property, plant and equipment is recorded at historical cost. Depreciation and amortization are recognized on a straight-line basis over an asset’s estimated useful life. Land is not depreciated and construction in progress is not depreciated until ready for service.
A summary of our amortizable intangible assets is as follows:

 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017

 
Average
Useful Life (Years)
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
 
Amortizable intangible assets, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired franchise rights
56 – 60
 
$
846

 
$
(158
)
 
$
688

 
$
838

 
$
(140
)
 
$
698

 
 
Reacquired franchise rights
5 – 14
 
106

 
(105
)
 
1

 
106

 
(105
)
 
1

 
 
Brands
20 – 40
 
1,326

 
(1,066
)
 
260

 
1,306

 
(1,032
)
 
274

 
 
Other identifiable intangibles (a)
10 – 24
 
810

 
(326
)
 
484

 
959

 
(288
)
 
671

 
 
Total

 
$
3,088

 
$
(1,655
)
 
$
1,433

 
$
3,209

 
$
(1,565
)
 
$
1,644

 
 
Amortization expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
81

 
 
 
 
 
$
69

 
$
68


(a)
The change from 2018 to 2019 primarily reflects revisions to the purchase price allocation for our acquisition of SodaStream.
Amortization of intangible assets for each of the next five years, based on existing intangible assets as of December 28, 2019 and using average 2019 foreign exchange rates, is expected to be as follows:
 
2020

 
2021

 
2022

 
2023

 
2024

Five-year projected amortization
$
82

 
$
80

 
$
77

 
$
75

 
$
74


Depreciable and amortizable assets are evaluated for impairment upon a significant change in the operating or macroeconomic environment. In these circumstances, if an evaluation of the undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value, which is based on discounted future cash flows. Useful lives are periodically evaluated to determine whether events or circumstances have occurred which indicate the need for revision.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
We did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill in each of the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. We did not recognize any material impairment charges for indefinite-lived intangible assets in each of the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. As of December 28, 2019, the estimated fair values of our indefinite-lived reacquired and acquired franchise rights recorded at PBNA exceeded their carrying values. However, there could be an
impairment of the carrying value of PBNA’s reacquired and acquired franchise rights if future revenues and their contribution to the operating results of PBNA’s CSD business do not achieve our expected future cash flows or if macroeconomic conditions result in a future increase in the weighted-average cost of capital used to estimate fair value. We have also analyzed the impact of the macroeconomic conditions in Russia and Brazil on the estimated fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets in these countries and have concluded that there were no impairments for the year ended December 28, 2019. However, there could be an impairment of the carrying value of certain brands in these countries, including juice and dairy brands in Russia, if there is a deterioration in these conditions, if future revenues and their contributions to the operating results do not achieve our expected future cash flows (including perpetuity growth assumptions), if there are significant changes in the decisions regarding assets that do not perform consistent with our expectations, or if macroeconomic conditions result in a future increase in the weighted-average cost of capital used to estimate fair value. For further information on our policies for indefinite-lived intangible assets, see Note 2.
The change in the book value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is as follows:

Balance,
Beginning
2018
 
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Translation
and Other
 
Balance,
End of
2018
 
Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)
 
Translation
and Other
 
Balance,
End of
2019
FLNA

 
 
 

 

 
 
 

 

Goodwill
$
280

 
$
28

 
$
(11
)
 
$
297

 
$
(3
)
 
$
5

 
$
299

Brands
25

 
138

 
(2
)
 
161

 
—

 
1

 
162

Total
305

 
166

 
(13
)
 
458

 
(3
)
 
6

 
461

QFNA

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

Goodwill
175

 
9

 
—

 
184

 
6

 
(1
)
 
189

Brands
—

 
25

 
—

 
25

 
(14
)
 
—

 
11

Total
175

 
34

 
—

 
209

 
(8
)
 
(1
)
 
200

PBNA (a)

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

Goodwill
9,854

 
—

 
(41
)
 
9,813

 
66

 
19

 
9,898

Reacquired franchise rights
7,126

 
—

 
(68
)
 
7,058

 
—

 
31

 
7,089

Acquired franchise rights
1,525

 
—

 
(15
)
 
1,510

 
—

 
7

 
1,517

Brands
353

 
—

 
—

 
353

 
418

 
(8
)
 
763

Total
18,858

 
—

 
(124
)
 
18,734

 
484

 
49

 
19,267

LatAm

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

Goodwill
555

 
—

 
(46
)
 
509

 
—

 
(8
)
 
501

Brands
141

 
—

 
(14
)
 
127

 
—

 
(2
)
 
125

Total
696


—

 
(60
)
 
636

 
—

 
(10
)
 
626

Europe (b) (c)

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

Goodwill
3,202

 
526

 
(367
)
 
3,361

 
440

 
160

 
3,961

Reacquired franchise rights
549

 
(1
)
 
(51
)
 
497

 
—

 
8

 
505

Acquired franchise rights
195

 
(25
)
 
(9
)
 
161

 
—

 
(4
)
 
157

Brands
2,545

 
1,993

 
(350
)
 
4,188

 
(139
)
 
132

 
4,181

Total
6,491

 
2,493

 
(777
)
 
8,207

 
301

 
296

 
8,804

AMESA
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Goodwill
437

 
—

 
—

 
437

 
11

 
(2
)
 
446

Total
437

 
—

 
—

 
437

 
11

 
(2
)
 
446

APAC
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
241

 
—

 
(34
)
 
207

 
—

 
—

 
207

Brands
111

 
—

 
(10
)
 
101

 
—

 
(1
)
 
100

Total
352

 
—

 
(44
)
 
308

 
—

 
(1
)
 
307

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total goodwill
14,744

 
563

 
(499
)
 
14,808

 
520

 
173

 
15,501

Total reacquired franchise rights
7,675

 
(1
)
 
(119
)
 
7,555

 
—

 
39

 
7,594

Total acquired franchise rights
1,720

 
(25
)
 
(24
)
 
1,671

 
—

 
3

 
1,674

Total brands
3,175

 
2,156

 
(376
)
 
4,955

 
265

 
122

 
5,342

Total
$
27,314

 
$
2,693

 
$
(1,018
)
 
$
28,989

 
$
785

 
$
337

 
$
30,111


(a)
The change in acquisitions/(divestitures) in 2019 is primarily related to our acquisition of CytoSport Inc.
(b)
The change in acquisitions/(divestitures) in 2019 and 2018 is primarily related to our acquisition of SodaStream. See Note 14 for further information.
(c)
The change in translation and other in 2019 primarily reflects the appreciation of the Russian ruble. The change in translation and other in 2018 primarily reflects the depreciation of the Russian ruble, euro and Pound sterling.